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1、学习必备欢迎下载英 语 动 词 的 种 类提示：以下动词的分类并没有绝对的标准。有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词、掌握动词的用法和搭配，以及更好地学好与动词有关的语法。切记：有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词。因此，我们要特别注意一词多义现象。 动词的种类分类总表：(更多更详细的内容请参考其他复习内容.) 情态动词1 只作情态动词使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 请你参考复习以前发放的资料2 可作情态动词， 也可作实义动词need/ dare 3 可作情态动词，也可作助动词shall/ should/ will/ would 4
2、 勉强可作情态动词have to/ had better/ used to 助动词1 be 形式变化：am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being 同时是实义和系动词2 do 形式变化： does/ did 同时是实义动词3 have 形式变化： has/ had/ having 同时是实义动词4 shall 形式变化： should 同时是情态动词5 will 形式变化： would 同时是情态动词系动词1 状 态 系 动词be 特别说明：这里列举的所有系动词本身都是实义动词。但它们表示的意思不同。 请注意结合句意去理解判断。2 表 像 系 动词look / app
3、ear/ seem 3 感 官 系 动词feel / smell/ sound/ taste 4 持 续 系 动词keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ stay 5 变 化 系 动词become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run 6 终 止 系 动词prove/ turn out 实义动词1 不 及 物 动 词（ vi ）本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。vi 后面若要跟宾语，必须加上介词。有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。 区别在于它所表示的含义有所不同。第 2页有更多内容及物动词
4、（ vt ）后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。vt 后面可以直接跟宾语。2 静态动词静态动词是表示静止状态的动词。一般不用于进行时态。A. 表示存在、从属意义的动词。如：be（“ 是” ） 、have（ “ 有” ） 、own, exist, live, belong to B. 与五官感觉有关的动词如： hear, see, feel, taste, smell 及 watch, notice, observe, find, catch C. 表示心理状态或情感状态的动词believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; think; find;
5、 forget; hate; hope; imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; regret; suppose; understand; want; wish D. 接度量衡名词的动词(+数词 +单位 ) (这些动词的主语通常是物) weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat 动态动动态动词是表示运动状态的动词。可用于进行时态。A 延续性动词： 表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。eat ， li
6、sten ， read ， run ， walk ，work ，write 第 3 页有更多精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载词B 终止性动词：表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬时间完成结束。arrive; begin; break; bring; buy; catch; close; come; die; discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell; start; stop; return; go; jump 相关内容. C 表示状态改变或位置转
7、移的动词 . arrive ，change ，come ，die ，go ，land （着陆），leave 3 使役动词A.表示 “ 使、令、让、叫” 等意义的动词. 如: make, have, let, get, keep第 4 页有更 多 相关内容 . B.表示 “ 使人 ，令人 ” 的心理状态的动词。如：interest; excite; astonish; move; amuse; surprise (+ sb.)4 表示动作的动词表示状态的动词表示结果的动词put on / wear/ be on; look at/ see; look for/ find; listen to/
8、hear; study/learn; try to do/ manage to do prepare for/ be prepared for, advise/ persuade 等。请 大 家注 意 积累. 5 A 谓语动词在句子中作谓语的动词。注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化。B非谓语动词在句子中不是用作谓语的动词。变化形式：进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式。A 不定式to do 形式变化： to have done/ to have been done / to be doing/ not to do B 动名词doing 形式变化： not doing 今 后 有专 题 复习 有 关内容 .
9、 C 现在分词doing 形式变化： having done/ having been done/ not doing not having done/ not having been done D 过去分词done 形式变化： not done 相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分（重点内容）及物动词与不及物动词vi 用法 （1）主语 + vi (+状语 ) (不及物动词):ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; c
10、ontinue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim; act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, st
11、and.(不及物动词短语): show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, die out, give out, run up, .vi 用法 （2）主语 +vi+介词 +宾语aim + at look +at stare +at stay +at glance + at laugh + at contact +with sb deal + with disagree + with end + in/up with wait +for depend + on operate +on rely + on insist + on doing
12、live +in/on belong + to sb come + to sb go + to happen +to sb lie + to/in listen + to object +to occur +to refer +to relate +to reply +to return +to stick +to sth graduate + from suffer +from fail + in succeed +in doing fall +off/ onto struggle + for/ against vote +for/ against care + for/about apol
13、ogize +to sb for doing argue + about sth with sb die +in/ from/ of/ talk +about sth/ to sb think +of/ about/ over compete + in sth with sb agree +to/ with / on work +on/ at/ in/for arrive + in/ at (要熟记它们的搭配。) vt与vi近listen to sb sound like sth hear sb arrive in/at get to reach belong to sb own sth po
14、ssess sth lie in + be situated in + be located in + contact with sb touch sb talk tell work for sb serve sb reply to answer 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载义词对比appear show sth to sb rise / go up / increase raise sit seat sb look at see/ watch succeed in doing manage
15、sth/ to do break in break into go out turn off look for find give in give up agree with sb promise sb A 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如: begin 开始 。 Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve. B 既可以用作 及 物又
16、 可 以用 作 不及 物 的动词，其意 义 完全不同。如 lift 作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散 。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是 升高；举起 。He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的还有：beat vi.( 心脏 )跳动 /vt. 敲、打 ; grow vi.生长 / vt. 种植play vi. 玩耍 / vt. 打（牌、 球）演奏smell vi. 发出（气味） / vt. 嗅ring vi. （电话、铃）响 / vt. 打电话speak vi. 讲话 / vt. 说（语言）hang v
17、i. 悬挂/ vt. 绞死operate vi. 动手术 / vt. 操作run vi. 跑步 ; 褪色vt. 经营C 有的及物动词加上介词后，表示的意思不同。如：allow 允许allow for 考虑到 感官动词 感官动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; listen to 的用法归纳总结: (感官动词 + sb. do/ doing / sth done)。1后接不带to 的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作When you go to watch the football m
18、atch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win. 2后接 V-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast. 3后接 V-ed 形式表示被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed. A
19、lthough I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 试比较（注意理解）: ） I heard him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。） I heard him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。） I heard a song sung. 我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“ 歌” 与“ 唱” 是被动关系。 ）延续性动词与终止性动注: “”左边的是终止性动词(瞬间动词 ); “”右边的是延续性动词更多的终止性动词(瞬间动词 ):
20、 borrow, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach, recognize. borrow keepbuyhavebecomebeput on wearmove to l ive in recognizeknow catch a cold have a cold get to knowknowopen sth keep sth openleave be away frombegin/startbe ondie be deadfinishbe overreturn be backjoin be in + 组织机构
21、/ be a member of + 组织机构come here be herego therebe therecome back be backfall asleepbe asleepget to/arrive/reachbe (in) go (get) out be out fall illbe illget up be up精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载词的对比 在有表示时间的场合，要注意根据句子或上下文提供的时间关系判断句子中的动词该使用延续性动词还是终止性动词。1. 延续性动词不能与表
22、示短暂时间的 “ 点时间 ” 状语连用。但 : come/ begin/ get + to + 延续性动词可表示一瞬间的动作。( “ 点 时 间 ” 指 具 体 某 一 时 间点; “ 段时间 ” 指某一时间内.) It rained at eight yesterday morning. (误) 因为 rain 为延续性动词，而at eight表示 点时间 ，前后矛盾。It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. (正) -When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago. -Then youve known
23、 each other for more than two years. -Thats right. 2. 终止性动词可以用于when 引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。 when表示的时间是“ 点时间 ”( 从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是 “ 段时间 ”( 从句谓语动词用延续性动词 )。而 while 表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词一般只能用延续性动词。When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach 为终止性动词; when不可用while 替换 .) Please look afte
24、r my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语) I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. 3. 终止性动词的完成时态，表示动作的完成并产生了影响与结果。但一般不能与表 示 延 续 的 时 间 段 短 语 “for ” 或“since ”以及 “How long ” 连用，终止性动词否定式除外。He has joined the League. 他已经入团。He has been a League member for three yea
25、rs. He has been in the League for three years. The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years. It is 4 years since the old man died. Four years has passed since the old man died. I bought the book 5 days ago. I have had the book for 5 days.4.注意句型 (1): “It is 一段时间since 从句 (+ 终止性动
26、词的过去时) ”“ 一段时间 has passedsince 从句 ( + 终止性动词的过去时) ”: 句子的含义是: “ 自从 起, 有(多长的时间 ) ” 。如果在since从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词的现在完成时，那么与其一般过去时的含义就完全相反了。注意比较理解: I have been at school since I have been ill. 我生病以来一直在学校里。I have been at school since I was ill. 我病愈以来一直在学校里。It s 4 years since Mr Li smoked. 李先生戒烟已有四年了It is four m
27、onths since my elder sister went to Britain.我姐姐去英国已有四个月了。More than three years has passed since Mary came to China. 玛丽来中国已有三年多了精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载5. 注意句型 (2): “not + 终止性动词+ until/till .” 意为“ 直到 才” 。“ 延续性动词+ until /till”表示： “ 一直延续到 . ”I will not go to bed
28、 until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。I won t leave till my parents come back. 我将呆在家里直到我父母回来。言外之意是，我父母不回来，我就一直呆在家里，我父母回来后我就离开家。I didn t receive the notice until last evening.直到昨天晚上我才收到通知。言外之意是，昨天晚上前我一直没有接到通知。We worked until 11:00 yesterday evening. 我们昨天晚上一直工作到11 点。高考中常见使役动词的
29、用法与搭配1. make make sb. do sth 使/让/逼某人做某事; (被动形式 )sb. be made to domake sth done 使/让某事得以 make sb. adj 使某人处于 的状态make sb sth 使/让某人成为 She will make a good wife. 她会成为一个好妻子。make oneself done 使 某 人 的 为 他 人 所 (make oneself heard/ understood) 2. have have sb do sth 使 /让/请某人做某事. have sb doing. 使/让某人一直做某事have s
30、th done 请/让某人做某事; 招致或遭遇到(不好的事情 ) have sb adj. 使 /让 /某人处于 的状态It had the salesmen busy around. 3. let let sb do sth 让/允许某人做某事let sb+ 介词短语让某人处于 的状态4. keep keep sb doing sth使/让某人一直做某事keep sb/sth +介词短语 . 让某人或某物处于的状态5. get get sb to do sth请/让某人做某事Would you please get them to bring down the price? get sth
31、done. 请/让某人做某事I ll get my hair cut.get sb doing. 请/让某人一直做某事The joke got us laughing. 6. leave leave sb (to) do sth 让某人做 /干某事We ll leave them(to) run the shop. leave sb doing sth 让某人继续处于某种状态Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. leave sth done 让某事保持 的状态The workers left the rest of the work untou
32、ched.工人们对余下的工作动都没有动一下。7. cause cause sb to do sth 使得 /促使 /引起某人做某事What caused him to quit his job? 是什么原因使他辞职的? 8. lead lead sb to do sth. 使得 /引导某人做某事What led you to think so? lead sb in doing sth 领导某人 /带领某人干某事. The Party leads us in carrying out reform and opening up. 9. force force sb to do sth 迫使 /
33、 强迫某人做某事The policemen forced the criminals to give up their arms. 警察迫使罪犯放下武器10. drive drive sb+adj 使/逼迫某人变成 的状态The loud noise have driven us mad. drive sb to do sth 迫使 /逼迫某人做某事He drove her to admit it. 他逼迫她承认。drive sb+介词短语迫使 /逼迫某人进入的境地The men drove the young man to the wall. 这几个人把这青年人逼得走投无路 . 精选学习资料
34、 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载11. oblige oblige sb to do sth 使某人 (按法律、条约、合约等要求)而必须做某事。The scandal obliged the minister to resign. 这一丑闻迫使部长辞职。12. send send sb doing sth 使某人进入 (特定状态 ); (迫)使某人处于 的状态The slightest touch will send us floating away from in the opposite directio
35、n in space. send sb+ 介词短语(迫 )使某人进入的状态The failure sent him into discouragement. send sb to do sth 派某人干某事13. set set sb to do sth 使某人开始或着手做某事set sb doing sth 使某人开始或着手做某事They set him to mow the lawn. 他们叫他给草坪刈草. Her words set me thinking. 她的话使我深思。set + sb./ sth + adj 使处于 ( 的状态 ) She set the caged bird f
36、ree. 14. place place sb in/into 使某人处于 地位 /位置The victory in the contest placed our team in a favorable position. 15. put put sb in/into 使某人处于 地位 /位置 (用法同 place.) 16. bring bring sb/sth+介词短语使某人或某物处于的状态bring sb. back to life. 使某人起死回生bring under control. 使处于控制之下The joke brought the class into laughter.
37、17. land land sb in 使 某 人 在 (地 方 ) 着 陆I ll land you safe in Liverpool. 18. cost cost sb sth. 使人遭到 损失；使人赔了 本The failure in the contest cost us the first place held for 10 years. 这次比赛失败使我们丢失了保持已10 年之久的冠军宝座。19.具有使役意义, 表示 “ 使人 ，令人 ” 的心理状态的动词。如：interest sb in(使某人对 感兴趣 ) excite sb (使某人激动 ) astonish sb( 使某
38、人震惊 ) move, amuse, surprise, terrify, convince, inspire, encourage, satisfy, delight, please, frighten, surprise, amaze, shock, worry, disappoint, discourage, puzzle, tire, terrify上述 V-ed/ V-ing的用法区别 : 如: The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears. What disappointing result! We
39、 were all disappointed with it. Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit. 役动词用法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 36 页学习必
40、备欢迎下载常见役动词词组1. 以 break 为中心的词组break away from 脱离，逃离break down 破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚break in 闯进，打断；使顺服break into 闯入；强行进入；突然开始break out 爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚break the law 违反法律break the record 破记录break one s promise 失言break up 开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解2. 以 catch为中心的词组be caught doing 被发现做某事be caught in the rain 淋雨catch a bus/tra
41、in 赶汽车 /火车精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载catch a cold 伤风，感冒catch one s word 听懂某人的话catch sight of 发现，瞥见catch up with 赶上，追及，追上3. 以 come 为中心的词组come across 偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付come along 一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现come at 达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击come back 回来；恢复，复原come down 倒下；降落；跌落；病倒come from 来自，起
42、源于，从产生，生于come in 进来，进入；流行起来；获名次come into being 发生，产生，出现，形成come into power 开始执政，当权，当选come into use 开始使用，获得应用come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；（问题）被提出come out 出来，传出；出版；结果是；褪色；（秘密）泄露come to 苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于come to an end 终止，结束come to know 开始了解到come true 实现，成为现实；证实come up 走近；上楼；长出，发芽4. 以 do 为中心的词组be done in 精疲力竭be
43、done with 完全结束do a good deed 做一件好事do away with 去掉，废除；弄死；浪费do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于do its work 有效，有作用do much 极有用do wrong to 做错精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载do one s be st 尽某人最大努力do one s homework 做作业do one s utmost 尽力而为do proud 足以使
44、 骄傲do sb. justice 公平对待某人do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生do sb. a favor 帮助某人do well in 学得不错，干得漂亮do with 和相处，忍受，处理do without 不需要，不用do wonders 创造奇迹have much to do with 和 很有关系have nothing to do with 与 无关have something to do with 和有关in doing so=in so doing 这时，在这种情况下That will do. 行了；够了5. 以 get 为中心的词组get
45、about 徘徊，走动，旅行；流传get above oneself 自视高傲get accustomed to 习惯于，对 习以为常get across 度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解get ahead of 胜过，超过get along 前进，进步；同意；离去get along with 与相处get at 发现，了解；掌握；攻击get away 离开，逃脱get back 取回，回来；报复get behind 落后；识破get down 咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁get down to 认真对待，静下心来get familiar with 熟悉get hold of 获得，取得精选学习资
46、料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载get home 到家get in 进入，陷入；牵涉get off 送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身get on 上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处get upon with 进步；在 方面获得成功get one s hand in 熟悉；习惯get out of 由出来，从 得出；避免；退休get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成get ready for 为 作准备get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱get through 到达，完成，通过；及格get t
47、ogether 积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见get up 起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，组织get used to 习惯于have got to do 不得不，必须6. 以 give 为中心的词组be given to 沉溺于，癖好give about 分配；传播give and take 相互迁就give away 赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发give back 归还give cause 给予 的理由give ear to 侧耳倾听give forth 发出，放出；发表give in 屈服，让步，投降give in to 同意，接受；向 让步give off 发出（烟，气味）give o
48、neself out to be/as 自称为give oneself up to 专心于；向 自首give out 分发，公布give place to 让位于，被 所替代精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载give rise to 引起，导致；使 发生give sb. to understand 通知某人give up 放弃；停止give way to 让步，退却；屈服于7. 以 look 为中心的词组look about 四下环顾；查看look after 照顾，看管look around 东
49、张西望look at 注视，着眼于look back 回顾look for 寻找；期待，期望look down on 俯视；轻视look forward to 盼望，期待look into 窥视；调查；浏览look like 看起来象look on 旁观；面向look out 向外看；注意；当心，堤防look over 从上面看过去；检查look through 透过 看去；看穿；浏览look up to 仰望，尊敬8. 以 make 为中心的词组be made from 由原料制成be made of 由 材料制成be made up of 由组成make a fool of 愚弄，欺骗ma
50、ke a mistake 弄错make a point of doing 强调；认为 重要；决心，坚持make advantages/use of 使用，利用make after 追求，追赶make believe 假装make certain 确信，把 弄清楚make contact with 接通，与 接触，与 联系精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载make for 去向，向 前进；有利于make friends with 和交友make into 把制成，使 转变为make much of