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1、 学英语 找长喜 1 英语四级语法 第十一堂 主谓一致 掌握主谓一致的各种情况，在四级考试的完形或写作中避免出错。一、中文译成英文 1.(十五分钟是一段很漫长的时间)for a boy who is eager to see his girlfriend.2.She ate bread and butter for breakfast,and (这是她最喜欢的食物).3.Neither the children nor the mother (失去信心).4.(现场的每一个人都发表了自己的观点)concerning the election.5.This is the best of (正常运
2、行的机车).6.It is not I but you who (是最先跑到终点的)in that competition.Key 1.Fifteen minutes seems a long time 2.it is her favorite food 3.lost her confidence 4.Every person present states his opinion 5.the automobiles that is in working order 6.are the first to run to the goal 主谓一致是指以下三种情况：1）语法形式上要一致，即主语的单复
3、数形式要与谓语一致；2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致；3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。经过编者多年的研究和总结，有以下词作主语时，谓语用单数：主语 例示 时间、距离、重量、价值、复数作 数目等名词 整体看 Fifty years is only a short time in human history.Two hundred miles is a long distance.One dollars seems a fair price to that book.短语、不定式 从句、动名词 Swimming is a good way t
4、o keep healthy.To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。Where we will interview hasnt been made public.“s”结尾的学科名词 Politics is the art or science of government.注意:Her politics are/is weak.有物主代词修饰时单复数均可。书、报、地名、组织的复数形式 The United Nations is a world organization.The Times speaks for the British government.news/works
5、/crossroads/woods 等复数形式表单数概念 means 视情况 Bad news has wings.好事不出门，坏事传千里。Every means has been tried to settle the problem.All means have been tried to settle the problem.并列主语指同一概念时 A thief and murderer was sentenced to death.Care and patience is needed in our work.some/any/no/every+thing/one/body/where
6、 Somebody is looking for you.Anyone is forbidden to smoke 学英语 找长喜 2 each/every/no/many a+单数名词+and+each/every/no/many a+单数名词 Each man and each woman was invited to the party.No engineer and no worker was in the workshop.Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.Many a/the whole/each/every/neither/either
7、+单数名词 Many a boy has tried,but few have succeeded.The whole nation was in deep sorrow.Neither story is true.each/neither/either+of+名 词 复 数 或them,us,you Each of them has a beautiful house.Neither of them is fit for the task.pair of+复数名词 This pair of shoes needs mending.more than one+单数名词 More than on
8、e soldier was killed in the battle.there be+单数名词 and+复数名词 There is a book,two pencils and three pens.one,the other,another,no one,neither 等 Here is only one shoe.Where is the other?One has to do ones best.man(人类)/the world(世人)/clothing(衣着)Our clothing protects us from the cold.Only man knows how to
9、cook.a series of/a species of A series of lectures on psychology is given by Mr Smith.the number of The number of pages in this book is nine hundred.one and a half+复数名词 One and a half bananas is left on the table.有以下词作主语时，谓语用复数：主语例示 the+姓的复数;The Greens are going to make a trip to London.群岛/山脉/瀑布等;As
10、 is known to all,the Rocky mountains stand in North America.the+folk(s)/people/police/cattle/Chinese/French等集体名词;The police are sunning after the thief.The Chinese are a hard working people.the+形容词表一类人;The rich are for the decision but the poor against it.a great/good many+复数名词;A good many people we
11、re killed in this traffic accident.a number of+复数名词;A number of students were absent yesterday.一/与前面主语保持一致的情况有 主语后有以下词或短语时，谓语的单复数形式需与前面的主语一致：主语及例示【as well as】He as well as I wants to go boating.【rather than】The officer,rather than ministers answers for it.【(along/together)with】The teacher together w
12、ith students is visiting the factory.【suchas/like】The girl like many boys is fond of sports.【such as/besides】Books such as this are useful for the beginners.【no less than=as much as 和一样】Sunshine,no less than water and air is necessary for plants.【but/except】All students except Tom speak English.【Bey
13、ond】The newlybuilt TV tower,as eightyfive feet tall as beyond imagination,is called“the First Tower in Asia”.【短语作定语】Everyone here,including old people likes reading.【同位语】The idea that we can buy toys is quite 学英语 找长喜 3【定语从句】Foreigners who work in China are from Japan.二、与后者保持一致的情况有 以下词或短语连接并列主语时，谓语的单
14、复数形式需与后者一致：主语及例示【or/nor】You,he,or I am right.【eitheror】Either he or you are right.【neithernor】Neither you nor he is right.Not onlybut alsoNot only he but also I am right.三、谓语形式视情况而定的有以下 集体名词作主语时army,class,crew,family,team,group,party,government,couple,enemy,audience,committee 等集体名词时，如果代表一个整体，那么谓语用单数
15、形式；如果强调整体中的所有成员，那么谓语则用复数形式。Her family is small,but the family are advanced workers.提示：前者指整体，后者指个体 Class is over and the class are all out for play.典型难句 While she awaits the outcome,the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben&Jerrys.(06.06 阅读)【分析】并列复合
16、句。while 引导时间状语从句。主句是由 and 连接的并列句。句中的government 强调整体，因此谓语用单数形式。【译文】在她等候裁判结果的这段时间里，政府已获准她继续留在美国工作，现在她已经重新返回了 Ben&Jerrys 冰淇淋店工作了。主语中包含分数、百分数等时分数、百分数、half,all,part,any,some,a lot,lots,plenty,rest,most,a supply,supplies,more than+of 结构时，如果后接可数名词单数，那么谓语动词用单数；如果后接可数名词复数，那么谓语动词用复数；如果后接不可数名词，那么谓语动词用单数。Forty
17、percent of the apple has been eaten.the workers have gone home.the work has been done.Lots ofstudents have gone to college.food has been carried out.主语是“名词单数+and+名词单数”如果两个名词所指是同一个人或同一事物，那么谓语形式用单数；如果两个名词所指是不同的人或不同的事物，那么谓语形式用复数。The writer and teacher is The writer and the teacher are The man and woman
18、 are coming.Iron and steel industry plays an important role.提示：主语是钢铁业，指同一事物 The food and textile industry depend mainly on agriculture for raw material.提示：主语是食品工业和纺织工业，指不同事物 what,who,which,such 常有其后的名词作表语一致 What you said is of great importance.What you left are only several old books.Such is our pla
19、n.Such are his words.真题难句 After all,if its true that what goes around comes around,why not make sure that whats circulating around you is the good stuff?(06.12 阅读)【分析】多重复合句。主句为 why not make sure that whats circulating around you is the good stuff。if 引导条件状语从句。第一个 that 引导主语从句。在这个主语从句里又包含一个 what 学英语 找长
20、喜 4 引导的主语从句。从句 that whats circulating around you is the good stuff 是 make sure 的宾语。在这个宾语从句中也有一个 what 引导的主语从句，该从句后的谓语是由宾语 good stuff的数来决定的。【译文】毕竟，如果事情真的来临的话，为什么不让你周围的事情都是好事呢?kind,sort,type+名词的情况 This kind of man is men is dangerous.Many kind of man are men are dangerous.population 作主语的情况如果表语是复数名词，那么谓
21、语也用复数形式，否则就用单数形式。The population of China is 1.4 billion.80%of the population of China are farmers.quantity 类名词作主语large quantities of+不可数名词，其后的谓语用复数形式；a large quantity of+不可数名词，其后的谓语用单数形式；a large quantity of+复数名词，其后的谓语用复数形式。Large quantities of money were spent on the bridge.A large quantity of money
22、was materials were spent on the bridge.one or two 结构作主语one or two+复数名词，其后的谓语用复数形式；a+可数名词+or two，其后的谓语用单数形式。One or two days are enough for them.A servant or two or three was to accompany them.Inside each bag is one or two sheets of information.提示：注意倒装以后的谓语形式。一、难句分析翻译 The growth of parttime and flexib
23、le working patterns,and of training and retraining schemes,allows more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.二、改正句中错误 1.George is one of the brightest students who has graduated from New York University.2.A doctor,together with two nurses,have been sent to that faraway mountain village
24、 to help the sick people.3.My family is very interested in playing bowls,which are very much in fashion now.4.All but he and I am going to the exhibition.5.According to the schedule,threefourths of the building have to be finished by the end of this year.三、中文译成英文 1.He was the only one of the candida
25、tes (能够履行他选举时所作的承诺的人).2.Many a student and teacher (都在仔细研究自己的问题).3.Doctor Smith explained that (不是所有的细菌都是有害的).4.The assistant and graduate student (帮忙批改练习册).5.Lessing is so poor that even (五美元对他来说都是一笔大数目).【分析】简单句。主子的主语为不可数名词 growth，被两个 of 短语所修饰，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。 学英语 找长喜 5 【译文】灵活的兼职工作方式及培训与再培训计划的不断增加使更多
26、的妇女有了就业机会。1.【分析】应该将 has graduated 改为 have graduated。该题考点为 who 引导的定语从句修饰的是 the brightest students,而不是 George，故谓语动词应与 the brightest students 一致，为复数形式。2.【分析】应该将 have been 改为 has been。该题考点为 together with 引起的介词短语表示伴随的人或事物，只能作为修饰主语的状语，而不是主语的并列部分，本句的主语为 a doctor,是单数，故谓语动词采用单数形式。3.【分析】应该将 is 改为 are，将 are 改为
27、 is。本句的主语 my family 是一个集合名词，其谓语动词的形式取决于该集合名词在此句中的意义。从文中的 play bowls 可以看出 family 主要偏重于家庭成员，所以谓语动词为复数。文中的 which 是关系代词引导非限定性定语从句，指前文提到的“playing bowls”，因而谓语动词用单数。4.【分析】应该将 am 改为 are。该题考点为主谓一致问题。本句的主语为 all，表示“所有的人”，是复数名词，其后的谓语动词也应为复数形式，所以为 are。5.【分析】应该将 have 改为 has。该题考点为“分数+名词”作主语时的主谓一致问题。本句的主语为 building
28、，是单数名词，three fourths of 只是作为修饰部分去修饰单数 building，故谓语动词应与 building 一致，为单数形式。1.who was able to carry out his campaign pledge 【分析】该题考查定语从句的主谓一致问题。该题中的定语从句修饰的是 the only one,而不是 candidates,故谓语动词应用单数形式。2.is making a careful study of his own problems 【分析】该题考点为主谓一致问题。本句中“many a+单数名词”虽然表示复数概念，但要求谓语动词用单数形式；of o
29、nes own 表示“属于自己的”，ones 应与前文内容相符，即与 many a student and teacher 同为单数，所以用 his。3.not all bacteria were harmful 【分析】该题考点为宾语从句中的主谓一致问题。bacteria“细菌”，是 bacterium 的复数形式，故谓语动词应采用复数形式，又因为主句用了过去时，从句中的时态应为过去时。4.helps check the exercise books 【分析】该题考查并列结构的主谓一致问题。主语 the assistant and graduate student 其实表示的是同一人，这个人既是 assistant 又是 graduate student，所以应该用 helps。5.five dollars is a big sum to him 【分析】该题考点为主谓一致问题。five dollars 是金钱类的，也应作为整体来看，故谓语动词为单数。