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1、GrammarGrammarAttributive ClausesAttributive Clauses定语从句定语从句:是指在复合句中是指在复合句中,修饰修饰 或或 的从句的从句.被定语从句所修被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做饰的名词或代词叫做“”。引导定语从句的词叫。引导定语从句的词叫“”名词名词代词代词 先行词先行词关系词关系词基础知识基础知识 定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句（用（用逗号隔开的定语
2、从句）逗号隔开的定语从句）分类分类This is the place that I visited last year.(限制性定从，表达必要信息限制性定从，表达必要信息)Miss Wang is a kind person,who is always ready to help others.（非限制性定从，进行补充说明）（非限制性定从，进行补充说明）StructureThis is the place that I visited last year.先行词先行词+关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词+从句从句介词介词+关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系关系代代词词指指 代代人人物物句子句子wh
3、owhomwhichthatwhoseas 关系代词关系代词先行词先行词/关系词在从句中关系词在从句中充当充当主语主语或或宾语（句子不完整时）宾语（句子不完整时）whose 做定语，译为做定语，译为“谁的谁的”which;that;who-先行词在句中做主语或先行词在句中做主语或宾语宾语The man(_I wrote to)is his elder brother.The train(_has arrived)is from Beijing.There is a girl _ want to see you.Whom 先行词在定语从句中做先行词在定语从句中做宾语宾语。可用。可用 who 代替
4、。代替。Whose 先行词在定语从句中做先行词在定语从句中做定语定语。“谁的谁的”I like the girl whom/who I met at the party.The man whom/who I visited yesterday is a famous scientist.I live in a house whose windows face south.关系关系代代词词在定在定语语从句中所充从句中所充当的成分当的成分主主语语宾语宾语定定语语whowhomwhichthatwhose as 关系副词关系副词先行词在从句中先行词在从句中所做的成分所做的成分when 时间状语时间状
5、语where地点状语地点状语why原因状语原因状语关系副词关系副词They are staying in the hotel.He arrived at that time.This is the hotel where they are staying.(they are staying in the hotel.)=This is the hotel which they are staying inThis is the time when he arrived.(he arrived at the time.)=This is the time which he arrived at.
6、Can you give me the reason why you are always late?Can you give me the reason for which you are always late?先行词先行词/关系词拿到后面的从句中关系词拿到后面的从句中需要需要补充一个介词补充一个介词，说明从句发生，说明从句发生的时间地点或者原因。的时间地点或者原因。（从句句子完整）（从句句子完整）Exercises:The prize will give the writer_story will shows the most imagination.A.that B.which C.w
7、hose D.whatThe old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A.they B.where C.what D.thatBetween the two part of the concert is an place_ the audience can buy ice-cream.A.when B.where C.that D.WhichThe days are gone _ we helped each other at school.A.when B.where C.that
8、 D.whichComplete each sentence with one of these words.1.Mencius wrote a book _ many people have read.2.Mencius came form a part of the world _ change was happening fast.whichwherewho which when where whose3.This was a period _ many people became interested in Confuciuss teachings.4.Mozi was a man _
9、 behavior was often unusual.5.Mozi was a teacher _ principles were different from those of Confucius.whose whenwhose 6.It was a time _ philosophers could have positions in governments.7.He came from an area _ people were very poor.wherewhen“介词介词+关系词关系词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1)先行词是物：先行词是物：介词介词+which/whose2)先
10、行词是人：先行词是人：介词介词+whom/whose3)缺什么介词，就补什么介词。缺什么介词，就补什么介词。This is the pen _ _he wrote the letter.这就是他用来写那封信的钢笔。这就是他用来写那封信的钢笔。This is the student _ _we are proud.这就是我们为之自豪的学生。这就是我们为之自豪的学生。I have two books,one of_ cover is dirty.This is the school _ I studied.This is the school_ _ I studied.This is the sc
11、hool _ I studied in.当介词还原定语从句的末尾时，关系词要当介词还原定语从句的末尾时，关系词要用关系代词。用关系代词。只用只用that不用不用which的情况：的情况：(1)先行词先行词是不定代词或者被不定代词修饰是不定代词或者被不定代词修饰all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,none等。等。all,any,every,each,few,none of,no等。等。(2)先行词先行词前有前有the only,the very,the right等等来修饰时。来修饰时。(3)先行词先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级来修饰前有
12、序数词或形容词最高级来修饰时。时。(4)先行词先行词中既有人又有物时中既有人又有物时1)All that we have to do is to practise every day.2)He talked happily about the men and books that interested him most in the school.3)This is the very book that I want to buy.4)I have read all the books that you gave me.5)I will never forget the first lesso
13、n that Mrs.Wang taught me.关系词放于介词之后，指物，作宾语。关系词放于介词之后，指物，作宾语。This is the house in which Mrs.Smith once lived.这就是史密斯夫人曾住过的房子。这就是史密斯夫人曾住过的房子。在非限制性定语从句中，不能用在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that。He had failed in the exam again,which of course made his parents very angry.他考试再次失败，这令他父母很生气。他考试再次失败，这令他父母很生气。只用只用which不用不用that的情
14、况：的情况：This is the house in which Mrs.Smith once lived.这就是史密斯夫人曾住过的房子。这就是史密斯夫人曾住过的房子。He had failed in the exam again,which of course made his parents very angry.他考试再次失败，这令他父母很生气。他考试再次失败，这令他父母很生气。只用只用which不用不用that的情况：的情况：as引导限制性定语从句时，用于引导限制性定语从句时，用于soas,such.as,the same.as结构中。修饰人或结构中。修饰人或物，在从句中作主语，宾语或
15、表语。物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。As 也可以引导非限制性定语从句。可以位也可以引导非限制性定语从句。可以位于句首于句首,通常可以译为通常可以译为“正如正如”：As we all know,Harbin is called“the Paris in the East”.as引导定语从句的情况：引导定语从句的情况：The teacher gave us such a difficult question _no one could work it out.The teacher gave us such a difficult question _no one could work out.This is the same book as I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。This is the same book that I lost.这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。定语从句相似结构选择。定语从句相似结构选择。知识回顾知识回顾：In spring,the flowers bloom,which_(make)the world more beautiful.