《2020年上海市杨浦区高考一模英语试题.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2020年上海市杨浦区高考一模英语试题.pdf（28页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、试卷第 1 页，总 13 页绝密启用前2020 年上海市杨浦区高考一模英语试题考试范围：xxx；考试时间：100 分钟；命题人：xxx 题号一二三四五六七八总分得分注意事项：1答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第 I 卷（选择题)请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明评卷人得分一、完形填空A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match.“I m at peak 1
2、and I practise hard.How is this happening?”This student,like many I teach,believes she should be able to 2 the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.I study and write about resilience(复原力),and I m noticing a(n)3 increase in students like this athlete.When they win,they feel powerful and sm
3、art.When they fall short of what they imagine they should 4,however,they are crushed by self-blame.We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from 5.But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in particular:a 6 promise that th
4、ey can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of“mind-set”research,which has found that praising children for 7 will increase academic performance.Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck,mind-set education has spread
5、across classrooms worldwide.But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students,it does not 8 help everyone.One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar,who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy,pressure-cook
6、er communities,“It is not a 9 of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem.10,it is unhealthy perfectionism 试卷第 2 页，总 13 页and difficulty with backing off when they should,when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top.”This can 11 physical and emotional stress.In a 2007 study,psych
7、ologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the 12 goals showed elevated levels of CRP,a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation(炎症)linked to diabetes,heart disease and other medical conditions.The cruel reality is that you can do everything in yo
8、ur power and still fail.This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination(歧视)and inequality teaches them to 13 what is,for now,largely beyond their control to change.Yet for others,the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup.Instead of a
9、llowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don t go their way，we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what 14 inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are.We should be wise
10、to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least 15 it.It s often the people who learn to say“stuff happens”who get up the fastest.1Acoolness Bfitness Cgoodness Dreadiness 2Acontrol Bchange Cadjust Dcelebrate 3Aamusing Binspiring Ctroubling Dtouching 4Aapply Bapprove Cappreci
11、ate Daccomplish 5Adisbelief Bdisagreement Cdiscovery Ddiscomfort 6Abright Bfalse Cgeneral Dflexible 7Avirtue Bability Ceffort Dstatus 8Aoriginally Bobviously Cnecessarily Dregularly 9Achoice Bcommand Cdisplay Dlack 10A Instead BOtherwise CTherefore DHowever 11Aresult from Bapply for Cassociate with
12、Dlead to 12A Immoral Bimpersonal Cimpossible Dimpolite 13Achallenge Baccept Cassess Dinquire 14A plainly Bprobably Cimmediately Dactually 15A exhibit Bexpect Cestablish Drecognize 评卷人得分二、阅读理解试卷第 3 页，总 13 页David Miles,an Australian inventor has been accused of cheating desperate farmers by charging u
13、p to$50,000 Australian dollars for delivering rain on demand without so much as explaining the technology behind his business.On the official Miles Research website，Miles explains that in the 1990 s he realized that it was possible to influence weather patterns by creating a bridge between the prese
14、nt and a near-future event in the physical space-time continuum.He found that by applying small amounts of energy intelligently,even a large,messy weather system approaching from the future could be eased.While somewhat fascinating,Miles explanation does little to explain how he is able to bring rai
15、nfall to the lands of farmers.He makes references to famous but debatable concepts lik e“the butterfly effect”.“We were advised against patenting because if basically exposing how it works,there will be a lot of big companies that invest in hunting out patents,”Miles said“I understand the doubts，the
16、 only other way is to fully prove up our science and physics.If we did that,well lose it,it will be taken up as a national security interest and it ll then be weaponized.”Miles claims raised suspicions for obvious reasons,including a since-deleted section of his company website,which c laimed that h
17、is technology used“electromagnetic scalar waves”，which scientists say don t even exist.The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission(ACCC)has warned people against doing business with him,but the Australian inventor claims the ACCC is only trying to defame him and his company,as in reality they
18、 are success based-if it doesn t rain,they don t get paid.“Consumers signed the agreement that if by the end of June they receive 100mm,they pay$50,000,if they only receive 50mm,they would only pay$25,000.Anything under half，we don t want to be paid,”Miles said of a handful of Wimmera farmers who ag
19、reed to take him up on his offer to deliver rain.Believe it or not,one of the farmers who paid David Miles for his so-called rain-making capabilities told ABC Radio that he was quite happy with the results.16David Miles claims to be capable of _.Ainfluencing the weather system Bpredicting the future
20、 events 试卷第 4 页，总 13 页Creducing the atmospheric temperature Deasing the gravitational energy 17ACCC issued warning against doing business with Miles because_.Ahe charged too much for the services provided Bthere was no solid science to hack up his technology Chis practice was a threat to national se
21、curity interest Dhe didn t officially patent his technology with ACCC 18According to Miles，how much will be paid if the farmers receive 15mm of rain?A$50,000.B$25,000.C$12,500.D$0.19What can be inferred from the passage?AMiles needed safer facilities for his business.BMiles brought about good crops
22、as expected.CMiles wasn t discouraged by the critics.DMiles was arrested by the local police.Call now to speak to a friendly representative(888)551-3466 For Curved&Straight Stairs|7-Day Money Back Guarantee|Rentals Available At Stannah,we are committed to providing our customers with the safest,more
23、 reliable stair-lifts and the most generous assurance among stairlift provider,for value that can t be beaten.Let us create a custom stair-lift solution for your needs.Call to find a local showroom!Our customers love us!Trust-score 9.5 out of 10 398 reviews on Trustpilot 试卷第 5 页，总 13 页Stannah stair-
24、lifts arc available for indoor and outdoor straight or indoor curved stairs.The Stannah slime-line rail sits close to your wall and attaches to our stairs for seamless installation.Our powered footrest makes folding easy and a slim profile allows safe stair access(even on narrow stairs)when not in u
25、se.Well-equipped as standard,with a range of options if needed,Stannah stair-lifts are an exceptional choice for those desiring lo age gracefully at home.?Safe and easy-to-use?Available for either straight or curved stairways?Offered for indoor or outdoor installation?Installed without home alterati
26、ons?Chair folds up easily when not in use for safe stair access?Powered by a constant trickle charge battery for operation even in a power failure?Free brochure.Used by many to regain their independence and continue living safely in their homes.Stannah Stair-lifts are usually the most cost-effective
27、 when compared to moving,remodeling or installing an elevator.Frequently Asked Questions?Can my stairlift be installed without damaging my walls?Yes!Stannah stair-lifts are designed to move along a rail that attaches to the step of your stairway and not your wall._?Will others be able to get by safe
28、ly when my stairlift is not in use?Absolutely!Your stairlift comes standard with a powered footrest and an easily folded seat for a slimline profile and unobstructed access for others.试卷第 6 页，总 13 页_?Can/get help paying for my stairlift?Because Medicare and insurance doesn t pay for stair-lifts,we o
29、ffer a range of models at different prices,and payment options include rental.Call today to schedule your in-home stairs assessment 1 Call to schedule your free-in-home assessment with an expert advisor.2 Select the Stannah stairlift that best meets your needs.3 Install your new stairlift in hours.O
30、ur professional technicians will work diligently to provide you with a safe lift you can rely on?We offer rapid response scheduling and installation at no additional charge!20To have a Stannah stairlift installed,one needs to _.Aremodel one s living roomBschedule an in-home assessment Censure consta
31、nt power supply Dorder a special stairway 21Jenny may use the Coupon（优惠券）to save some money only if she_.Arents the model advertised on Boston Globe Bpays for the Stannah model which is on sale Cpurchases one brand new Stannah stairlift Dpublishes post-sale reviews on Trust-pilot 22Which statement i
32、s TRUE about Stannah stair-lift mentioned in the advertisement?AIt promises to regularly check on the old people who live independently.BIt can be installed easily by following instructions in the brochure.CIt provides fast and free repair services by professional technicians.DIt offers an alternati
33、ve to old people who dont want to be relocated.How and why,roughly 2 million years ago,early human ancestors evolved large brains and began fashioning relatively advanced stone tools,is one of the great mysteries of evolution.Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention o
34、f cooking.They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved,and that it takes less energy to absorb nutrients from cooked food.As a result,once they had mastered the art,early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the resulting energ
35、y savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought.There is,试卷第 7 页，总 13 页however,a problem with the cooking theory.Most archaeologists(考古学家）believe the evidence of controlled fire stretches back no more than 790,000 years.Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a
36、solution.Together with his team,he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sand-stones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania.The region is famous for the large number of human fossils(化石)that have been discovered there,alongside an impressive assembly of stone tools.The sand-stones them
37、selves have previously yielded some of the world s earliest complex hand axes large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus(直立人).Creating an axe by repeatedly knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of p
38、lanning.Their appearance is therefore thought to mark an important moment in intellectual evolution.Trapped inside the Olduvai sand-stones,the researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecules（分子）that are often interpreted as biomarkers for heat-tolerant bacteria.Some of these live in w
39、ater between 85C and 95 CThe molecules presence suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once fed by one or more hot springs.Dr.Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a convenient“pre-fire”means of cooking food.In New Zealand，the Maori have traditionally cooked
40、 food in hot springs,either by lowering it into the boiling water or by digging a hole in the hot earth.Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland,so it is plausible,if difficult to prove,that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots.Richard Wrangham,who devised the cooking th
41、eory,is fascinated by the idea.Nonetheless,fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans,once they had mastered the art of controlling it since,unlike a hot spring,it is a transportable resource.23All of the following statements can support the cooking theory EXCEPT_.Acooking enabled early
42、humans to invest less in digestive system Bcooking enabled early humans to devote more energy to building big brains Cour brain became larger around the same time our digestive system weakened Dthe controlled fire wasn t mastered until about 790,000 years ago 24The presence of biological molecules w
43、as important because_.Athey suggested a possible means of cooking without fire Bthey cast light on how early Homo erectus lived Cthey provided a convenient way of studying stone tools 试卷第 8 页，总 13 页Dthey made studies of pre-historic cultures possible 25The underlined word“plausible”probably means _.
44、Anoticeable Bapplicable Creasonable Daffordable 26What may be the conclusion of the study by Dr.Summons and his colleague?AEarly humans were capable of making complex stone tools.BHot springs help explain how human brains got so big.CHomo erectus were adaptable to tough and complex territories.DHuma
45、n brains are highly advanced as shown by their size.第 II 卷（非选择题)请点击修改第II 卷的文字说明评卷人得分三、语法填空Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;fo
46、r the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Killer Rabbits You d never think of rabbits as dreadful,destructive creatures,would you?Rabbits are cute and love-able.However,Australians discovered 27 harm these cute creatures can do the hard way.Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 178
47、8 as food animals.By 1827,they were running around large estates,and in 1859,disaster struck.A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he 28 have thought that was harmless fun.But Australia has no predators（捕食者）29(adapt)to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept the
48、ir populations 30 control in Europe.The loose rabbits bred like,well,rabbits,and began to take over the countryside.Within a few decades,there were millions.By 1950,there were 600 million rabbits in Australia.Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm.They caused more damage than any othe
49、r species introduced to the continent.They ate native plant species 31 they disappeared.They competed for food and shelter with native animals.they caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species.And they were a nightmare 试卷第 9 页，总 13 页for cattle and sheep farmers,32 anima
50、ls couldnt get enough grass to eat and starved.The rabbits did some good,of course.They provided food for poor families.They supported fur industries.But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative 33(ignore).People tried trapping them.They even built a huge wall aga