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1、试卷第 1 页，总 12 页绝密启用前2020 年上海市奉贤区高考一模英语试题考试范围：xxx；考试时间：100 分钟；命题人：xxx 题号一二三四五六七八总分得分注意事项：1答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第 I 卷（选择题)请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明评卷人得分一、完形填空Ecology is a complicated thing.Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill trees,it would be 1 to assume t
2、hat a combination of the two would make things worse.Contrary to this assumption,2,as the recently-published research by Benjamin Wigley shows,if a tree has already been damaged,fire can 3 help to make things better.One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping(剥)them of their bark(树皮
3、).Dr Wigley,who did indeed start from the obvious 4,set off to find out how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping.To serve this purpose,he set up a study in the Kruger National Park.Since 1954,the Kruger has been the site of experiments in which plots of land have been
4、burned 5,to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology.In these experiments,Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones,in one of which,the trees were burned every year;in the second,they were burned every other year,while the third zone,by contrast,was actively 6 fire.To keep things con
5、sistent,he looked at the fate of the same tree species,the marula(马鲁拉树),in all three zones.He picked marulas because they are particular 7 of elephant activity.Their fruit are delicious,and prized by elephants and people alike.But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark.In July 2016 he and hi
6、s colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to 8 from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter.Having imposed this damage,they 9 the wounds over the course of the following two years,to see what would happen.To their 试卷第 2 页，总 12 页10,they discovered that t
7、he wounds of trees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires at all.Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re-grew 98%of their lost 11 during the two years of the study.Those living in the biennial(两年一次的)burn zone re-grew 92%of it.But those in the zone where fires
8、were 12 re-grew only 72%.The researchers also found something else when they were measuring the trees wounds:ants.Ten of the 20 trees in the fire-prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds.The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to 13 tissue heal
9、ing.By contrast,only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants nests in their wounds.It looks,therefore,as if bush fires are treating trees wounds by killing ants that might 14 colonize and damage them.Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees,it se
10、ems,in an example of two negatives making a positive,as if they are actually 15 to sick ones.1Adifficult Breasonable Cnecessary Dawful 2Ahowever Btherefore Cfurthermore Dsomehow 3Auniquely Bbarely Cactually Dmerely 4Aphenomenon Bevidence Cimagination Dassumption 5Aequally Bregularly Cseverely Dpurpo
11、sely 6Aburnt with Bprotected from Ccovered by Dexposed to 7Aparticipants Bpartners Cvictims Dfriends 8Amark Bremove Chit Dmeasure 9Aregulated Bchecked Chealed Dmonitored 10A disappointment Bsurprise Cjoy Drelief 11Avitality Bheight Cbark Dstrength 12A controlled Bprevented Cstarted Dboosted 13A dist
12、urb Bpromote Cimpact Dquicken 14A therefore Bnevertheless Cthen Dotherwise 15Abeneficial Bunbelievable Ceffective Dcruel 评卷人得分二、阅读理解There was something in the elderly womans behavior that caught my eye.Although slow and unsure of step,the woman moved with deliberation,and there was no hesitation in
13、her 试卷第 3 页，总 12 页gestures.She was as good as anyone else,her movements suggested.And she had a job to do.The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter.The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience,rolling her eyes,huffing and sighin
14、g,checking her watch every few seconds.If she had possessed a belt,her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of dragging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf.After the sl
15、ightest hesitation,I walked over and asked if I could help her find something.The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled(潦草地写)on a crumpled piece of paper.The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar.Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies,about quality.Rather than rus
16、hing off to locate the DVD for the woman,I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it.Looking back,I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment.Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother,whod passed away the previous Christmas.As we walked
17、along the back of the store,I narrated its floor plan:old television shows,action movies,cartoons,science fiction.The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.We found the movie,and I complimented her on her choice.She smiled and told me it was one shed enjoyed when she was
18、her sons age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had.Maybe,she said with a hint of eagerness,he could enjoy it with his own young children.Then,reluctantly,I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper,who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.I accompanied the older
19、 woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman.When the older womans turn in line came,she paid in cash,counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness shed displayed earlier.16What does she had a job to do(Para.1)mean according to the co
20、ntext?AShe had a regular job in the store.BShe wanted to ask for help.CShe wanted to buy a DVD DShe was thinking of what to buy.17What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?AThe elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.BThe elderly woman liked movies for young childre
21、n.试卷第 4 页，总 12 页CThe elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.DThe elderly woman liked both old and new movies.18While looking for the DVD with the old woman,the shop assistant was _.Ahesitant Bcasual Ccautious Dconsiderate 19What is the main purpose of this passage?ATo describe what a movie nut
22、 is like BTo remind readers to spending more time accompanying family CTo stress the importance of company and understanding.DTo explore the key aspects of current parental-child relationship As unpleasant emotions go,anxiety is the roughest.Its a vague,pit-of-the-stomach fear that sneaks up to you-
23、that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away,when the phone rings at 4:00 a.m.,or when your dentist looks into your mouth and says Hmm for the third time.Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night,make you irritable,undermine your ability to concentrate,and ruin y
24、our appetite.And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety-adrenaline pumping,heart racing,palms sweating-may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.How to prevent anxiety then?Meditate.Maybe youre just high-strung.If so,meditation(冥想)is worth a try.It cultivates a calmness t
25、hat eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control.A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8-week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward.People who are high-strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in t
26、he morning and another 20 minutes after dinner.Jog,walk,swim,or cycle.If you cant make time for meditation,be sure to make time for regular exercise.Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation,particularly if its something repetitive like running or swimming laps.Treatment?Remember to br
27、eathe.When youre anxious,you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly.That makes you feel more anxious.Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect.To make sure that youre breathing correctly,place your hand on your diaphragm(横膈试卷第 5 页，总 12 页膜),just below your rib cage(胸腔).Feel it
28、rise with each inhalation(吸气)and fall with each exhalation.Lets say you are anxious about your competence on the job.Ask yourself What,in particular,am I afraid that Ill mess up?Maybe you re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines.Or maybe youre worried that youre blowing it whene
29、ver you present your ideas in meetings.Are your worries founded?Have you had several near misses with deadlines?Are your suggestions routinely rejected?If not,the anxiety is needless.If there is a real problem,work on a solution:Pace yourself to better meet deadlines,or join a public speaking class.
30、20Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety?ALower in concentration.BNo appetite.CHeart racing.DHigh blood pressure.21According to the passage,what can be done to avoid anxiety?AExercising regularly.BKeeping breath steady.CBreathing with the help of hands.DAdjusting the pace
31、of life.22What is the last paragraph about?AAnxiety at work and its solutions.BPeoples anxiety about their capabilities.CThe reason for someones incompetence.DThe function of public speaking class.Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an e
32、nslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone.One researcher called the work“a mind-blower.”“In this particular context,and from that time period,I think its a first,”team member Hannes Schroeder told The Washington Post.“To be able to get DNA from an object
33、like a pipe stem is quite exciting.Also it is exciting for descendant(后裔)communities.Through this technology,theyre able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa.”The pipe stem was found at the Belvoir plantation in Crownsville,Maryland,where enslaved people lived unt
34、il 1864 and where a likely slave cemetery was recently found.DNA taken from the pipe linked back to a woman either directly from or descended from the Mende people,who lived in west Africa,in an area now part of Sierra.Julie Schablitsky,the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway adminis
35、tration,试卷第 6 页，总 12 页told The Post the discovery,based on saliva(唾液)absorbed into the clay pipe,was a“mind-blower”.She also said records show the existence of a slave trade route Sierra Leone to Annapolis,plied(定期往来)by British and American ships.As soon as people stepped on those slave ships in Afr
36、ica,she said,“whether they were from Benin or whether they were from Sierra Leone,wherever they were from,that identity was lost.Their humanity is stripped from.Who they are as a people has gone.”The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people ens
37、laved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors.Speaking to The Post,Nancy Daniels,a genealogist from Laurel,Maryland,who thinks she is a descendant of enslaved families from Belvoir but was not linked to the research on the pipe,called the discovery“overwhelming.”“Im sitting here about re
38、ady to cry,”she said.“Im sorry.Im so happy.Thank God for the DNA”This year,events and ceremonies are being held to mark the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved people in America,at Jamestown,Virginia,in 1619.Slavery was effectively abandoned in the US on 1 January 1863,with the is
39、sue by Abraham Lincoln of the Emancipation Proclamation.It formally ended in December 1865,after the civil war,with the approval of the 13th amendment(修正案).23What does the phrase“a mind-blower”in paragraphs 1 and 4 refer to?AA surprise BA confusion CAn excitement DA fascination 24 According to Hanne
40、s Schroeder,the pipe stem was of great significance because_.Ait was the first direct evidence that slaves living in Maryland were originally from Africa.Bit helped the archaeologists to draw a portrait of the enslaved woman.Cit might contribute to identifying the birthplace of the descendant commun
41、ities.Dit contained genic clues to the ancestral background of its owner.25What can be inferred from the passage?AThe owner of the pipe once lived in what is now an area in west Africa.BThe history of slavery in America is an ongoing topic of concern.CAfrican slaves lost their identities when they a
42、rrived at the Belvoir plantation.DNancy Daniels,a genealogist was sorry for not being involved in the research.26Which of the following is the best title for the passage?ADNA from an old pipe throws lights on the origins of the enslaved 试卷第 7 页，总 12 页BA new research reveals the origins of enslaved A
43、frican woman CThe descendants of enslaved people seek their identities DDNA contributes to the breakthrough of a new research 第 II 卷（非选择题)请点击修改第II 卷的文字说明评卷人得分三、语法填空Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with
44、 a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Ancient Myth-A Hit With Modern Audiences This summer s surprise hit at movie theaters across China was the re-telling of the ancient myth of Nezha.The animated film 27(
45、take)in over four billion yuan at the box office and become one of the country s most successful films ever.It proved that China could produce animated films comparable to 28 produced in Hollywood and Japan.The film,directed by Yang Y u,was a massive undertaking(任务)from start to finish.He spent two
46、years writing the script(剧本)and three more years making a film which required the efforts of 1,600 animators.But for Yang,it was a way to prove to himself that he 29 change his fate and inspire others to change their fate as well.“I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career,”sa
47、id Yang,“Since then I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their dreams.”30(convey)the message that“your fate is in your own hands,”Yang made some changes to the original myth.Nezha was born a devil(恶魔),31(fate)to cause mischief(恶作剧),but he decides to ov
48、ercome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by Ao Bing,the third son of the Dragon King.32the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys,in Yang s film,all of the characters are treatedwith empathy,and even the“bad”people are
49、 also victims of their fate,33,actually,have the potential to change and become good.Over the years,I have come across a few students labeled as“devils.”Although some 试卷第 8 页，总 12 页misbehaved simply 34 they were not mature enough,others were trouble-making and uncooperative when they were in a bad m
50、ood.Those students need to know they were not doomed to be bad.As they grew up,they would have the power to change their circumstances.If you have seen Nezha,you know 35 a terrific,entertaining film it is.But an important lesson is also conveyed in the film36 we should not judge ourselves or others