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1、Unit 1 We have been hitUnit 1 We have been hit2012-32012-3I.Background information1.Osama Bin Laden and 9/11 attacksOsama Bin Laden founded Al Qaeda(AL Quaida,AL-Qaida,the Base)in 1988 to consolidate the international network he established during the Afghanistan war.Its goals were the advancement o
2、f Islamic revolutions throughout the Muslim world and repelling foreign intervention in the Middle East.In August 1998,Al Qaeda bombed two U.S.embassies in East Africa killing more than 200 people,including 12 Americans.In retaliation,the U.S.attacked targets in Sudan and Afghanistan.It committed it
3、s most devastating attack on September 11,2001,when 19 Al Qaeda operatives hijacked four planes.They crashed two into the twin towers of the World Trade Center(one per tower)in Manhattan,New York City,causing them to collapse,and a third into the U.S.Department of Defense,the Pentagon,Virginia,just
4、outside the capital,Washington,D.C.The fourth hijacked plane crashed in rural Pennsylvania,after passengers fought back against the hijackers.repel:to successfully fight sb who is attacking you,your country,etc.and drive them away 击退，驱逐，赶走retaliate:retaliate against sb/sth by doing sthretaliate agai
5、nst sb/sth with sthto do something harmful to sb because they have harmed you first 报复，反击，复仇retaliation:noun:retaliation against sb/sth for sth.The shooting may have been in retaliation for the arrest of the terrorist suspects.枪击事件可能是对逮捕恐怖嫌疑分子进行的报复行动。operative:a person who does secret work,especiall
6、y for a government or an organization.特工人员，密探 an intelligence operative:情报人员hijack:to use violence or threats to take control of a vehicle,especially a plane,in order to force it to travel to a different place or to demand sth from a government.劫持交通工具,尤其指飞机.The plane was hijacked by two armed men on
7、 a flight from London to Cairo.班机在从伦敦飞往开罗途中遭到了两名持械男子劫持。hijacker:a person who hijacks a plane or other vehicle劫持者,劫机者The United States Department of Defense The United States Department of Defense(DOD)is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of th
8、e government relating directly to national security and the military.The DOD is in the Pentagon building near Washington,D.C.,and has three major components the Department of the Army,the Department of the Navy,and the Department of the Air Force.2.Related pictures on 9/11 attacks The World Trade Ce
9、nter(the twin towers)The Empire State Building The Pentagon(See the other ppt)II.Theme,style and techniques 1.ThemeThe text describes a particular episode in the disaster that occurred on September 11,2001 in New York in praise of the courage and compassion(sympathy)of man in the face of danger.2.St
10、yleNarration and description3.Techniques1)Image(意象，修辞中的比喻意象，修辞中的比喻)a mental picture of a person or thing.Paragraph 1 storms and drawstrings on the window shades are two images used.Storms were only small potatoes compared with the twin towers,which are very high and steady.Even during the worst stor
11、ms,the drawstrings would not move,which shows the power of the WTC.2)Parallel Structure（平行结构（平行结构）Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.This can happen at the word,phrase,or clause level.The usual way to join paralle
12、l structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as“and”or“or.”Examples from the text:Paragraphs 4-5:For some,it was a matter of geographyFor some,the choices were as basic as which staircase to use.3)EchoesThe last paragraph describes Ramos heroic deed.It echoes the sentence“With the
13、building in flames,one man needed help.Another man refused to leave him.”4)AppositiveParagraph 32:her husband,VictorIII.Structural analysis of the text.Part I(1)the common peoples perception about the WTC.Part II(2-9)the initial reaction of people inside the WTC when the building was hit.Part III(10
14、-30)how the three office mates(Mayblum,Ramos and Hong)tried to save a heavyset man by their joint efforts.Part IV(31-34)the gathering of some of the survivors and victims wives.IT is the most touching scene.It seems to suggest that the author has reached the conclusion about the ultimate moral dilem
15、ma:“Save yourself,or save another.”IV.Language WorkPart I:Paragraph 11.scoff1)to laugh at or speak about a person or idea in a way which shows that you think they are stupid or ridiculous 嘲笑，讥讽scoff at sb/sth:他对我们不在行的尝试嗤之以鼻。He scoffed at our amateurish attempts.amateurish:not done well or with skill
16、s.外行的，生手的，业余的2)to eat(food)quickly and greedily 贪吃，狼吞虎咽I baked a huge cake this morning,but the kids scoffed a lot.2.illusion1)a false idea or belief 错误的观念，幻想He has no illusions about her feelings for him.他对她跟他的感情不抱任何幻想。他再也分不清幻想与现实之间的区别了。He could no longer distinguish between illusion and reality.他一
17、直错误地认为自己具有音乐才能.He cherishes the illusion that he has a talent for music.2)something that seems to exist but in fact does not,or seems to be sth that it is not.幻想的事物,错觉房间里的大镜子常给人一种空间增大的错觉。A large mirror in the room can create the illusion of space.绝对个人自由的观念是一种幻想。The idea of absolute personal freedom
18、is an illusion.have(no)illusions about sth.be under(no)illusion about sth.illusory adj.:not real,although seeming to be虚假的，幻觉的an illusory sense of freedom 虚幻的自由感 Part II:Paragraphs 291.devastating 1)completely destructive 破坏性极大的，毁灭性的Oil spills are having a devastating effect on coral reefs in the oc
19、ean.海上溢油对海洋里的珊瑚礁有着毁灭性影响。如果这家工厂倒闭，将给当地居民以毁灭性的打击。It will be a devastating blow to the local community if the factory closes.云南最近的干旱对农村人口的影响极大。The recent drought in Yunnan has had a devastating effect on its rural population.2)extremely shocking to a person 令人震惊的，骇人的She cried bitterly when she heard th
20、e devastating news.3)impressive and powerful 给人印象深刻的；令人钦佩的；强有力的his devastating performance in the 100 meters他在百米赛跑中的惊人表现她的笑容令人倾倒 Her smile was devastating.针对总统的经济业绩发动的猛烈攻击 a devastating attack on the Presidents economic record.devastatingly.adv.富有魅力的美男子 a devastatingly handsome man 2.glance at:to lo
21、ok quickly or briefly atI saw them glance at each other as if they knew something I didnt know.人事部经理浏览了一下应聘人名单.The Personnel Manager glanced at the list of names of the applicants.进餐时，他老朝门那边看，显然是在盼望着谁进来。During the meal he kept glancing at the door,obviously expecting someone to walk in.3.They were c
22、areening wildly,three feet in either direction.Paraphrase:They were swaying up to three feet high from side to side,like a ship in a great storm.他们就像暴风雨中的船只，上下左右晃动着，幅度高达三英尺。4.Mayblum would be one of thousands cast into an extraordinary purgatory that morning.cast:throw sb/sth somewhere,esp.using for
23、cecast into:throw into价值连城的珠宝被扔进了尼罗河。The valuable treasures were cast into the Nile.他们在傍晚抛猫停泊。They cast anchor at nightfall.Paraphrase:Thousands of people in the WTC were thrown,all of a sudden,into a condition of extremely terrible suffering that morning.Mayblum was one of them.5.find ones way to:t
24、o succeed in reaching这是我第一次来纽约，但我还是设法找到了那家小公司。It was my first visit to New York,but I managed to find my way to the small firm.6.For some,it was a matter of geography.a matter of geography:something,a situation or a circumstance,that is dependent on ones location1)经济发展成功与否有时取决于地理位置。The success of ec
25、onomic development is sometimes a matter of geography.2)被困在五角大楼的人们能否生还，关键在于他们所在的位置。Whether some trapped in the Pentagon could survive was a matter of geography.Paraphrase:For some people,whether they would survive depended on where they were.对于一些人而言，存活的关键取决于他们所处的位置。7.ultimate most extreme or importa
26、nt 1)the ultimate insult2)the ultimate objective最终录用谁要由安德鲁来定夺。The ultimate decision about who is to be employed lies with Andrew.对这次冲突最终要负责任的无疑是挑衅者。The ultimate responsibility for the present conflict without doubt lies with the aggressor.8.dilemma a situation in which one has to make a difficult ch
27、oice.进退两难的窘境，困境This is the industrialists dilemma:invest,and risk going bankrupt,or not invest,and risk losing your share of the market.industrialist:工业家,实业家,工厂主让医生进退两难的是该不该把真实情况告诉患者.The doctors dilemma was whether he should tell the patient the truth.面临左右为难的窘境to face a dilemma处于进退两难的境地to be in(a)di
28、lemma我左右为难，不知是做数学还是写英语。I am in a dilemma whether to do math or English.总统显然不知如何应对危机。The President is clearly in a dilemma about/over how to tackle the crisis.tackle make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or situation 应付,处理,解决政府决定解决通货膨胀问题.The government is determined to tackle infl
29、ation.8.off and on:not happening continuously or regularly 断断续续地他断断续续地学了10年英语。He has been studying English off and on for ten years.出国前我在这家公司断断续续地工作过两年。I had worked in the company off and on for two years before I went abroad.cf.on and on 连续不断地 9.Mayblum hurried down again and made it to the 78th fl
30、oor.make it:1)to succeed in reaching a place in time,especially when this is difficult.准时到达（尤其指在困难情况下）准时到达（尤其指在困难情况下）再过二十分钟飞机就要起飞了，我们无论如何也赶不上了。The flight will take off in twenty minuteswell never make it.2）to be successful in your career.获得成功获得成功他从来就不是一个成功的演员。He never made it as an actor.3)to be abl
31、e to be present at a place 能够出席或到场能够出席或到场很抱歉，星期六我不能参加聚会。I am sorry I wont be able to make it to the party on Saturday.4)to survive after a serious illness or accident;to deal successfully with a difficult experience 幸免于难；渡过难关The doctors think that hes going to make it.医生认为他能挺过去。make or break sth to
32、be the thing that makes sb/sth either a success or a failure.为.成败的关键 This movie will make or break him as a director.这部电影将决定他当导演是行还是不行。Its make-or-break time for the company.这是公司成败的关键时刻。10.He saw a reassuring sight,Ramos had waded into the pandemonium to help panicked workers into a stairwell.1)reas
33、suringmaking someone feel less worried or frightenedIts reassuring to know that the children are being looked after.Derivation:reassure v.reassuringly adv.reassurance n.Translate the following sentences into English with the right form of reassure:1)风暴中孩子害怕时，他的父母就抚慰他。When the child was afraid in the
34、 storm,his parents _ him.2)他朝我微笑着，让人感到宽心。He smiled at me in a _ way.3)“不要担心，”他安慰我说，“一切都会好起来的。”“Dont worry,”he said _.“Everything will be alright.”2)wade intoto make ones way intowith effort or difficulty不知不觉地闯进/走进了一个混乱的大厅 wade into a noisy lobby3)pandemoniuma state of wild and noisy disorder 骚动synon
35、yms:chaos(混乱;杂乱),disorder4)panic:noun and verb:fear Dont panic!Everything will be okay.be seized with a panic惊慌失措panic-stricken adj.1)a group of panic-stricken children 一群惊慌失措的孩子2)A few seconds after the explosion the street was full of panic-stricken people fleeing in all directions.panicked:ppHe p
36、anicked and ran as fast as he could to safety.他很惊慌，拼命跑到安全的地方。Paraphrase:Ramos had walked into the wild chaos with great determination 拉莫斯艰难地步入了那一片混乱中Part III(1030)1.So Hong decided that he would be the guinea pig instead.guinea pig：实验对象，试验品 Paraphrase:So Hong decided to test the safety of the elevat
37、or himself.于是，洪决定亲自去试验一下电梯是否安全。2.So far,so good.Things were satisfactory up to this point.目前为止一切顺利1)目前为止一切顺利。我劝阻了朋友实施这一轻率莽撞的方案。So far,so good.I dissuaded my friend from pursuing such a rash scheme.2)目前为止一切顺利。他回到楼上找到了那个大块头男子.So far,so good.He went back upstairs and found the heavyset man.3.The rumble
38、s of the collapsing tower next door seemed to sap the heavyset man of his last gasps of energy.sap:to weaken someone or take away strength or an important quality from someone,especially over a long period of time1)Constant criticism saps you of your confidence.2)Looking after her sick mother had sa
39、pped all her energy.3)批评削弱了他的决心。The criticism sapped his determination.4)他身患疾病，身体日渐虚弱。He was sapped by disease.sapping adj.gasp:breathParaphraseThe tremendous sound of the collapse of the south tower destroyed the mans hope of climbing down the remaining stairs and thus took away his remaining energ
40、y.4.“Who are you,screaming at him to get out?”The fireman shouted.Who do you think you are?Youve no right to shout at him and order him to get out.“你以为你是谁啊？你没有权力大喊大叫地命令他出去。”Part IV(30-34)1.He met up with Hong on 53.meet up with:to meet or find by chance,come acrossSynonymous phrases:come across sb.,
41、run into sb.1)他在妻子的抽屉里偶然发现了他的一些情书。He met up with some of his love letters in his wifes drawer.2)格雷厄姆前些天偶然遇到了一个读书时相识的熟人。The other day Graham met up with someone he used to know at school.这家人本可以按时到达，不料遇上了轮胎漏气。The family would have arrived in time,but they met up with a flat tire.2.the picture began to fade on the 36th floor.Nothing was known about what had happened on the 36th floor.