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1、句子简化题(SentenceSimplificationQuestion)(1)句子简化题简介和提问方式(2)句子简化的两个层面:语义和逻辑(3)常见的逻辑关系转换-四大“明显”/“隐含”关系第1页/共13页否定明显否定关系的特色词汇:no,not,none,never,neither,deny隐含否定关系的特色词汇:failto,absentfrom,lack,lackof,refuse,few,little,否定词缀less.第2页/共13页因果明显因果关系的特色词汇:because,becauseof,since,for,as,dueto,owingto,inthat,so,sothat
2、,asaresult,therefore,thereby,hence,consequently,accordingly.隐含因果关系的特色词汇:a.表示导致含义:lead to,cause,result,result in,give rise to,render,produce,make,使役动词（let,leave,keep,help,have),support,stimulate,spur,spark,fuel,motivate,prompt.第3页/共13页b.由而来:comefrom,resultfrom,originate,derivefrom,initiatefrom,stemfr
3、om,beattributableto,beresponsiveto.c.反映,体现:reflect,present,suggest,show,imply,demonstrate.d.考虑到,依赖:give,considering,on account of,in view of,thanks to,according to,rely on,depend on,resort to.e.条件关系:if,when,while,as,as soon as,as long as,虚拟条件句.第4页/共13页比较明显比较关系的特色词汇:同级比较比较级隐含比较关系的特色词汇:a.“变化”:change,v
4、ary,alter,modify,revise,increase,decrease,destroy,develop,improve,progress,advance,grow,degenerate,continue,remain,stay,stable,still.b.“差异”:same,different.c.“超越”:surpass,exceed,transcend,excel第5页/共13页最高级绝对化明显最高级/绝对化关系的特色词汇:-est/比较级隐含最高级绝对化关系的特色词汇:a.自身含有最高级含义:maximum,minimum,outstanding,extreme.b.否定加
5、比较:nothing can be better than thatc.程 度 较 深 的 词:surprisingly,amazingly,prohibitively(修饰价格的high)第6页/共13页As-因为：asheislate,heispuished.作为：asadoctor,hesavesnumerouspeople.随着：asthesocietydevelops,povertyhasvanishedgradually.像：theboyisasbraveashisPAPA.第7页/共13页Importingthegrain,whichwouldhavebeenexpensivea
6、ndtimeconsumingfortheDutchtohaveproducedthemselves,keptthepriceofgrainlowandthusstimulatedindividualdemandforotherfoodstuffsandconsumergoods.BuyingimportedgrainledtotheDutchdemandingthatotherfoodstuffsandconsumergoodsbeimported.BecausetheDutchwereabletoimportinexpensivegrain,theyhadmoneyavailabletoc
7、reateademandforotherfoodproductsandconsumergoods.KeepingthepriceofgrainlowwasaprimarygoaloftheDutchatatimewhentheycouldnotproduceenoughgraintoprovideforalltheirneeds.ThedemandforotherfoodstuffsandconsumergoodsforcedtheDutchtoimportgrainandotherproductsatatimewhenmaintaininglowpriceswasespeciallyimpo
8、rtant.2第8页/共13页Thefrequencywithwhichcertainsimplemotifsappearintheseoldestsiteshasledrock-artresearcherstoadoptadescriptivetermthePanaramiteestyle-alabelwhichtakesitsnamefromtheextensiverockpavementsatPanaramiteeNorthindesertSouthAustralia,whicharecoveredwithmotifspeckedintothesurface.1.Theoldestroc
9、kartsiteshavesimplermotifsthanthebestknownsitesofPanaramiteeNorth.2.BecausemotifsprimarilyassociatedwiththePanaramiteeregionarecommonintheoldestsitesthetermPanaramiteestylehasbecomethegeneraltermforrockartofthistype.3.BecausethePanaramiteestyleissocommonintheoldersites,researchershavedescribeditmost
10、extensively.4.ThemotifscarvedintherockysurfaceofthePanaramiteeregionmakeuptheoldestformofrockartdiscoveredinAustralia.答案：(2)第9页/共13页TheamountofairexchangedisevenlowerinREMthanNREMbecause,althoughbreathingismorerapidinREM,itisalsomoreirregular,withbriefepisodesofshallowbreathingorabsenceofbreathing.B
11、ecausebreathingismoreshallowandirregularinREMthaninNREM,lessairisexchangedinREM.BreathinginNREMislesseffectivethanbreathinginREMbecauseofirregularepisodesofrapidbreathingduringNREM.BecausebreathingismorerapidinNREMsleepthaninREMsleep,breathingoftenbecomesshallow.AlthoughREMhasbriefepisodesofshallowb
12、reathingorlackofbreathing,breathingismorerapidthaninNREM.答案：(1)第10页/共13页Somescholarsexpandonthisideabyemphasizingacorrespondingneedforarablelandtofeedgrowingnumbersofpeople:constructionofsmalldams,reservoirs,terraces,andfieldhousesindicatesthatfarmerswereintensifyingtheireffortsduringthe1200s.Compet
13、itionforgoodfarmlandmayalsohavepromptedpeopletobondtogethertoassertrightsoverthebestfields.Somescholarsevenclaimthattheintensificationoffarmersvariouseffortsduringthe1200sledtofurtherpopulationgrowthandtheconsequentneedformorearableland.Evidenceofintensifyingagricultureinthe1200sindicatesaneedtofeed
14、alargerpopulationandsoextendstheargumentthatagrowingpopulationwasthecauseofthemovetopueblos.Duringthe1200s,farmersmetthedemandformorearableland,buttheyalsosucceededincultivatingexistinglandmoreintensivelywiththehelpofagriculturalconstructionprojects.Somescholarsfeelstronglythattheconstructionofsmalldams,reservoirs,terraces,andfieldhousesinthethirteenthcenturyisindependentevidenceforgrowthinthenumberofpeople.答案：(2)第11页/共13页第12页/共13页感谢您的观看！第13页/共13页