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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载英 语 动 词 的 种 类 提示：以下动词的分类并没有肯定的标准；有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词、把握动词的用法和搭配,以及更好地学好与动词有关的语法； 切记：有些动词作不同的意义说明时可以分属于不同种类的动词；因此,我们要特殊留意一词多义现象；动词的种类分类总表：更多更具体的内容请参考其他复习内容. 请情1 只作情态动词使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 态2 可作情态动词, 也可作实义动词need/ dare 动3 可作情态动词,也可作助动词shall/ should/ w
2、ill/ would 词4 将就可作情态动词have to/ had better/ used to 助1 be 形式变化：am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ 同时是实义和系动being 词你2 do 形式变化： does/ did 同时是实义动词动参3 have 形式变化： has/ had/ having 同时是实义动词词考形式变化： should 同时是情态动词4 shall 复5 will 形式变化： would 同时是情态动词习1 状 态 系 动be 以词前2 表 像 系 动look / appear/ seem 特殊说明：发词放系3 感 官 系 动feel
3、/ smell/ sound/ taste continue/ last/ lie/ 这里列举的全部系的词动词本身都是实义动资4 持 续 系 动keep/ rest/ remain/ 动词；但它们表示的料词词stand/ stay 意思不同； 请留意结5 变 化 系 动become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ 合句意去懂得判定；第 2词run 6 终 止 系 动prove/ turn out 词不 及 物 动 词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动有不少的动词既是词；页（ vi ）vi 后面如要跟宾语,必需加上介词；及物动词又是不及有1 物动词； 区分在
4、于它更及物动词后面必需跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词；所表示的含义有所多（ vt ）vt 后面可以直接跟宾语；不同；内容 静态动词是表示静止状态的动词；一般不用于进行时态；实2 静A. 表示存在、从属意义的动词；如：be（“ 是” ）、have（ “ 有” ）、own, exist, live, belong to 义B. 与五官感觉有关的如： hear, see, feel, taste, smell 及 watch, notice, 动词observe, find, catch 动believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; 态C. 表示心理状态或情感状态
5、的动feel; think; find; forget; hate; hope; 动词imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; 词词regret; suppose; understand; want; wish D. 接度量衡名词的动词 +数词 +单位 这些动词的主语通常是物 weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat 名师归纳总结 动动态动词是表示运动状态的动词；可用于进行时态；第 3 页第 1 页,共 36 页
6、A 连续性动词： 表示行为或过程能 长久地连续下去或能产生长久 的影响；eat , listen , read , run , walk ,work ,write 态动有更多- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 词学习必备欢迎下载buy; 相关内B 终止性动词：表示行为或过arrive; begin; break; bring; catch; close; come; die; discover; fall; sell; 容. 程是短暂的或瞬时间完成结leave; open; put on; take off; 束；start; stop; return;
7、 go; jump C 表示状态转变或位置转移的 动词 . arrive ,change ,come ,die ,go ,land （着陆）,leave 3 使役A.表示 “ 使、令、让、叫 ” 等意义的动词. 如: make, have, let, get, 第 4 页有keep更 多 相动词B.表示 “ 使人 ,令人 ” 的心理状态的动词；如：关内容 . interest; excite; astonish; move; amuse; surprise + sb.put on / wear/ be on; look at/ see; look for/ 4 表示动作的动词find; 请 大
8、 家listen to/ hear; study/learn; try to do/ manage 表示状态的动词注 意 积to do 表示结果的动词累. prepare for/ be prepared for, advise/ persuade 等；名师归纳总结 A 谓语动词在句子中作谓语的动留意谓语动词的时态和语态变化；第 2 页,共 36 页词；在句子中不是用作谓语的动词；变化形式：进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式；5 BA 不定式to 形式变化： to have done/ to have been done / to be doing/ 今 后 有do not to do 非B 动名
9、词doin形式变化： not doing 谓g 语C 现在分形式变化： having done/ having been done/ not doin专 题 复动doing 词g 习 有 关词not having done/ not having been done D 过去分don内容 . 形式变化： not done 词e 相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分（重点内容）不及物动词:ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; vi 用法（1）cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown
10、; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; 主语 + vi pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; swim; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; 及+状语 act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep,
11、run, retire, fly, jump, stand .不及物动词短语: show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, 物vi 用法（2）die out, give out, run up, .fail + in 动aim + at live +in/on belong + to sb succeed +in doing 词look +at come + to sb fall +off/ onto 与stare +at struggle + for/ against go + to 不stay +at happen +to sb v
12、ote +for/ against glance + at 及care + for/about lie + to/in laugh + at 物apologize +to sb for doing listen + to 主语 +vi+contact +with sb object +to argue + about sth with sb 动deal + with occur +to die +in/ from/ of/ 词介词 +宾disagree + with refer +to talk +about sth/ to sb 语end + in/up with relate +to th
13、ink +of/ about/ over wait +for reply +to compete + in sth with sb depend + on return +to agree +to/ with / on operate +on stick +to sth work +on/ at/ in/for rely + on graduate + from arrive + in/ at insist + on doing 要熟记它们的搭配； suffer +from vtlisten to sb arrive in/at belong to sb lie in + sound like
14、 sth get to own sth be situated in + 与hear sb reach possess sth be located in + vicontact with sb talk work for sb reply to 近touch sb tell serve sb answer - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 义appear 学习必备欢迎下载read, rise / go up / sit look at 词increase show sth to sb seat sb see/ watch raise 对succeed
15、 in break in go out look for 比doing manage sth/ to break into turn off find do agree with sb give in give up promise sb A 既可以用作及物如: begin 开头 ；Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our 又可以用作不及game. 物的动词,其意类似的仍有： start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, 义不变；learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.
16、如 lift 作不及物动词时是指烟雾的 消散 ；we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. B 既可以用 作及物动词时是 上升；举起 ；He lifted his glass and drank. 作 及 物类似的仍有： beat vi. 心脏 跳动 /vt. 敲、打 ; grow vi. 生长 / vt. 种植又 可 以play vi. 玩耍 / vt. 打（牌、 球）演奏 smell vi. 发出（气味） / vt. 用 作 不嗅及 物 的ring vi. （电话、铃）响 / vt. 打电话 speak vi. 讲话 / vt. 说（语动词,其言
17、）意 义 完hang vi. 悬挂 / vt. 绞死 operate vi. 动手术 / vt. 全不同；操作run vi. 跑步 ; 褪色 vt. 经营C 有的及物动词加上介词后,表示的意思不同；如：allow 答应 allow for 考虑到 感官动词 hear, see, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; listen to 的用法归纳总结 : 感官动词 + sb. do/ doing / sth done；1后接不带 to 的不定式表示一个发生过或者仍没发生具体的动作When you go to watc
18、h the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win. 感 官 动 词2后接 V-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作；Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast. 3后接 V-ed 形式表示被动意义；After his return twenty years later, he found his home
19、town greatly changed. Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 试比较（留意懂得）: ） I heard him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）；） I heard him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱唱歌（指当时动作的某个片断）；） I heard a song sung. 我听见（有人）唱歌（规律主语“ 歌” 与“ 唱” 是被动关系；）延 续 性 动 词 与 终 止 性 动注: “ ”左边的是终止性动词瞬时动词
20、 ; “ ”右边的是连续性动词更多的终止性动词瞬时动词 : borrow, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach, recognize. borrow keepa open sth keep sth opencome here be herebuyhavego therebe thereleave be away frombecomebecome back be backbegin/startbe onput on wearfall asleepbe asleepdie be deadmove to l ive
21、in get to/arrive/reachbe finishbe overrecognizeknow in return be backcatch a cold have go get out be out join be in + 组织机构/ cold fall illbe illbe a member of + 组织机构get to knowknowget up be up名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 词学习必备欢迎下载在有表示时间的场合,要留意依据句子或上下文供应的时间关系判定句子中的动词该使的用连续性
22、动词仍是终止性动词；对It rained at eight yesterday morning. 误 比由于 rain 为连续性动词,而at eight表示 点时间 ,前1. 连续性动词不能与表示短暂 时间的 “ 点时间 ” 状语连用；但 : come/ begin/ get + to + 连续 性动词可表示一瞬时的动作； “ 点 时 间 ” 指 具 体 某 一 时 间 点; “段时间 ” 指某一时间内 . 后冲突；It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. 正 -When did you get to know Jack.-Two years a
23、go. -Then youve known each other for more than two years. -Thats right. 2. 终止性动词可以用于when 引导的时间When we reached London, it was twelve 状语从句中,但不行以用于while引导oclock. reach 为终止性动词 ; when不行用的时间状语从句中； when表示的时间是while 替换 . Please look after my daughter while/when “ 点时间 ” 从句谓语动词用终止性动词,也可以是 “ 段时间 ” 从句谓语动词用连续 性动词
24、 ；而 while 表示的是一个较长的 时间或过程,从句谓语动词一般只能用 连续性动词；we are away. be away为连续性动词短语 I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. He has joined the League. 他已经入团；3. 终止性动词的完成时态,表示动作的完成并产生了影响与结果；但一般不能与 表 示 延 续 的 时 间 段 短 语 “ for ”或“ since ”以及 “ How long ”连用,终 止性动词否定式除外；4.留意句型 1: “ It is 一段时
25、间 since 从句 + 终止性 动词的过去时 ”“ 一段时间 has passedsince 从句 + 终止性动词的过去时 ” : 句子的含义是 : “ 自从 起, 有 多长 的时间 ”；假如在since从句中的谓语动词是连续性动词的现在完成时,那么与其一般过去时的含义就完全相反了；He has been a League member for three years. He has been in the League for three years. The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years.
26、It is 4 years sin ce the old man died. Four years has passed since the old man died. I bought the book 5 days ago. I have had the book for 5 days.留意比较懂得 : I have been at school since I have been ill. 我生病以来始终在学校里；I have been at school since I was ill. 我病愈以来始终在学校里；It s 4 years since Mr Li smoked. 李先生戒
27、烟已有四年了It is four months since my elder sister went to Britain. 我姐姐去英国已有四个月了；More than three years has passed since Mary came to China. 玛丽来中国已有三年多了名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the 5. 留意句型 2: + until/till .意为” picture ton
28、ight. 今日晚上直到我画完画,我我才上床睡觉；I won t leave till my parents come back. “ not + 终止性动词将呆在家里直到我父母回来；言外之意是,我“ 直到 才 ” ；父母不回来,我就始终呆在家里,我父母回来“ 连续性动词+ until /till后我就离开家； ”I didn t receive the notice until last 表示： “ 始终连续到 . ”make sb. do sth make sth done evening.直到昨天晚上我才收到通知；言外之意是,昨天晚上前我始终没有接到通知；We worked until
29、11:00 yesterday evening. 我们昨天晚上始终工作到11 点；使/让/逼某人做某事 ; 被动形式 sb. be made to do使/让某事得以 make sb. adj 使某人处于 的状态1. make make sb sth 使/让某人成为 She will make a good wife. 她会成为一个好妻子；make oneself done 使 某 人 的 为 他 人 所 make oneself heard/ understood have sb do sth 使 /让/请某人做某事 . have sb doing. 使/让某人始终做某事高2. have h
30、ave sth done 请/让某人做某事; 招致或遭受到不好的事情 3. let have sb adj. 使 /让 /某人处于 的状态It had the salesmen busy around. let sb do sth 让/答应某人做某事let sb+ 介词短语让某人处于 的状态4. keep keep sb doing sth使/让某人始终做某事考keep sb/sth +介词短语 . 让某人或某物处于 的状态中get sb to do sth请/让某人做某事Would you please get them to 常5. get bring down the price. 见g
31、et sth done. 请/让某人做某事I ll get my hair cut.使get sb doing. 请/让某人始终做某事The joke got us laughing. 役leave sb to do sth 让某人做 /干某事Well leave themto run the 动shop. 词6. leave leave sb doing sth 让某人连续处于某种状态Dont leave her waiting 的outside in the rain. 用leave sth done 让某事保持 的状态The workers left the rest of the wo
32、rk untouched.工人们对余下的工作动都法7. cause 没有动一下；与cause sb to do sth 使得 /促使 /引起某人做某事搭What caused him to quit his job. 是什么缘由使他辞职的. 配8. lead lead sb to do sth. 使得 /引导某人做某事What led you to think so. lead sb in doing sth 领导某人 /带领某人干某事. 9. force The Party leads us in carrying out reform and opening up. force sb to
33、 do sth 迫使 / 强迫某人做某事The policemen forced the criminals to give up their arms. 警察迫使罪犯放下武器10. drive drive sb+adj 使/逼迫某人变成 的状态The loud noise have driven 他逼us mad. 迫使 /逼迫某人做某事He drove her to admit it. drive sb to do sth 迫她承认；迫使 /逼迫某人进入 的境地drive sb+介词短语The men drove the young man to the wall. 投无路 . 这几个人把
34、这青年人逼得走名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 11. oblige 12. send 13. set 14. place 15. put 16. bring 学习必备欢迎下载oblige sb to do sth 使某人 按法律、条约、合约等要求而必需做某事；The scandal obliged the minister to resign. 这一丑闻迫使部长辞职；send sb doing sth 使某人进入 特定状态 ; 迫使某人处于 的状态The slightest touch will send us
35、floating away from in the opposite direction in space. send sb+ 介词短语迫 使某人进入 的状态The failure sent him into discouragement. send sb to do sth 派某人干某事set sb to do sth 使某人开头或着手做某事set sb doing sth 使某人开头或着手做某事They set him to mow the lawn. 他们叫他给草坪刈草. Her words set me thinking. 她的话使我深思；set + sb./ sth + adj 使
36、处于 的状态 She set the caged bird free. place sb in/into 使某人处于 位置 /位置The victory in the contest placed our team in a favorable position. put sb in/into 使某人处于 位置 /位置 用法同 place. bring sb/sth+介词短语使某人或某物处于 的状态bring sb. back to life. 使某人起死回生bring under control. 使 处于掌握之下The joke brought the class into laughte
37、r. 17. land land sb in 使 某 人 在 地 方 着 陆I ll land you safe in Liverpool. 18. cost cost sb sth. 使人遭到 缺失；使人赔了 本The failure in the contest cost us the first place held for 10 years. 这次竞赛失败使我们丢失了保持已10 年之久的冠军宝座；19.具有使役意义 , 表示 “ 使人 ,令人 ” 的心理状态的动词；如：interest sb in 使某人对 感爱好 excite sb 使某人兴奋 astonish sb 使某人震动 m
38、ove, amuse, surprise, terrify, convince, inspire, encourage, satisfy, delight, please, frighten, surprise, amaze, shock, worry, disappoint, discourage, puzzle, tire, terrify 上述 V-ed/ V-ing 的用法区分 : 如: The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears. What disappointing result. We were
39、 all disappointed with it. Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit. 役动词用法名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 36 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 学习必备欢迎下载第 7 页,共 36 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 学习必备欢迎下载第 8 页,共 36 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下
40、载常见役动词词组1. 以 break 为中心的词组break away from 脱离,逃离break down 破坏,粉碎；瓦解；出故障,抛锚break in 闯进,打断；使顺服break into 闯入；强行进入；突然开头break out 爆发,发生；预备使用；起锚break the law 违反法律break the record 破记录break one s promise 失言break up 开垦,破裂；解散,分开,分解名师归纳总结 2. 以 catch为中心的词组第 9 页,共 36 页be caught doing 被发觉做某事be caught in the rain 淋雨
41、catch a bus/train 赶汽车 /火车- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - catch a cold 伤风,感冒学习必备欢迎下载catch one s word 听懂某人的话catch sight of 发觉,瞥见catch up with 赶上,追及,追上3. 以 come 为中心的词组come across 有时发觉,想起；越过；偿付come along 一道来,陪伴；进步,进展；显现come at 达到,求得,得到；扑向,突击come back 回来；复原,复原come down 倒下；降落；跌落；病倒come from 来自,起源于,从 产生,生于come in 进来,进入；流行起来；获名次come into being 发生,产生,