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1、高一非谓语动词语法知识及练习 在英语语法里，动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词 之分。谓语动词，即在句子中 充当谓语的动词，谓语动词根据时态和语态而变化，即要考虑时态、语态和主谓 一致。非谓语动词，即不能充当谓语的动词，但在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表 语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。非谓语形式也根据时态和语态而变化。非谓语动词：不定式(to do);动词-ing形式(doing);过去分词(done)动词-ing形式的功能和用法：可以充当 _ 动词-ing形式：主动 被动 式 完成式 一、动词-ing形式作主语 1.动词-ing形式作主语，表示一般或抽象的习惯性行为，谓语动词用单数。如：(read)alo
2、ud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.(go)to bed early and(get)up early is considered to be a good habit.2.在一些句子中，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放到句末。如：It is no use(cry)over spilt milk.常见句式：It+be+fun/a bore/a waste of time/a great pleasure+doing sth.It+be+useless/worthwhile/nice/good/interes
3、ting/expensive+doing sth.It+be no good/no use/no fun+doing sth.二、动词-ing形式作宾语 1.下列动词只能用动词-ing形式作宾语。考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止 想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon admit,delay/put off,fancy avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate forbid,imag
4、ine,risk can t help,mind,allow/permit,escape My mother advised(ask)a doctor to come and examine my eyes.We re considering(pay)a visit to the Science Museum.2.下列结构之后也用动词-ing形式作宾语。be used to lead to devote to object to get down to pay attention to can t stand give up feel like insist on put off be int
5、erested in be fond of be good at spend in doing look forward to succeed in be busy in contribute tcthank you for apologize for forgive for have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)prevent/keep/stop fro irhave difficulty/trouble(in)doing My father is used to(go)to bed late and(get)up very early.I m looking
6、 forward to(receive)your reply.3.有些动词如：start,begin,continue等既可以接动词-ing形式也可以接不定式作 宾语，两者意义区别不大。4.在love,like,hate,prefer等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用 不定式作宾语指具体的动作。5.下列动词后接动词-ing形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。forget remember stop try mean regret can t help go on I remember(meet)her at a party once.I want to try(play)socce
7、r this spring.6.下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动 形式。need/want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/deserve to be done e.g.The bike needs(repair).在be worth结构中后面只能用动词-ing形式的主动语态来表示被动意义。e.g.His suggestion is worth(consider).三、动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的 作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态
8、。如：building materials=materials building 建筑材料 a walking stick=a stick walking 手杖 tiring music=music is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result=a result is surprising 个惊人的结果 2.-ing形式短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定 语从句。如：They lived in a room(face)the street.=They lived in a room that faces the street.The man(
9、stand)theres Peter s father.=The whon is standing thereis Peter s father.四、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的 动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：When we returned to the school,we found a stranger(stand)at the entrance.2.能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有 see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,
10、look at,listen to等。如：We saw a light(burn)in the window.I felt somebody(pat)me on the shoulder.2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有 have,set,keep,get,catch,leaver。如：I can gett the clock(go)again.I m sorry to havept you(wait).3.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区 别：前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。如：We passed
11、by the classroom and saw the teacher(make)the experiment.We sat an hour and watched the teacher(make)the experiment.五、动词-ing形式作表语 动词-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明 主语的身份、性质或情况。Her hobby is.她的业余爱好是画画。My job is the children.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。The news is quite.这消息很令人震惊。六、动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语可表示时间、条件、原因
12、、结果、方式、让步或伴随情 况等，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，动词-ing形式所表示的动作与主语之 间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。说出下列各句中动词-ing形式表示什么状语。1)Using your head,you ll find a good way.2)Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.3)Being poor,he couldn t afford a TV set.4)He came running back to tell me the news.5)(When)Hearing the news,h
13、e got frightened.6)The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作。(finish)his homework,David went to bed.(live)there for ten years,I knew the place very well.动词-ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加。(not see)Susan,I asked where she was.(not have)done it right,he tried again.Time
14、 permitting,I will pay a visit to the whole city.(分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主谓关系，所以只能 用独立主格结构，也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)e.g.I(wait)for the bus,a bird fell on my head.All the tickets(sell)out,they went away disappointedly.It(be)Sunday,there are no students in the school.有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修 饰整个
15、句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：Generally speaking 一般来说；judging by/from 从.判断；considering/taking into consideration/accOUntU e.g.(judge)from/by his accent,he comes from the south.非谓语动词巩固练习题 解题思路 解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被 动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；I用所给词的适当形式填空。1.The great
16、 hall was crowded with many people,(include)many children(seat)on their parents laps.2.It s said that the Olympic Games(hold)London in 2012 covered more events than any other Olympics had done.3.There(be)no rain for a long time,most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.4.Yesterday a str
17、eet-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly,(make)him a millionaire overnight.5.In the face of the big fire in October in California,many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out to escape(burn).6.Taking this medicine,if(continue),will of course do good to his health.7.The little boy still n
18、eeds the(remain)20 dollars to do with some things remaining(settle).8.(consider)his age,the little boy reads quite well.9.(judge)from the appearance,it is very peaceful,but in fact,a war will break out soon.10.Nobody enjoys(criticize)in the presence of others.11.The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into
19、 pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1,2003,(kill)all seven astronauts aboard.12.Don t sit there(do)nothing.Come and help me with this table.13.I was afraid(talk)back to my customers because I was afraid of(lose)them.14.I can t get my car(run)on cold mornings,so I have to try f
20、illing the radiator with some hot water.15.The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls(fly)in all directions before he was sent to sleep by his wife.16.When we got back from the cinema,we found the lamp(burn)on but the door(shut).17.We found the students seated at tables and had
21、 their eyes(fix)on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.18.A doctor can expect(call)at any hour of the day or night.19.The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door open,(stand)there for a while and then entered it.20.Mr.Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had(repa
22、ir)was nowhere to be seen.II单句改错 1.A lot of money has been spent to buy the book.2.You will have to pay the cost of send a postcard.3.What he did was puzzled.4.I will spend a week reading and prepare for the examination.5.Charles and Linda do all of these things as well as climbed buildings.6.Yester
23、day I had my bad tooth pulling out.7.I heard her singing a song which moved me to tears.8.I made a terrible mistake.I regretted not to take your advice.9.When we reached the top of the mountain,we stopped having a rest before we went down the mountain.10.There ll be a good film tonight,remember seei
24、ng it on time!11.The game was over,she went home.12.When speaking,you must make yourself hear.13.She pretended not seeing me when I came in.14.Abraham Lincoln was considered being one of the greatest of all American presidents.15.Following by the officers,the general inspected the army.16.There is s
25、omething wrong with my computer,and it needs repaired.17.Don t burn the falling leaves on the ground.18.Losing in thought,he almost ran into a car in front of him.19.I enjoy to listen to the classic music.20.Judge by what he wears,he is a farmer.答案 主语，宾语，表语，宾语补足语，定语，状语 doing being done having done h
26、aving been done Reading Going getting crying asking paying going getting receiving Meeting playing repairing/to be repaired considering for for that/which that/which facing standing standing burning patting going waiting making make painting looking after shocking 条件 伴随 原因 方式 时间，可以在分词前保留 when 结果 之前
27、Having finished Having lived not Not seeing Not having waiting having been sold being Judging 1.including;seated 2.held 3.being.4.making 5.being burned 6.continued 7.remaining;to be settled 8.Considering 9.Judging 10.being criticized 11.killing 12 doing 13.to talk;losing 14.running 15.flying;16.burn
28、ing;shut 17.fixed 18.to be called 19 stood 20.repaired【答案与解析】1.to buy 改为 buying。2.send改为sending。介词of后要求用动名词作宾语。3.puzzled改为puzzling。puzzling表示 冷人疑惑不解的”意思。4.prepare改为 preparing。preparing 和前面的 reading 是并歹U结构。5.climbed改为climbing。as well as是介词短语，后面接动名词或名词。6.pulling 改为 pulled。have the tooth pulled out 表示
29、情人拔牙”的意思。7.singing改为singo从后面可以看出来，我”听完了整首歌曲，强调动作的全过程，用 不定式作宾补。8.to take改为taking。用动名词表示对已发生过的事情的后悔。9.having 改为 to have。stop 的目的是 have a rest。10.seeing改为to see。还未看电影。11.was改为being o独立主格结构。12.hear改为heard。make oneself heard意为 使别人听到自己的话”。13.seeing改为to see。pretend后面要求接不定式作宾语。14.being改为to be。consider后用不定式作
30、宾补。15.following改为followed。过去分词表被动。16.repaired改为repairing o动名词主动形式，表被动意义。17.falling改为fallen。过去分词作定语，强调动作的完成。18.losing 改为 lost。be lost in thought 表示 陷入深思”。19.to listen改为listening。enjoy后面用动名词作宾语。20.Judge改为 Judging。Judging by 为一固定说法。那是心与心的交汇,是相视的莞 尔一笑，是一杯饮了半盏的酒，沉香在喉，甜润在心。红尘中，我们会相遇一些人，一些事，跌跌撞撞里，逐渐懂得了这世界，
31、懂得如何经营自己的内心，使它柔韧，更适应这风雨征途，而不会在过往的错失里纠结懊悔一生。时光若水，趟过岁月的河，那些旧日情怀，或温暖或痛楚，总会在心中烙下深深浅浅的痕。生命是一座时光驿站，人们在那里来来去去。一些人若长亭古道边的萋萋芳草，沦为泛泛之交;一些人却像深山断崖边的幽兰，只一株，便会馨香满谷。人生，唯有品格心性相似的人，才可以在锦瑟华年里相遇相知，互为欣赏，互为懂得，并沉淀下来，做一生的朋友。试问，你的生命里，有无来过这样一个人呢？张爱玲说 因为懂得，所以慈悲 于千万人群中，遇见你要遇见的人，没有早一步，也没有晚一步，四目相对，只淡淡的问候一句：哦！原来你也在这里，这便足够。世间最近与最遥远的距离，来自于心灵与心灵。相遇了，可以彼此陌生，人在咫尺心在天涯，也可初见如旧，眼光交汇的那一刻，抵得人间万般暖。