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1、实验四 路由协议4.1实验目的（1）了解路由协议的功能与原理；（2）掌握静态路由协议配置；（3）掌握RIP协议的基本配置；（4）掌握OSPF协议的基本配置。4.2实验内容（1）静态路由协议配置；（2）RIP协议的配置；（3）OSPF协议的配置。4.3 实验环境与分组（1）Quidway S3026C交换机2台，Quidway R2611路由器2台，PC机4台，配置电缆2条，网线6条，V.35或V.24电缆一对；（2）每4人一组，每2人作为一小组，每小组共同配置一台路由器；（3）4人协同完成该实验。4.4 实验组网图图4-1 路由协议实验组网图4.5 实验步骤实际组网中路由器是用来连接两个物理网
2、络的，为了模拟实际环境，我们在实验室中采用背靠背直接相连来模拟广域网连接。模拟实验环境组网如图4-1。为了不受路由器原来配置的影响，在实验之前请先将所有路由器的配置数据擦除后重新启动。交换机在此只用作连接主机和路由器用，以便全采用标准网线连接，不需配置。4.5.1 静态路由协议配置第一步：清空路由器的原有配置，重新启动路由器后，查看初始配置并显示路由表如下：RouterAdisplay current-configuration Now create configuration. Current configuration ! version 1.74 sysname RouterA fire
3、wall enable aaa-enable aaa accounting-scheme optional ! interface Aux0 async mode flow link-protocol ppp ! interface Ethernet0 ! interface Ethernet1 ! interface Serial0 clock DTECLK1 link-protocol ppp ! interface Async0 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async1 phy
4、sical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async2 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async3 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async4 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface As
5、ync5 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async6 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async7 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! returnRouterAdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Destination/Mask Proto Pref
6、Metric Nexthop Interface 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0第二步：按图4-1所示配置各路由器接口和各PC的IP地址和缺省网关。为了标识路由器，我们修改路由器名称分别为RouterA、RouterB并完成IP地址的配置，其中RouterA的参考配置命令如下： RouterAinterface e0RouterA-Ethernet0ip address 202.0.0.8 255.255.255.0RouterA-Ethernet0in
7、terface s0RouterA-Serial0ip address 192.0.0.1 255.255.255.0RouterB可以参照RouterA进行设置。第三步：查看完成配置命令后的RouterA的配置信息和路由表信息如下：RouterAdisplay current-configuration Now create configuration. Current configuration ! version 1.74 sysname RouterA firewall enable aaa-enable aaa accounting-scheme optional ! interfa
8、ce Aux0 async mode flow link-protocol ppp ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 202.0.0.8 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet1 ! interface Serial0 clock DTECLK1 link-protocol ppp ip address 192.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Async0 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Asy
9、nc1 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async2 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async3 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async4 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! inter
10、face Async5 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async6 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async7 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! returnRouterAdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Destination/Mask Prot
11、o Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 192.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.0.0.1 Serial0 192.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 202.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 202.0.0.8 Ethernet0 202.0.0.8/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0与第一步骤显示的
12、配置信息和路由信息进行比较，注意它们之间的不同。RouterB的相关信息类似RouterA,可以自己在实验中显示比较。注意：串口的配置需要在接口配置模式下完成shutdown和undo shutdown命令之后才生效。第四步：完成上述配置之后，用ping命令测试网络互通性，会发现两个以太网段不能互通。仔细看看路由表就可以明白，路由器还没有相关的路由。第五步：在这里我们采用配置静态路由的办法来添加路由。分别在RouterA和RouterB上配置到对端以太网段的静态路由，在此只列出RouterA的参考配置命令（RouterB的配置命令可参考RouterA）：RouterAip route-stat
13、ic 202.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.0.2 preference 60第六步：显示RouterA的配置信息和路由表信息如下：RouterAdisplay current-configuration Now create configuration. Current configuration ! version 1.74 sysname RouterA firewall enable aaa-enable aaa accounting-scheme optional ! interface Aux0 async mode flow link-protocol pp
14、p ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 202.0.0.8 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet1 ! interface Serial0 clock DTECLK1 link-protocol ppp ip address 192.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Async0 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async1 physical-mode async async mode proto
15、col link-protocol ppp ! interface Async2 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async3 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async4 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async5 physical-mode async async mo
16、de protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async6 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async7 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! quit ip route-static 202.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.0.2 preference 60 ! returnRouterAdisplay ip routing-tableRoutin
17、g Tables: Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 192.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.0.0.2 Serial0 192.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 192.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 192.0.0.2 Serial0 202.0.0.0/24 Direct 0
18、0 202.0.0.8 Ethernet0 202.0.0.8/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 202.0.1.0/24 Static 60 0 192.0.0.2 Serial0RouterB的相关信息类似RouterA。比较前后路由表发现现在新增了一项静态路由。第七步：此时再测试网络互通性，可以ping通了吗？4.5.2 RIP协议的配置第一步：在上面的实验基础上，删除静态路由的配置之后再启动RIP协议。参考配置命令如下：RouterAundo ip route-static 202.0.1.0 24 192.0.0.2RouterArip waitin
19、g. RIP is runningRouterA-ripnetwork all在RouterB上进行相同的配置，配置命令请参考RouterA。第二步：显示RouterA的配置信息如下：RouterAdisplay current-configuration Now create configuration. Current configuration ! version 1.74 sysname RouterA firewall enable aaa-enable aaa accounting-scheme optional ! interface Aux0 async mode flow l
20、ink-protocol ppp ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 202.0.0.8 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet1 ! interface Serial0 clock DTECLK1 link-protocol ppp ip address 192.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Async0 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async1 physical-mode async a
21、sync mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async2 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async3 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async4 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async5 physical-mode
22、 async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async6 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async7 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! quit rip network all ! quit ! return第三步：显示RouterA的路由表信息如下：RouterAdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Ta
23、bles: Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 192.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.0.0.2 Serial0 192.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 192.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 192.0.0.2 Serial0 202.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 20
24、2.0.0.8 Ethernet0 202.0.0.8/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 202.0.1.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.0.0.2 Serial0RouterB的配置信息和路由表与RouterA类似，学生们实验时可以自己查看，并注意和RouterA之间的区别第四步：测试网络互通性，应该是全网互通的。如果不是，请检查您的配置是否与上面的一致。4.5.3 OSPF协议的配置第一步：清空路由器的原有配置，并重新启动路由器。第二步：按照图4-1配置RouterA和RouterB的各端口信息，并配置OSPF参数后启动OSPF协议。参考配置命令如下
25、：RouterArouter id 1.1.1.1RouterAinterface e0RouterA-Ethernet0ip address 202.0.0.8 255.255.255.0RouterA-Ethernet0interface s0RouterA-Serial0ip address 192.0.0.1 255.255.255.0RouterA-Serial0ospf enable area 0.0.0.2RouterA-Serial0interface e0RouterA-Ethernet0ospf enable area 0.0.0.2RouterA-Ethernet0qui
26、tRouterAospf enable Start OSPF task. OSPF enabledRouterAinterface s0RouterA-Serial0shutdownRouterA-Serial0undo shutdown路由器RouterB的配置命令与RouterA类似，请参照进行配置。第三步：显示RouterA的配置信息和路由表信息如下：RouterAdisplay current-configuration Now create configuration. Current configuration ! version 1.74 sysname RouterA rout
27、er id 1.1.1.1 firewall enable aaa-enable aaa accounting-scheme optional ! interface Aux0 async mode flow link-protocol ppp ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 202.0.0.8 255.255.255.0 ospf enable area 0.0.0.2 ! interface Ethernet1 ! interface Serial0 clock DTECLK1 link-protocol ppp ip address 192.0.0.1
28、255.255.255.0 ospf enable area 0.0.0.2 ! interface Async0 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async1 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async2 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async3 physical-mo
29、de async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async4 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async5 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async6 physical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! interface Async7 phy
30、sical-mode async async mode protocol link-protocol ppp ! quit ospf enable ! quit ! returnRouterAdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 192.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0
31、192.0.0.2 Serial0 192.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 192.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 192.0.0.2 Serial0 202.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 202.0.0.8 Ethernet0 202.0.0.8/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 202.0.1.0/24 OSPF 10 1572 192.0.0.2 Serial0从以上信息可以看出路由表中增加了一条通过OSPF协议产生的路由项。第四步：测试网络互通性，应该是全网互通的。如果不是，请检查您的配置是否与上面的一致。4.6 实验总结通过本实验，应该了解路由协议的功能与原理，掌握静态路由协议配置和两种常见动态路由协议的配置。