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1、2021 届北京市第四十五中学高三英语下学期期中试题及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A During ancient times,children didnt have smartphones,iPad or computers to entertain themselves.Instead,they came up with interesting games to play.Stone balls During the Qing Dynasty,k
2、icking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China,and it was often played in the winter to protect kids from the cold.Stones were carved into small balls and kicked along with feet.In 1999,the sport was included in the 6th National Ethnic Group Traditional Sports Meeting h
3、eld in Beijing.Flying kites Kites have quite a long history.The earliest kites were made of wood,instead of paper.Nowadays,the four most famous kites are the Beijing kite,Tianjin kite,Weifang kite and Nantong kite,of which each has distinctive features.The kite which resembles a swallow is a well-kn
4、own Beijing style.Hide-and-seek Hide-and-seek is a traditional game for children,popular around the nation.There are two ways to play:covering a childs eyes while other kids run around to tease(戏弄)him or,more commonly,participants hide and one child must try to find them.Playing diabolos A diabolo i
5、s always made of wood or bamboo and has empty space in the center.By juggling(边抛边接)the diabolo on the rope,the high-speed spinning diabolos will make a sound like a whistle.Playing diabolos is an interesting folk game,especially popular in North China.Playing diabolos was also included in the first
6、group of national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产).1.Why did ancient children often play stone balls in the winter?A.To practice their feet.B.To warm themselves.C.To train their skills.D.To relax themselves.2.Which kites are swallow-shaped?A.Weifang kites.B.Tianjin kites.C.Beijing kites.D.Nanto
7、ng kites.3.Why does playing diabolos make a sound?A.Because the diabolos center is empty.B.Because the high-speed spinning diabolo is light.C.Because the diabolo is equipped with a whistle.D.Because ropes surface moves against the diabolos.B Some years ago a young man applied to a large United State
8、s optical firm for a job as a lens designer.He apologized for lack of training,but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conradys Applied Optics and Optical Design,one for his office and a second for his bedside table,he was hired on the spot.Perhaps the story will be repeated some d
9、ay with Buchdahls Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as black boxes,although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the system
10、s and achieve these properties.Buchdahls book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics,but it is not about how to design lenses.It is,however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designers needs very much in mind.Every lens designer worth h
11、is salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems.Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory,as such,has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design.The failures have been
12、frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance.The indirect effects have been large,however,both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to oth
13、er,more practical,theoretical approaches.Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist,but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory.Buchdahls approach has,over the last decade,had a major impact o
14、n modern lens design with computers.Thus,he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.The author claims his book to be non-mathematical,and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician.From the poi
15、nt of view of many physicists and engineers,it will appear to be quite mathematical.Moreover,this is a tightly written book.The subject matter is developed with precision,and the author expects the reader,at very point,to be master of the preceding exposition.4.Hamiltonian theory met with failures a
16、s a result of _.A.newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light B.very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers C.too much mathematical detail in the theory D.not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters 5.The au
17、thor of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to _.A.the students who are major in mathematical geometry B.those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems C.the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs D.those who are intereste
18、d in physics 6.The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is _.A.indirect ways of learning mathematics B.a fundamental power within the theory C.the conceptual elegance of the theory D.the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old
19、 problems 7.This passage is probably excerpted from _.A.a review of a book B.a chemistry textbook C.an opticians essay D.a general science text C The outbreak of the novel corona virus pneumonia(NCP)has disrupted the lives and work of nearly every Chinese person.However,a new trend has been on the r
20、ise:many have turned themselves into livestreaming users orfollowers.According to Questmobile,a professional big data intelligence services provider in China,the audience for Douyin,Kuaishou and other livestreaming platforms surged to 574 million during the Spring Festival holiday,up 35 percent from
21、 2019.Confined at home,away from their friends and loved ones,people turn to livestreaming to reach out to the world.For them livestreaming can help them share their lives and interest with a global audience,which will give them the sense of being“in the moment”.Even as viewers,they can also engage
22、immediately with livestreamers by commenting and making suggestions.“When I comment on the livestreaming videos,Im not simply an audience member,but also an active part of the program.That gives me a sense of engagement,”an Internet user named Wang Hao told Peoples Daily.Livestreaming is not only fo
23、r fun,but also a new tool for many businesses.Affected by the pandemic,many businesses had to stop their sales in physical stores.To meet their business goals and survive during these trying times,many chose to livestream to revive their businesses.Joyoung,a leading maker of small kitchen appliances
24、,is a good example.The company not only added a number of broadcasts each day to advertise their products,but also shared the menus that were beneficial to health.“The responses to our livestreaming shows have been well beyond expectations,”Kang Li,who oversees the companys livestreaming unit,told C
25、hina daily.“Its a natural opportunity to truly bond with our followers.”Like it or not,livestreaming is likely to go mainstream in China for both entertainment and business.8.What is the purpose of writing the second paragraph?A.To introduce some popular livestreaming platforms in China.B.To report
26、data on the development of livestreaming in 2019.C.To show that Chinese people spend too much time on livestreaming apps.D.To prove that livestreaming are becoming increasingly popular in China.9.What does Wang Hao think of commenting on livestreaming?A.It is boring to make comments.B.It is the only
27、 way to share viewers lives.C.It makes people feel involved in the stream.D.It helps livestreamers improve themselves.10.What do paragraphs 5&6 mainly talk about?A.Livestreaming replaced physical stores in many areas.B.Many businesses turned to livestreaming platform for marketing.C.Livestreaming pl
28、atforms faced challenges during the pandemic.D.Livestreaming platforms made changes to their services.11.How does the author feel about thefuture of livestreaming？A.Positive.B.Uncertain.C.Disappointed.D.Confused.D Remember when your mom told you not to eat too many candy bars or sweets because they
29、can cause tooth decay(蛀牙)?However,it turns out that chocolate can be moresalutaryto your teeth than you might expect.Recent studies show that chocolate can effectively fight against tooth decay,as if we need another excuse to eat chocolate.Chocolate offers protection like fluoride,a main ingredient
30、in most household toothpastes.Not only does chocolate protect our teeth,but it can do so very effectively.Studies show that chocolate has compounds that provide strong protection for teeth.One of the compounds in chocolate,CBH,is shown to protect even more effectively than fluoride.Tooth decay happe
31、ns when bacteria work to turn sugar into acids in our mouth.This is why eating foods with high sugar content can lead to more tooth decay.The compounds in chocolate,however,are anti-bacteria and can fight against bacteria in your mouth.The CBH compound in particular also works to strengthen tooth en
32、amel(牙釉质),andprotects against tooth decay.Does this mean you can cat as much chocolate as you want without worrying about your teeth?It depends on the types of chocolate that you like.The protective effect of chocolate is most effective when you chew on cocoa beans.Of course,this option is not very
33、appealing to;most people.A more tasty option is to choose dark chocolate with little sugar content,ideally no more than 6 to 8 grams per serving.For other types of chocolate with higher sugar content,the effect will be lessened.However,because of the protective compounds,it is still better for your
34、teeth than other sweets and desserts containing the same amount of sugar.12.The word“salutary”in paragraph 1 means?A.Beneficial.B.Harmful.C.Familiar.D.Useless.13.What can we know about the compound CBH in chocolate?A.It can help chocolate cure tooth decay.B.It can effectively stop teeth from decayin
35、g.C.It may protect teeth better than toothpastes do.D.It may soon replace most household toothpastes.14.How does chocolate fight tooth decay?A.By breaking down acids.B.By building up compounds.C.By fixing up tooth enamel.D.By fighting against bacteria.15.Whats the main idea of the text?A.Chocolate p
36、lays the role of toothpaste.B.Chocolate protects against tooth decay.C.Chocolate is the best choice for teeth protection.D.Chocolate is healthier to teeth than other sweets.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Memories are important,but as we age our memory declines.T
37、he good news is that scientists have been learning more about our brains amazing ability to change and grow,even in old age._16_ Learn something new.Memorystrength is like muscular strength.The more you use it,the stronger it gets.But you cant lift the same size weight every day and expect to get st
38、ronger.Youll need to keep your brain constantly challenged._17_ Repeat and retrieve(找回).When you learn new information,youre more likely to record that information if its repeated.Repeat what you hear out loud._18_Write it down and read it aloud.But the work doesnt stop there.Youll need to try to re
39、trieve the information without looking at it later.Testing yourself to retrieve the information is better than repeated studying.Drink water.Water acts as a shock absorber for the brain._19_A small amount of dehydration(脱水)can have disastrous(灾难性的)effects.Mild dehydration has been shown to cause bra
40、in shrinkage and memory damage.Aim for at least eight to ten glasses per day._20_ Another common mistake is relying on the GPS every time you drive.Researchers found relying on response techniques for navigation shrinks a part of our brain.Try to get to your destination using your brain.Perhaps use
41、GPS to get there,but use your brain to get back home.Your brain will thank you for the extra challenge.A.Lose the GPS.B.Try using it in a sentence.C.Dont turn toGoogle right away.D.It helps our brain cells use nutrients.E.Learning a new skill is an excellent way.F.Research shows that repetition is a
42、n ineffective learning tool.G.The following are some effective methods for improving memory.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 完型填空 Its a rare thing now to get into a new neighborhood and find yourself welcomed by the locals.Yet,Katie and Pa
43、trick Smith were accepted with truly_21_when they relocated to Newton.The residents_22_with plates of cookies and dishes.Katie got pregnant before the_23_and within months of settling in,she gave birth to Rebecca._24_,tests discovered Rebecca was born deaf.The Smiths knew_25_Rebecca was going to tak
44、e some serious work and_26_.The neighborhood was still_27_to welcome Rebecca with them,but they realized what a(n)_28_the situation was for her parents.They wanted to make things_29_for the family.Learning sign language to help Rebecca learn to_30_as she grew was a great idea.The neighborhood agreed
45、 to_31_the task of mastering an entirely second language for the_32_of their youngest member,although it was indeed_33_.When 3-month-old Rebecca learned at a center for the deaf,the 18 residents_34_an instructor,who would help get all of them to be_35_in Rebeccas growth.Neighbors kept things_36_for
46、as long as possible to give the Smiths a surprise.They wanted_37_to interact with Rebecca.Finally,the time came to show the Smiths what theyd_38_.As soon as the family arrived,they found the welcoming_39_of their neighbors surrounded them.Now at every tum,in the street or the grocery store,Rebecca f
47、eels_40_special language shes part of this community.21.A.watery eyes B.firm mouths C.loose tongues D.open arms 22.A.stepped in B.came over C.ran off D.held on 23.A.move B.test C.gathering D.visit 24.A.Eventually B.Unfortunately C.Consequently D.Obviously 25.A.curing B.defending C.raising D.hearing
48、26.A.donation B.connection C.assessment D.commitment 27.A.surprised B.disappointed C.excited D.worried 28.A.struggle B.urgency C.accident D.tension 29.A.more effective B.more helpful C.quieter D.easier 30.A.communicate B.survive C.compete D.follow 31.A.find out B.take on C.hand out D.pass on 32.A.pr
49、otection B.recovery C.benefit D.support 33.A.pleasant B.necessary C.meaningful D.challenging 34.A.hired B.interviewed C.trusted D.recommended 35.A.volunteers B.teachers C.witnesses D.participants 36.A.brief B.secret C.consistent D.smooth 37.A.gradually B.desperately C.hurriedly D.naturally 38.A.over
50、came B.devoted C.accomplished D.advocated 39.A.smiles B.atmosphere C.signs D.applause 40.A.included B.understood C.needed D.recognized 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Peking Opera is a form of traditional Chinese theater that_41._(appear)in Beijing in the late 18th ce