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1、精品_精品资料_高中英语选修六1-6 单元学问点归纳Module 1【词条 1】lack【点拨】 lack 动词, 意为 缺乏,没有 .如:He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm.【拓展】1. lack 的常用短语有 :be lacking 欠缺,缺乏 .be lacking in 缺乏某种品质、特点等 .lack for nothing 应有尽有 .如:Money for the project is stil
2、l lacking. I think the film is lacking in pace.They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing.2. lack 仍可作名词 ,常与 of 连用,意为缺乏,没有 .for lack of 由于缺乏.如: The work had to be stopped for lack of funds.The flowers withered for lack of water.【词条 2】reply【点拨】名词 ,意为 回答,答复, 常与介词 to 连用.如 : Is it a reply t
3、o the first or the second letter.To my anger, she made no reply to my question.其常用在短语 in reply to 中,意为 作为对的回答 ,回复 .如: What did he do in reply to your challenge.【拓展】 reply 也可作动词 ,意为 回答,答复,reply to . / that . .如:The teacher gave me no chance to reply to her question. Lily replied that she knew nothing
4、 about it.【词条 3】apology【点拨】apology 名词,意为 赔礼,歉意, 常用于短语 :offer / make an apology to sb.向某人赔礼 , accept an apology接受赔礼 .如:It s impolite of you to leave without a word of apology. In my judgment, we should accept their apology.You d better make an apology for your absence.【拓展】其动词形式为apologize,意为 赔礼,表示歉意 ,
5、常用短语为 : apologize to sb.for sth.因某事 向某人赔礼 .如:I must apologize for not being able to meet you that day.I think Tom might have apologized to Jane for what he did.经典短语透视【短语 1】think of【点拨】 think of 可意为 想起,想出 .如: The photo made me think of my child-hood. It was Tom who thought of the good plan.可编辑资料 - -
6、- 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_【拓展】 think 的其他常用短语 :1. think highly / much of重视,高度颂扬.如 :All the teachers think highly of John because he is very smart and kind.2. think about 考虑.如 :I was thinking about something else and missed your words.3. think over 认真考虑.如 :Please think the plan over and let me know your decision
7、tomorrow.【短语 2】in addition【点拨】 in addition 意为 另外,此外 .如:I write my own songs and I play the guitar in addition.You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence.【拓展】in addition to除之外 仍有,to 为介词 ,后接名词或动词 -ing 形式.如: His brother can speak three foreign languages in addition to English.besides也意为 除
8、之外 仍有.如:The play was badly acted, besides being far too long.【短语 3】leave out【点拨】 leave out意为 省去,删去 .如:In Western countries, people usually leave out No. 13 as the number is thought unlucky.You can leave out the unnecessary words when writing down the notes.【拓展】1. leave out仍可意为 漏掉,遗漏 .如:Decide with y
9、ou partner which words have been left out.2. 与 leave 相关的常用短语 :leave behind遗留,留下It left behind a long train of problems and difficulties. leave over剩余,暂不解决We shall have to leave the question over till the next meeting. leave alone别管,不理睬If I were you, I d leave this question alone.【短语 4】show off【点拨】 s
10、how off 意为 炫耀 .如:Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls. His brother likes to show off his knowledge in public.【拓展】与 show 相关的常用短语 :show sb. around领某人参观The headmaster showed us around the school. show up 出席,到场The party is about to begin, but Mr. Wang hasn t shown up.可编辑资料 - - - 欢
11、迎下载精品_精品资料_热点语法聚焦didnt need to do和 neednt have done都有 过去不必做某事 的意思 ,但是didnt need to 表示 过去没有必要做某事 ,事实上也没做 .neednt have done表示过去原来不必做某事 ,实际上却做了 .如:I didn t need to take a taxi from th-epoarirt there was a bus all the way into the city. I needn t have booked in advance; there were plenty of tickets left
12、.此外,要留意 need的其它用法 :need可作实义动词 ,也可作情态动词.1. 作实义动词时 , need有人称和数的变化 ,后可以接名词、代词、动词不定式和动名词等 ,否定式要在前面加dont doesnt, didnt,疑问句用 do does, did提问.如 :The company needs some good salesmen.His broken car needs to be repaired. = His broken car needs repairing.2. 作情态动词时 ,need没有人称和数的变化 ,后接动词原形 ,否定式为 neednt,常用在否定句和疑问句
13、中.如:You needn t worry about him. He is very mature now. Need I stay another day. Yes, you must.Module 2【词条 1】behave【点拨】 behave 用作不及物动词 ,意为 举止或行为 表现 .如: She has been behaving very politely.另外,behave仍可意为 举止得体.守法规 , 常和反身代词连用.如 :Can t you make youlirttle child behave himself.【拓展】 well- / ill- / badly-be
14、haved adj. 表现得好的 /不好的. behavior n.行为,举止如:He is thought to be a well-behaved child.She was ashamed of her children s bad behavior.【词条 2】appeal【点拨】 appeal可用作名词 ,意为吸引力 ,感染力 .如: Films of this sort have lost their appeal for me.【拓展】1. appeal用作名词时 ,仍可意为 呼吁,恳求 .如: His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered
15、.An appeal is being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake.2. appeal仍可用作动词 , 意为引起爱好.呼吁 ,恳求, 常跟介词 to 连用.如 : Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you.Thepoliceare appealing to the public for any information about this.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_【词条 3】awake【点拨】 awake 可用作形容词 ,意
16、为 醒着的 .如: I have lain awake all night thinking over the problem.留意 :awake 是表语形容词 ,不能用于名词前作定语.类似的形容词仍有asleep,alive, aware 等.【拓展】 awake awoke, awoken 可作不及物动词 ,意为 醒来,这时与 wake up 意义相近. awake 也可作及物动词 ,意为 唤醒,叫醒.唤起 记忆.激起 情感 .如:I awake to the ringing of an electric bell every day. The thunder awoke me last
17、night.His father tried to awake him to a sense of duty. Nothing can awake her interest in foot-ball.经典短语透视【短语 1】ahead of【点拨】 ahead of意为 在之前 .如:The time here is nine hours ahead of London. Ahead of us was a narrow and muddy road.【拓展】 ahead of仍可意为 赛过,优于. 数量、价格等 超过 .如:In management, our company is well
18、 ahead of theirs. Their pay offer was well ahead of inflation.【短语 2】holdout【点拨】 hold out 可意为 伸出,拿出 .如:When I arrived, Mary held out her hand in welcome.【拓展】 hold out 仍可意为 维护.坚持 抗击 .如:We were short of water but it could hold out for another day. They held out against the enemy for two days and nights
19、.The town was surrounded, but the citizens held out until help at last came.【短语 3】putdown【点拨】 put down 可意为 放下.如:Put down that knife before you hurt somebody.【拓展】1. put down 仍可意为 写下,登记.镇压.毁灭 .如: Put down your notes at the bottom of the paper.The uprising was put down three days later. cant put sth. d
20、own 爱不释手.不忍释卷.如:It is an interesting story and he can t put it down until he has finished reading it.2. 与 put 相关的常用短语 :put out 出版.生产. 使熄灭 ,扑灭. put up 树立. put off推迟. put aside 把搁在一边. put forward 提出. put up with 容忍.如 : Be sure to put out the light before you go to bed.The building will be put up in th
21、e centre of the campus. Don t put off till tomorrow what can be done today.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He put aside his work to spend more time with his family. He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.I could hardly put up with the child any longer.热点语法聚焦动词的 -ing 形式作状语可表示时间、缘由、条件、结果、让步、方式、相
22、伴或对谓语加以补充说明等.如 :While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 时间It rained for two weeks, completely ruining the crops. 结果Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the post office right before you. 条件Being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help让. 步 We Chinese eat our food using
23、chopsticks.方 式Notknowinghowtodealwiththeproblem,theboyturnedto his teacher. 原因Laughing and talking loudly, we left the party. 相伴【难点点拨】1. 现在分词作状语时,其规律主语必需与句子的主语一样,它所表示的动作应当是句中主语所发出的动作,即现在分词和句子主语之间构成主动关系.如:Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a full view of the country.we 与 see之间是主动关系 2. 现在分词作状
24、语时 ,其前可加 while, when, after, before, though, unless等连词 ,on,upon 等介词或 thus, completely 等副词.如 :While doing the experiment, we discovered the new chemical. Take the medicine three times a day after having each meal. On hearing the news, she rushed out the room.My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus c
25、ausing the delay.3. 有时用 with / without+宾语+ 现在分词 结构作状语.如 : I couldn t focus my attention with that noise going on.4. 当现在分词的规律主语与主句的主语不一样时,现在分词必需有自己的主语.如:Weather permitting, the sports meet will be held next Friday.Module 3【词条 1】raise【点拨】 vt. 可意为 招募,筹措金钱 .如: It voted to raise 100,000 troops immediatel
26、y.He asked me to write a leaflet to raise money for Hope Schools.【拓展】 raise仍可意为 举起.增加 ,提高.提出.抚养 ,饲养.引起 .如: The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.The boss has promised to raise their pay. He was so angry as to raise his voice.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The question was raised at the meeting.
27、 I was raised by my aunt on a farm. The discussion raised our interest.【辨析】 raise rise 两者都可以表示 上升.增长 之意,不同的是 raise 是及物动词,rise 是不及物动词.如 :On Monday morning, we were watching the children raising the national flag and we saw it rising slowly in the wind.【词条 2】regret【点拨】 regret 可用作动词 ,意为 懊悔,惋惜.遗憾 , 后接名词
28、、代词、 that 从句、不定式、动名词等.如 :I regret my refusal to his invitation. I regret that I can t attend the party.We regret to inform you that you failed again. We have deeply regretted selling the farm.留意:其后接动词 -ing 形式和动词不定式时意思有区分.试体会:I regret to tell you that I have no news for you. 遗憾要做某事 I regret telling T
29、om the truth. 懊悔做了某事 【拓展】 regret 也可作名词 ,意为 遗憾,懊悔.歉意 .如:We decided with great regret that we couldn t offer you the position. feel no regret at对不感到遗憾much to ones regret使某人特别遗憾的是express one s regret at对表示遗憾【词条 3】forgive【点拨】vt. vi. 意为原谅,宽恕,常用于结构 forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth.,也可以接双宾语.如 :I will never
30、 forgive you for what you ve ever done to me. Eventually, she forgave him the bad behavior.【拓展】forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕,宽恕 forgiving adj.宽大的 ,慈爱的经典短语透视【短语 1】keep in touch with【点拨】 keep in touch withsb.意为 与某人 保持联系 , 也可写作 stay / be in touch with sb.如:This is my card. Let s keep in touch.I ve kept in touch
31、with most of my classmates in the middle school.【拓展】与 touch 相关的常见搭配仍有 :get in touch with 与取得联系 .lose touch with / be out of touch with与失去 /没有联系 .如:We have lost touch with John since we moved to Japan.Write to me as often as you can. I don t want to lose touch with you.【短语 2】knock over【点拨】 knock over
32、 意为 撞倒,击倒 .如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A drunken driver knocked over nine people, causing five deaths.【拓展】与 knock 相关的短语仍有 :knock down打倒,推倒.knock off 停止,中断 .knock out 击败,击倒 .如:He knocked Tom down with one blow of his fist. We knocked off work for tea.Our team was knocked out in the first part of the co
33、mpetition.【短语 3】make up【点拨】 make up可意为 和好 .如:I found it hard to make up with Joan after we quarreled about the beautiful stamp.【拓展】 make up仍有以下常用意思 :You shouldnt believe him. He is making the whole thing up. 编造 Whoever attends the ball is supposed to make up化. 妆You must make up the work you missed.补
34、 上热点语法聚焦1. 非谓语动词的完成式having done的用法非谓语动词的完成式having done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作.其否定式为not having done.如:Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.分词的被动式表示它的规律主语是-ing 分词动作的承担者.依据-ing 分词动作发生的时间,-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式being done和完
35、成被动式having been done.如:He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. The question being discussed is very important.2. 非谓语动词的 -ing 形式和 to do 形式的区分有些动词既能接不定式 ,又能接 -ing 形式 ,含义有所不同.如 :(1) forget, remember, regret 等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接 -ing 形式作宾语表示动名词动作先于谓语动作.如:Do you remember s
36、eeing me before.你记得以前见过我吗？ Remember to lock the door when you leave.离开时要记得锁门.(2) 动词 mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语,意思也有所不同.如 :I mean to change it for another one.我想换成另外一个.Missing the train means waiting for another hour.误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时.(3) 动词allow,advise,forbid,permit等可直接跟-ing 形式作宾语 ,不行以接动词
37、不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语.如: Please permit me to say a few words请. 答应我说几句话.We dont permit smoking here. 我们这儿不答应吸烟.(4) 动词 need, require, want作 需要 解时 ,后面接 -ing 分词或不定式被动式.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_如:These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully.这些小孩需要细心的照管.(5) 动词 like, ha
38、te, prefer 等后面 ,如表示一般性动作 ,多用-ing 形式.如指特定的详细的某次动作 ,多用不定式.如 :I like swimming, but I don t like to swim with you.我喜爱游泳 ,但我不喜爱和你一起游泳.Module 4【词条 1】combine【点拨】 combine vi. / vt.联合,结合,合并.常用作结构combine . with .把与结合 .如:The two countries combined against their common enemy.He combined his scientific knowledge
39、 with his friendbussiness skilland started a company.His efforts, combined with his determination, helped him achieve great success.【拓展】 combination n. 联合,合作, 结合 combined adj. 组合的 ,结合的【词条 2】relax【点拨】 relax vi. / vt.放松,使轻松.如 :The doctor told him to relax a week or so before going back to work. This e
40、quipment will help relax your muscles.【拓展】 relax 仍可意为 放宽.使放松 .如:They relaxed the regulations after the reform. relaxed adj. 放松的 ,镇静的 relaxing adj. 令人放松的She had a very relaxed manner. It s really a relaxing walk.【词条 3】present【点拨】 present可用作动词 ,意为 赠送.颁发 奖品等 .提出 .如:When Mr. Smith left our company; our
41、manager presented him with a golden watch. The winner was presented with the prize by the chairman.【拓展】1. present作名词 ,可意为 礼物,赠品.现在 ,目前.如:I don t want all these books; I ll make you a present of them. She is busy at present, and she can t speak to you.Let s leave things as they are for the present.2.
42、 present作形容词 ,意为 出席的 ,在场的.目前的 ,现在的 .如: It s unfair to discuss his case if he isn t present.The present situation seems to be in their favor.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_经典短语透视【短语 1】in addition to【点拨】in addition to 意为除之外 仍有, 其中 to 为介词 ,所以后面要跟名词、代词和动名词等.如 :In additionto giving a general introduction to com
43、puters, the course also pro-vides practical experience.【拓展】1. besides作介词时 ,和其意思和用法相同.如: We have lots of things in common besides dance.2. in addition 相当于副词 ,可译为 另外,加之 .如:You need money and time; in addition, you need intelligence.【短语 2】draw upon / on【点拨】 draw upon / on 意为 凭借,利用 .如:Rereadyourpreviou
44、s essays for ideas and information, which you may want to draw upon.A writer has to draw upon his imagination and experience.【拓展】 draw on / upon 仍可意为 接近,时间慢慢过去 .如: Winter is drawing on.It grew colder as night drew on.【短语 3】be true of【点拨】 be true of 意为 某种情形 适用于 ,相宜于 .如: This principle is true of ever
45、ybody.The food is good and the same is true of the service.【拓展】依据以下例句体会与true 相关短语的意义 : The picture is true to life. 逼真He is always true to his promise. 信守My father said I should be a lawyer and it has come true.实 现热点语法聚焦一、现在完成进行时由 has / have been +动词-ing 构成,其主要用法有 :1. 表示动作从过去开头始终连续到说话时,并且仍有可能连续下去. 这一用法常和表示一段时间的状语,如:For three years, all this time, all one s life, all the morning, these few weeks.以及由 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用.如: He s been watching television all day.I have been teaching in the middle school for ten years.2. 表示从过去某