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1、外研版高中英语选修六1-6 单元知识点归纳Module 1 【词条 1】lack 【点拨】 lack 动词, 意为缺乏,没有。如: He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence. What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm. 【拓展】1. lack 的常用短语有 :be lacking欠缺,缺乏；be lacking in缺乏(某种品质、特点等)；lack (for) nothing应有尽有 。如: Money for the project is still
2、lacking. I think the film is lacking in pace. They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing. 2. lack 还可作名词 ,常与 of 连用,意为缺乏,没有。 for lack of 因为缺乏 。 如: The work had to be stopped for lack of funds. The flowers withered for lack of water. 【词条 2】reply 【点拨】名词 ,意为回答,答复,常与介词 to 连用。如 : Is it a repl
3、y to the first or the second letter? To my anger, she made no reply to my question. 其常用在短语 in reply to 中,意为作为对的回答 ,回复。如: What did he do in reply to your challenge? 【拓展】 reply 也可作动词 ,意为回答,答复,reply (to . / that .) 。如: The teacher gave me no chance to reply to her question. Lily replied that she knew n
4、othing about it. 【词条 3】apology 【点拨】apology 名词,意为道歉,歉意,常用于短语 :offer / make an apology to sb.向某人道歉 , accept an apology 接受道歉 。如: It s impolite of you to leave without a word of apology.In my judgment, we should accept their apology. Youd better make an apology for your absence.【拓展】其动词形式为apologize,意为 道歉
5、,表示歉意 ,常用短语为 : apologize to sb.(for sth.)(因某事 )向某人道歉 。如: I must apologize for not being able to meet you that day. I think Tom might have apologized to Jane for what he did. 经典短语透视【短语 1】think of 【点拨】 think of 可意为 想起,想出。如: The photo made me think of my child-hood. It was Tom who thought of the good p
6、lan. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 16 页【拓展】 think 的其他常用短语 : 1. think highly / much of 重视,高度赞扬。如 : All the teachers think highly of John because he is very smart and kind. 2. think about 考虑。如 : I was thinking about something else and missed your words. 3. think over 仔细考虑。如 : Pl
7、ease think the plan over and let me know your decision tomorrow. 【短语 2】in addition 【点拨】 in addition 意为另外,此外。如: I write my own songs and I play the guitar in addition. You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence. 【拓展】in addition to 除之外 (还有),to 为介词 ,后接名词或动词 -ing 形式。如: His brother can spea
8、k three foreign languages in addition to English. besides也意为 除之外 (还有)。如: The play was badly acted, besides being far too long. 【短语 3】leave out 【点拨】 leave out意为省去,删去。如: In Western countries, people usually leave out No. 13 as the number is thought unlucky. You can leave out the unnecessary words when
9、 writing down the notes. 【拓展】1. leave out还可意为 漏掉,遗漏。如: Decide with you partner which words have been left out. 2. 与 leave相关的常用短语 :leave behind遗留,留下It left behind a long train of problems and difficulties. leave over剩余,暂不解决We shall have to leave the question over till the next meeting. leave alone别管,
10、不理会If I were you, Id leave this question alone.【短语 4】show off 【点拨】 show off 意为炫耀。如: Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls. His brother likes to show off his knowledge in public. 【拓展】与 show 相关的常用短语 : show sb. around领某人参观The headmaster showed us around the school. show up出席,到场The
11、 party is about to begin, but Mr. Wang hasnt shown up.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 16 页热点语法聚焦didnt need to do和 needn t have done都有过去不必做某事 的意思 ,但是didnt need to表示过去没有必要做某事 ,事实上也没做 ；needn t have done表示过去本来不必做某事 ,实际上却做了 。如: I didnt need to take a taxi from the air-port there was
12、a bus all the way into the city. I needn t have booked in advance; there were plenty of tickets left. 此外,要注意 need的其它用法 : need可作实义动词 ,也可作情态动词。1. 作实义动词时 , need有人称和数的变化 ,后可以接名词、代词、动词不定式和动名词等 ,否定式要在前面加don t (doesn t, didn t),疑问句用 do (does, did) 提问。如 : The company needs some good salesmen. His broken car
13、 needs to be repaired. = His broken car needs repairing. 2. 作情态动词时 ,need没有人称和数的变化 ,后接动词原形 ,否定式为 needn t,常用在否定句和疑问句中。如: You needn t worry about him. He is very mature now.Need I stay another day? Yes, you must. Module 2 【词条 1】behave 【点拨】 behave 用作不及物动词 ,意为(举止或行为 )表现。如: She has been behaving very poli
14、tely. 另外,behave还可意为 举止得体；守规矩 ,常和反身代词连用。如 : Cant you make your little child behave himself? 【拓展】 well- / ill- / badly-behaved adj. 表现得好的 /不好的； behavior n.行为,举止如: He is thought to be a well-behaved child. She was ashamed of her childrens bad behavior.【词条 2】appeal 【点拨】 appeal可用作名词 ,意为吸引力 ,感染力。如: Films
15、of this sort have lost their appeal for me. 【拓展】1. appeal用作名词时 ,还可意为 呼吁,请求。如: His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered. An appeal is being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake. 2. appeal还可用作动词 , 意为引起兴趣；呼吁 ,请求,常跟介词 to 连用。如 : Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you? T
16、he police are appealing to the public for any information about this. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 16 页【词条 3】awake 【点拨】 awake 可用作形容词 ,意为醒着的 。如: I have lain awake all night thinking over the problem. 注意 :awake 是表语形容词 ,不能用于名词前作定语。类似的形容词还有asleep, alive, aware等。【拓展】 awake (awoke,
17、 awoken) 可作不及物动词 ,意为醒来,这时与 wake up 意义相近； awake也可作及物动词 ,意为唤醒,叫醒；唤起 (记忆)；激起 (情感)。如: I awake to the ringing of an electric bell every day. The thunder awoke me last night. His father tried to awake him to a sense of duty. Nothing can awake her interest in foot-ball. 经典短语透视【短语 1】ahead of 【点拨】 ahead of意为
18、在之前 。如: The time here is nine hours ahead of London. Ahead of us was a narrow and muddy road. 【拓展】 ahead of还可意为 胜过,优于； (数量、价格等 )超过。如: In management, our company is well ahead of theirs. Their pay offer was well ahead of inflation. 【短语 2】holdout 【点拨】 hold out 可意为 伸出,拿出。如: When I arrived, Mary held ou
19、t her hand in welcome. 【拓展】 hold out 还可意为 维持；坚持 (抵抗)。如: We were short of water but it could hold out for another day. They held out against the enemy for two days and nights. The town was surrounded, but the citizens held out until help at last came. 【短语 3】putdown 【点拨】 put down 可意为 放下。如: Put down th
20、at knife before you hurt somebody! 【拓展】1. put down 还可意为 写下,记下；镇压；消灭 。如: Put down your notes at the bottom of the paper. The uprising was put down three days later. cant put sth. down 爱不释手；不忍释卷。如 : It is an interesting story and he cant put it down until he has finished reading it.2. 与 put 相关的常用短语 :p
21、ut out 出版；生产； 使熄灭 ,扑灭；put up树立；put off推迟； put aside 把搁在一边； put forward 提出；put up with 容忍。如 : Be sure to put out the light before you go to bed. The building will be put up in the centre of the campus. Dont put off till tomorrow what can be done today.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4
22、页，共 16 页He put aside his work to spend more time with his family. He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting. I could hardly put up with the child any longer. 热点语法聚焦动词的 -ing 形式作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、伴随或对谓语加以补充说明等。如 : While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. ( 时间) It rained for
23、 two weeks, completely ruining the crops. ( 结果) Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the post office right before you. ( 条件) Being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help. (让步) We Chinese eat our food using chopsticks. ( 方式) Not knowing how to deal with the problem, the boy turned
24、 to his teacher. ( 原因) Laughing and talking loudly, we left the party. (伴随) 【难点点拨】1. 现在分词作状语时 ,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,它所表示的动作应该是句中主语所发出的动作,即现在分词和句子主语之间构成主动关系。如: Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a full view of the country. (we 与 see之间是主动关系 ) 2. 现在分词作状语时 ,其前可加 while, when, after, before, though, u
25、nless 等连词 ,on, upon等介词或 thus, completely等副词。如 : While doing the experiment, we discovered the new chemical. Take the medicine three times a day after having each meal. On hearing the news, she rushed out the room. My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. 3. 有时用 (with / without)+ 宾
26、语+ 现在分词 结构作状语。如 : I couldnt focus my attention with that noise going on.4. 当现在分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,现在分词必须有自己的主语。如: Weather permitting, the sports meet will be held next Friday. Module 3 【词条 1】raise 【点拨】 vt. 可意为招募,筹措(金钱)。如: It voted to raise 100,000 troops immediately. He asked me to write a leaflet to
27、raise money for Hope Schools. 【拓展】 raise还可意为 举起；增加 ,提高；提出；抚养 ,饲养；引起 。如: The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. The boss has promised to raise their pay. He was so angry as to raise his voice. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 16 页The question was raised at the meeting.
28、 I was raised by my aunt on a farm. The discussion raised our interest. 【辨析】 raise rise 两者都可以表示 上升；增长 之意,不同的是 raise是及物动词,rise是不及物动词。如 : On Monday morning, we were watching the children raising the national flag and we saw it rising slowly in the wind. 【词条 2】regret 【点拨】 regret可用作动词 ,意为懊悔,惋惜；遗憾 ,后接名词、
29、代词、 that 从句、不定式、动名词等。如 : I regret my refusal to his invitation. I regret that I cant attend the party.We regret to inform you that you failed again. We have deeply regretted selling the farm. 注意:其后接动词 -ing 形式和动词不定式时意思有区别。试体会: I regret to tell you that I have no news for you. ( 遗憾要做某事 ) I regret tell
30、ing Tom the truth. (后悔做了某事 ) 【拓展】 regret也可作名词 ,意为遗憾,后悔；歉意 。如: We decided with great regret that we couldnt offer you the position.feel no regret at对不感到遗憾much to one s regret使某人非常遗憾的是express one s regret at对表示遗憾【词条 3】forgive 【点拨】vt.vi.意为原谅,宽恕,常用于结构 forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth.,也可以接双宾语。如 : I will
31、 never forgive you for what youve ever done to me.Eventually, she forgave him the bad behavior. 【拓展】forgivene ss n.原谅,宽恕,饶恕 forgiving adj. 宽大的 ,仁慈的经典短语透视【短语 1】keep in touch (with) 【点拨】 keep in touch (with sb.)意为(与某人 )保持联系 ,也可写作 stay / be in touch (with sb.)。如: This is my card. Lets keep in touch. I
32、ve kept in touch with most of my classmates in the middle school.【拓展】与 touch相关的常见搭配还有 :get in touch with 与取得联系 ；lose touch with / be out of touch with与失去 / 没有联系 。如: We have lost touch with John since we moved to Japan. Write to me as often as you can. I dont want to lose touch with you. 【短语 2】knock
33、over 【点拨】 knock over意为撞倒,击倒。如: 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 16 页A drunken driver knocked over nine people, causing five deaths. 【拓展】与 knock 相关的短语还有 :knock down打倒,推倒；knock off 停止,中断；knock out击败,击倒。如: He knocked Tom down with one blow of his fist. We knocked off work for tea. O
34、ur team was knocked out in the first part of the competition. 【短语 3】make up 【点拨】 make up可意为 和好。如: I found it hard to make up with Joan after we quarreled about the beautiful stamp. 【拓展】 make up还有以下常用意思 : You shouldnt believe him. He is making the whole thing up. (编造) Whoever attends the ball is supp
35、osed to make up. (化妆) You must make up the work you missed. ( 补上) 热点语法聚焦1. 非谓语动词的完成式having done的用法非谓语动词的完成式having done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。其否定式为not having done。如: Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 分词的被动式表
36、示它的逻辑主语是-ing 分词动作的承受者。根据 -ing 分词动作发生的时间,-ing 分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done) 。如: He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. The question being discussed is very important. 2. 非谓语动词的 -ing 形式和 to do 形式的区别有些动词既能接不定式 ,又能接 -ing 形式 ,含义有所不同。如 : (1) forget, remember,
37、 regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接 -ing 形式作宾语表示动名词动作先于谓语动作。如: Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗？Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。(2) 动词 mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语,意思也有所不同。如 : I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个。Missing the train means waiting for anot
38、her hour. 误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。(3) 动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing 形式作宾语 ,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语。如: Please permit me to say a few words. 请允许我说几句话。We dont permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。(4) 动词 need, require, want作需要解时 ,后面接 -ing 分词或不定式被动式。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 16
39、页如: These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully. 这些小孩需要细心地照料。(5) 动词 like, hate, prefer等后面 ,如表示一般性动作 ,多用-ing 形式；如指特定的具体的某次动作 ,多用不定式。如 : I like swimming, but I dont like to swim with you. 我喜欢游泳 ,但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。Module 4 【词条 1】combine 【点拨】 combine vi. / vt. 联合,结合,合并
40、。常用作结构 combine . with .把与结合 。如: The two countries combined against their common enemy. He combined his scientific knowledge with his friends business skill and started a company. His efforts, combined with his determination, helped him achieve great success. 【拓展】 combination n. 联合,合作, 结合 combined ad
41、j. 组合的 ,结合的【词条 2】relax 【点拨】 relax vi. / vt. 放松,使轻松。如 : The doctor told him to relax a week or so before going back to work. This equipment will help relax your muscles. 【拓展】 relax还可意为 放宽；使松弛 。如: They relaxed the regulations after the reform. relaxed adj. 放松的 ,镇定的 relaxing adj. 令人放松的She had a very re
42、laxed manner. It s really a relaxing walk.【词条 3】present 【点拨】 present可用作动词 ,意为赠送；颁发 (奖品等 )；提出 。如: When Mr. Smith left our company; our manager presented him with a golden watch. The winner was presented with the prize by the chairman. 【拓展】1. present作名词 ,可意为 礼物,赠品；现在 ,目前。如: I don t want all these book
43、s; Ill make you a present of them.She is busy at present, and she cant speak to you.Let s leave things as they are for the present. 2. present作形容词 ,意为 出席的 ,在场的；目前的 ,现在的 。如: It s unfair to discuss hiscase if he isnt present.The present situation seems to be in their favor. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师
44、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 16 页经典短语透视【短语 1】in addition to 【点拨】 in addition to 意为除之外 (还有),其中 to为介词 ,所以后面要跟名词、代词和动名词等。如 : In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also pro-vides practical experience. 【拓展】1. besides作介词时 ,和其意思和用法相同。如: We have lots of things in common besides
45、dance. 2. in addition 相当于副词 ,可译为 另外,加之。如: You need money and time; in addition, you need intelligence. 【短语 2】draw upon / on 【点拨】 draw upon / on意为凭借,利用。如: Reread your previou s essays for ideas and information, which you may want to draw upon. A writer has to draw upon his imagination and experience.
46、 【拓展】 draw on / upon还可意为 临近,(时光)渐渐过去 。如: Winter is drawing on. It grew colder as night drew on. 【短语 3】be true of 【点拨】 be true of 意为 (某种情况 )适用于 ,适宜于 。如: This principle is true of everybody. The food is good and the same is true of the service. 【拓展】根据下列例句体会与true相关短语的意义 : The picture is true to life. (
47、逼真) He is always true to his promise. ( 信守) My father said I should be a lawyer and it has come true. ( 实现) 热点语法聚焦一、现在完成进行时由 has / have been + 动词-ing构成,其主要用法有 : 1. 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到说话时,并且还有可能继续下去。 这一用法常和表示一段时间的状语,如: For three years, all this time, all ones life, all the morning, these few weeks. 以及由 fo
48、r 或 since引导的时间状语连用。如: Hes been watching television all day.I have been teaching in the middle school for ten years. 2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到说话时刻的动作,在说话时刻这个动作刚刚结束。如 : I have just been saying goodbye to my friend. 3. 表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内反复发生的动作。如Have you been meeting him lately? 二、与现在完成时的比较 : 精选学习资料 - - - - -
49、- - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 16 页1. 从定义上来看 ,现在完成时 (have done)表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与 already已经或 ever曾经连用。如 : We have already learnt Unit 2. (我们已经学习了第二单元。) She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. ( 她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。 ) 而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,并且有可能还要进行下去的动作,具有未完成的特点 ,一般不与 already或 ever等连
50、用。如: We have been learning Unit 2. 我们一直在学习第二单元。(没学完 ) 2. 现在完成时表示次性 ,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,请看以下句子: I have met him at the library. ( 我在图书馆见过他。 ) I have been meeting him at the library. ( 我经常在图书馆看见她。 ) 3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含上有区别。现在完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程。如 : We are very tired. We ve been c