《英国文学简史.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英国文学简史.ppt（37页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、RealismandDickens 裴蕾裴蕾&王娟娟王娟娟&段晶晶段晶晶CriticalRealismDickensOtherrepresentatives.SocialBackgroundIndustrial Revolution(thesecondhalfofthe18C)victoryofthebourgeoisieoverthearistocracy(贵族阶级)The development of capitalismworkingclassaroseFeudalVSbourgeoisclassesforsometime1930sfundamental contradictionfun
2、damental contradiction:workers VS capitalistsworkers VS capitalists.SocialBackgroundAtypical capitalist countryaggravation(恶化)ofcontradictionsathomeandabroadparliamentary reform(1832)the Poor Law(1834)Chartism(人民宪章运动):working-classmovement(1836).SocialBackgroundThe Peoples Charter(人民宪章),1837workers
3、political demandsThe peoples parliament gathered,1837European revolutionaryevents,1940sstrengthened the English working-class movementlate1940s,declineofChartismsocialcontradictions&poemsThomas Hood(17991845)Mrs Elizabeth Barret Browning.Chartist Movement&Chartist LiteratureIndustrial Revolutionindu
4、strialworkers,associations1834,establishmentofthe Grand National Consolidated Trades Union，aim:uniting the whole working class(anewstage)The Chartist Movementlate1930s,LondonindustrialNorthFebruary1837,apetitionbytheLondonWorkingmansAssociationsix pointslaterknownasthe Peoples Charter:.ChartistMovem
5、ent&ChartistLiterature1)equalelectoraldistricts2)abolitionofthepropertyqualificationsforM.P.s3)universalmanhoodsuffrage(选举权)4)annualparliaments5)votebyballot（无记名投票表决）6)thepaymentofM.P.sSpringof1838,theSix Points a Parliamentary Bill the Charter of the Workersrapiddevelopmentofthe Chartist Movement s
6、howedDraftedinto.ChartistMovement&ChartistLiteratureEnglish workers:anindependentpoliticalforcetheindustrialbourgeoisieprincipalenemythe PetitionwasrejectedbyParliamentin1838(1,280,000signatures)Chartismspreadlikewildfireafter1838(economiccrisis)asecond Petition(3,315,000=halftheadultmalepopulationo
7、fGreatBritain),rejectedin1842Troopsbygovernment.ChartistMovement&ChartistLiteraturethe Trade Union ConferenceProposed:the Peoples Charterlaw,strikesStrikesbrokeoutinNorthChartismwassuppressedforatime Revivedduringcrisesof1846andof1848(level)Lingered ontill1860Result:ChartismfailedSignificance:signif
8、iedthe firstgreatpoliticalmovementofthe proletariatinEnglishhistory.ChartistMovement&ChartistLiteratureChartist Literaturearticles on political and economical issues poems,short stories and essays on literaturea new themeintroducedintoliterature:Thestruggle of the proletariat(无产阶级无产阶级)for its rights
9、the Chartist writersRemaintruetotraditionsofEnglishhumanistanddemocraticliteraturePortrayedtheirreconcilablestruggle(proletariatandrulingclass).ChartistMovement&ChartistLiteratureexpressedfirmfaithintheultimatevictoryofthesufferingpeopleSignificance:TheChartistpoetry,heroic and revolutionaryplayedan
10、importantroleinthedevelopmentofEnglish progressiveliteratureinconnectionwiththeworking class movement.Representatives:Ernest Jones Thomas Cooper Willam James Linton.English Critical RealismEnglish Criticalrealismappeared(tenseclassstruggle)flourished(1940sandearly1950s)Englishcriticalrealistsasatiri
11、calportrayalofthebourgeoisieandalltherulingclassprofoundsympathyforthecommonpeople.English Critical Realismworks:the upper classesVSthe lower classesgreed&hypocrisyhonesty&good-heartedness Humor(tinged with lyricism)Satire Positive characters The bourgeois society Fine qualities The seamy(evil)side.
12、English Critical RealismStrengthRevealsthecorruptinginfluenceoftheruleofcash uponhuman nature(root:democracy&humanism)Weaknessnotrealizethenecessityofchangingthebourgeoissocietyunabletofindasolutiontocontradictionsworksnotofrevolutionbutofreformism.English Critical RealismContribution:perfectionofth
13、enovel“the epicofthebourgeoissociety”SocialandpoliticaleventsFateofindividuals19c novelists:Astepfurther(comparedwith18c)ConflictsbetweenindividualsThebroadsocialconflictsabovethefateofindividualsGuess?StrikingforceandtruthfulnessBourgeoiscivilizationMiseryandsufferingofpoorThe greatest English real
14、ist-Charles DickensRepresentativesWilliam Makepeace ThackerayCharles DickensWilliam Makepeace Thackeray(18111863)威廉梅克皮斯萨克雷WilliamMakepeaceThackerayHisLifeborn in IndiaIndian Company official 5 yearssent to EnglandCambridgecartoon drawingsatirical versesedited a student paper1830,without a degreeHisL
15、ifeGermanyFrance ItalyEnglandThe national standarda bourgeois radical newspaper articles,satirical sketches Vanity Fair in 1847peakinto politicsHisLifesuccess inWriting careerfailure in his life1.tragic marriage 2.neglected by Mother 3.looked down uponby his peers4.heart troubles died of heart attac
16、k in London on Christmas Eve in 1863 HisLiteraryWorks1)The Book of Snobs 势利者集势利者集2)Vanity Fair名利场名利场3)The History of Pendennis 彭登彭登 尼斯尼斯4)The Newcomes 纽克姆一家纽克姆一家5)The History of Henny Esmond亨利亨利埃斯蒙德埃斯蒙德6)The Virginians 弗吉尼亚人弗吉尼亚人CharlesDickens狄更斯(18121870)CharlesDickensFamilyLifeFatherJohnDickensMot
17、herElizabethBarrowFatherwasaNavelclerkFinanciallycomfortableandthenpoorParentsweresenttoaDebtorsPrisonDickensearlyyearsFamilyimprisonedfordebtYoungCharlesforcedtoworkinshoefactory:WarrensBlackingFactoryMostlyself-educatedirregularschoolingIn1827,hetookajobasalegalclerkHethenworkedasareporterincourts
18、andinParliamentHisDeathIneverknewanauthorsdeathtocausesuchgeneralmourning.Itisnoexaggerationtosaythatthiswholecountryisstrickenwithgrief.LondonandtheTimesvCharles Dickens created 20 novels during his life.vOffered us a profound complete realistic picture of the English society of mid-19th century3 p
19、eriod of his literary careerThe Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿Nicholas Nickleby 尼古拉斯尼克贝The Old Curiocity Shop 老古玩店vMartin Chuzzlewit 马丁翟述伟Dombey and Son 董贝父子 David Copperfield大卫科波菲尔Bleak House 荒凉山庄Hard Times 艰难时代A Tale of Two Cities 双城记Great Expectations 远大前程David Copperfield Dickens most a
20、utobiographical work.vthe first person narratorvBildungsromanDavid CopperfieldvSomeone who is kind to others will be paid with kindness and evil will not.v Content makes happiness.v Money will not directly bring happiness.Early period(1836-1845)vGentle social criticism温和的社会讽刺温和的社会讽刺vFantastic optimi
21、sm充满幻想的乐观精神充满幻想的乐观精神vpicaresque“流浪汉小说流浪汉小说”的结构模式的结构模式vExaggeration夸张的艺术手法夸张的艺术手法vThe middle period(1846-1857)vHe criticise bourgeois and their moralityv 对资产者及其道德的辛辣批判对资产者及其道德的辛辣批判v Gentle moralismv 温和的道德主义温和的道德主义v The plot and structure are more complete unifiedv 情节结构更为完整统一情节结构更为完整统一v Humor and sati
22、rev 幽默讽刺风格幽默讽刺风格The later period(1858-1870)vHumor and satire social criticismv 广泛、尖锐的社会批判广泛、尖锐的社会批判vGentle reformism and strong humanitarianv 温和的改良主义和强烈的人道主义温和的改良主义和强烈的人道主义vExploration of mans inner conflictsv 尖锐的矛盾冲突主导情节设计尖锐的矛盾冲突主导情节设计vSymbolism象征手法象征手法Characteristics of the worksvthe wide spreadin
23、g of critical realismvthe spirit of democracy and humanismvThe construction of plot is pretty complicated.more than one minor clues besides the main core of the storyvLiterary style：florid and poetic,with a strong comic touch vCharacters:based on people he knew.memorable in English literature.related to readersAutobiographical elementsEpisodic writing:in monthly or weekly instalments in journals Literary techniques:idealised characters and highly sentimental scenes social realism incredible coincidences