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1、英语句法（一）英语句法（一）语法系列之语法系列之英语句子的基本成分有英语句子的基本成分有8种：种：主语主语 (subject)谓语谓语 (predicate)宾语宾语 (object)定语定语 (attribute)状语状语 (adverbial)补语补语 (complement)表语表语 (predicative)同位语同位语(Appositive)主语：主语：n n1)Mr.Chen is a well-known scientist.n n2)He reads newspapers everyday.n n3)Two and six is eight.n n4)Smoking is ha
2、rmful to health.n n5)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.n n6)What we shall do next is not yet decided.可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等主语一般在句首。式、动名词、从句等主语一般在句首。n n1)The new term begins on the 1st of September.n n2)She seemed tired.n n3)What have you been doing?n n4)What have you
3、 done?n n5)He was often laughed at for this.n n6)Id rather he didnt come tomorrow.谓语谓语:说明主语的动作，状态或特征。说明主语的动作，状态或特征。做谓语的词类是动词做谓语的词类是动词宾语宾语:宾语通常在及物动词和介词的后面宾语通常在及物动词和介词的后面n n1)I think it right to help her.n n2)My little sister always likes to ask questions.n n3)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?n
4、n4)He asked me what I was going to do in summer.可以做宾语的词类是名词代词数词可以做宾语的词类是名词代词数词不定式动名词从句等不定式动名词从句等n n系动词：n n1）be seem appearn n2)look sound taste smell feel n n3)get turn grow become gon n4)stay remain keep continue感官类变化类维持类表语：表语：表语通常在系动词后。表语通常在系动词后。n n1)My uncle is 1)My uncle is a professor.a profess
5、or.n n2)He looked 2)He looked tired.tired.n n3)The basketball match is 3)The basketball match is on.on.n n4)All the pupils are 4)All the pupils are on the playgroundon the playground now.now.n n5)Our aim was 5)Our aim was to win more medalsto win more medals.n n6)His work is 6)His work is teaching F
6、renchteaching French.n n7)The question is 7)The question is who can really repair the who can really repair the machines.machines.定语定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子短语或句子.注意：单个词常置被修饰词前，短语从句置后注意：单个词常置被修饰词前，短语从句置后The girl The girl in the classroomin the classroom needs a pen needs a pen of
7、yoursof yours.The boy needs a The boy needs a coffeecoffee cup.cup.The best boy The best boy herehere is Tom.is Tom.There is nothing There is nothing to doto do today.today.The The smilingsmiling boy needs a pen boy needs a pen bought by his bought by his mother.mother.This is the new dictionary Thi
8、s is the new dictionary which I bought which I bought yesterday.yesterday.状语：状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及其相应的状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及其相应的短语或从句句子，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、短语或从句句子，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、地点、让步、伴随伴随、程度、目的等。程度、目的等。位置较灵活位置较灵活1)She sings quite well.2)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.3)He sits there,asking for
9、 a pen.4)The boy needs a pen to do hishomework.5)If I have some spare time,I will take up German.同位语：同位语：是在名词或代词之后，重复指代并进是在名词或代词之后，重复指代并进一步说明名词或代词的成分。常置被修饰词语后一步说明名词或代词的成分。常置被修饰词语后可以做同位语的词类有名词代词从句等可以做同位语的词类有名词代词从句等We students should study hard.We all are students.Bush,President of the United States,w
10、ill visit China next month.The suggestion that a new bridge be builthere was accepted.We were overjoyed at the news that our team had won.补语补语:补充说明主语或宾语补充说明主语或宾语.做做“宾补宾补”时在宾语后，时在宾语后，做做“主补主补”时在谓语后时在谓语后可以做补语的词类与可以做表语的词类相同可以做补语的词类与可以做表语的词类相同n n1)The government appointed（任命）（任命）her chief delegate（代表）（代表
11、）to the conference.n n2)I dont believe the story true.n n3)You should put your things in order.n n4)The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.n n5)We saw the pupils playing basketball.n n6)She was elected monitor of Class 1.用符号标出下列句子的成分：用符号标出下列句子的成分：n n1)I saw your uncle in the shop yesterday
12、.n n2)Her father became a Party member in 1950.n n3)To sleep on a spring bed is very comfortable.n n4)Mr.Hopkins teaches Mary English.n n5)She knows how to teach English properly.用符号标出下列句子的成分：用符号标出下列句子的成分：n n6)The next morning,we found him lying in bed,dead.n n7)Being Chinese,we care much about how
13、many gold medals the Chinese team has got.n n8).Who are you looking for?n n9).It was a pity that you didnt watch that wonderful football match.n n10)I think it necessary for us to learn English.n n12)Many accidents which occur in the streets could be prevented if we were more careful.n n13)The watch
14、 which her mother gave to her works very well.n n14)His delay of an hour is due to the fact that the train met with a minor accident.1.The person we spoke to _no answer at first.A.make B.making C.makesD.made2.Who do you think _us a talk this afternoon?A.to giveB.gaveC.will giveD.giving 3、The days we
15、 look forward to _at last.A.comes B.to come C.came D.coming4.Time should be made good use of _our lessons well.A.learningB.learnedC.to learn D.learns 5.We should do all we can _ him.A.to help B.help C.helping D.helpsCC D CAn n6.Why all the boys fell ill suddenly _ still unknown.A.are B.was C.is D.we
16、ren n7.“Cant you read”?Mary said _ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointingn n8.Whom would you rather have _ with you？A.to go B.gone C.go D.wentn n9.What do you consider _ to them?A.to happen B.happened C.happening D.happenCACBCorrecting:n n1.It m
17、ade our school looks like a garden.1.It made our school looks like a garden.n n2.Everywhere have green trees and flowers.2.Everywhere have green trees and flowers.n n3.There are many trees are growing in our school.3.There are many trees are growing in our school.n n4.We found him was having an Engl
18、ish lesson.4.We found him was having an English lesson.n n5.5.Ill spend the whole day reading and prepare for it.Ill spend the whole day reading and prepare for it.n n6.The children went away laughed.6.The children went away laughed.n n7.The church burned down yesterday date from the 18th 7.The chur
19、ch burned down yesterday date from the 18th century.century.n n8.Its not good to keep children busily with their 8.Its not good to keep children busily with their studies all day long.studies all day long.n n9.9.Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.lookarepreparinglaughingdatesbusyPlaying1.They expressed the hope that they would visit our school again.2.The news that he will come tomorrow makes us surprised.