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1、中考语法精讲被动语态我吃了一个苹果，我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被苹果被苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句被字句”我们称之为我们称之为被动语态被动语态。英语中有两种语态：英语中有两种语态：主动语态主动语态和和被动语态。被动语态。一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态主动语态表示主动语态表示主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者。谓语谓语speak的动作是由主语的动作是由主语we执执行的，即主语是是谓语动词所表行的，即主语是是
2、谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。示动作的执行者。两种语态两种语态Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语被动语态被动语态主语主语English是谓语动词是谓语动词speak所表示的动作的承受者。所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态表示被动语态表示主语主语是动作的是动作的承受者承受者。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.我们每天打扫教室。我们每天打扫教室。主动语态主动语态Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我们的教室每天被打扫。我们的教室每天被打扫。被动语态被动语态英语的语态是通过英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化动词形式的变
3、化表现表现出来的。出来的。二、被动语态的基本构成：二、被动语态的基本构成：be+be+动词的过去分词（动词的过去分词（be+done)be+done)bebe随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化1）.一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+doneWecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Heputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.2）.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.3）.一般将来时一般
4、将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedoneTheywillplanttreestomorrow.TreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrowHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.4）.现在完成时现在完成时has/have+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.5）.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should+bedoneIca
5、nfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.三、被动语态的用法三、被动语态的用法1.不知道不知道动作动作的执行者是谁。的执行者是谁。The windoe was broken last night.Rice is grown in the south of China.Many trees should be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。2.强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。作的执行者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chinese is spoken by more and more p
6、eople in the world.3.3.动作不是由人发出的。动作不是由人发出的。许多房屋被冲走了。许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法四、主动语态变被动语态的方法WespeakEnglish.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.2.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebro
7、kenbyhim.Be要随着主语变要随着主语变逻辑主语逻辑主语by来引来引Exercise:He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.Exercise:We call the snowman Mr.Strong.The snowman is called Mr.Strong.Exercise:He bought some fruits yesterday.Some fruits were bought yesterday.主动语态变被动语态的方
8、法主动语态变被动语态的方法 （主语）（主语）（宾语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者动作的执行者 （主语）（主语）（宾语）（宾语）说明：说明：（1 1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2 2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变
9、宾格，并由格，并由byby引导。引导。（3)3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。主动语态中，使役动词（make,let,have）,感官动词（see,hear,watch,feel,notice）后面跟省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to.Isawhimopenthedoorjustnow.刚才我看见他进屋了（主动语态）Hewasseentoopenthedoorjustnow.补充部分补充部分2.主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意
10、义。This kind of shirt sells well.The pen writes smoothly.cost,fit,agreewith(气候，食物等适合于）使用主动表被动。Thebookcostsmetwentyyuan.3.系动词没有被动形式look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：It smells wonderful.Mooncakes taste delicious.3.在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。例：This book is worth reading.4.want/need/require+doin
11、g=want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。happen,takeplace,breakout,have,belongto.课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirth
12、daypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCd
13、onotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB
14、.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,i
15、tlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDCBC8.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everyth
16、inghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten13.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypin
17、gCtobetypedDtyped14.Takecare!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.gooutBCAD16.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelonged
18、toC.belongstoD.belongto17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded_again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20._manytimes,theboystilldidntknowhowtodoit.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.TeachingDCCDB