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1、中考语法精讲被动语态 被动语态的基本构成：被动语态的基本构成： be+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词（be+donebe+done) )1.一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are +done We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned by us every day. He put on a coat. A coat was put on by him.2.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.3.一般将来时一般将来时 sha
2、ll/will /be going to+ be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.4.现在完成时现在完成时has /have +been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim. 5.含有情态
3、动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态 can/may/must/should +be done I can find him. He can be found by me.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。This watch is made in China.2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Many trees should be planted every year.3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。世界上越来越多的人说汉语
4、。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。许多房屋被冲走了。Many houses were washed away by the flood.主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法 （主语）（主语） （宾语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者主动语态：动作的执行者+ +谓语动词的主动形式谓语动词的主动形式+ +动作的承受者动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+ +谓语动词的被动形式谓语动词的被动形式+ +动作的执行者动作的执
5、行者 （主语）（主语） （宾语）（宾语） 说明：说明： （1 1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。 （2 2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由格，并由byby引导。引导。 （3)3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。补充部分补充部分1. 主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主
6、语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。 This kind of shirt sells well.2. look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例： It smells wonderful. Mooncakes taste delicious.3. 在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。例：This book is worth reading. 4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to b
7、e repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner.5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by you tomorr
8、ow.6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written 1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；wi
9、ll have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told ACA4. I
10、need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of
11、 last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken DCBC8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken p
12、lace; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A.
13、 is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt BDAC12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B
14、 typing C to be typed D typed 14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out 15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. g
15、o outBCAD16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed _ again. A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do it. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching DCCDB