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1、质粒质粒DNA的提取及酶切的提取及酶切Isolation of Plasmid DNA and Enzymatic Digestion 2022/12/41一、实验目的一、实验目的(Experimental Purpose)After the experiment is finished,students should be able to isolate plasmid DNA by the alkaline-detergent method.掌握碱去垢剂法提取质粒掌握碱去垢剂法提取质粒DNADNA的方法。的方法。2022/12/42Plasmids are small circular D
2、NA molecules which replicate independently of the host genome and encode antibiotic resistance.They are the commonest vectors for carrying cloned DNA.Some small plasmids use the hosts enzymes to replicate.Larger plasmid may carry genes that encode their own replicative enzymes.质质粒粒是是存存在在于于几几乎乎所所有有细细
3、菌菌中中染染色色体体之之外外的的外外状状DNA分分子子。质质粒粒通通常常携携带带有有染染色色体体上上所所不不存存在在的的基基因因,并并表表现现出出一一些些有有用用的的性性状状,如如抗抗生生素素抗抗性性,耐耐受受重重金金属属等等。质质粒粒拥拥有有自自己己的的复复制制原原点点,因因此此可可以以不不依依赖赖于于染染色色体体而而进进行行独独立立复复制制。一一些些小小的的质质粒粒利利用用宿宿主主细细胞胞的的酶酶进进行行复复制制,而而较较大大的的质质粒粒则则自身携有编码与复制有关的酶。自身携有编码与复制有关的酶。2022/12/432022/12/44Plasmids may be stringent(l
4、ow copy number)or relaxed(high copy number).质粒分为:严紧型质粒分为:严紧型(低拷贝数低拷贝数)和松弛和松弛型型(高拷贝数高拷贝数)Plasmids are frequently used as cloning vectors and alkaline lysis is one of the most widely used methods for the prepar-ation of plasmid DNA.质质粒粒通通常常用用作作克克隆隆载载体体,而而碱碱裂裂解解法法是是制制备备质质粒粒DNA最为常用的方法之一。最为常用的方法之一。2022/1
5、2/45二、二、实验原理实验原理(Experimental Principle)本本方方法法是是依依据据共共价价闭闭合合环环状状质质粒粒 DNA DNA 与与染染色色体体 DNA DNA 在在变变性性和复性之间存在差异进行的。和复性之间存在差异进行的。When suspended in a solution of NaOH and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),the cells are lysed by the high(alkaline)pH.Additionally,the protein and chromosome DNA will be denatured
6、,and precipitate together with cell debris.This method is based on the different rates of denaturation and renaturation of covalently closed circular plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA.当当细细胞胞悬悬浮浮于于 NaOHNaOH 和和十十二二烷烷基基酸酸钠钠(SDS)(SDS)溶溶液液中中时时,在在高高pH(pH(碱碱)的的作作用用下下细细胞胞发发生生裂裂解解,此此外外,蛋蛋白白质质和和染染色色体体DNADNA发发生生
7、变变性性与与细胞碎片一起沉淀下来。细胞碎片一起沉淀下来。2022/12/46In the presence of an acid solution(potassium acetate)and then centrifuged,the plasmid DNA were kept in the supernatant.After the addition of an alkaline solution,the plasmid DNA denaturation also occurred,but the close proximity of the two chains remain.When ad
8、ded to the acidic solution,each of the two chains of plasmid annealed with its complementary strand,thereby forming the original state.加加入入中中和和溶溶液液(乙乙酸酸钾钾)溶溶液液后后离离心心,则则质质粒粒DNADNA则则留留在在上上清液中。清液中。当当加加入入碱碱溶溶液液时时质质粒粒DNADNA也也发发生生变变性性,但但其其两两条条链链仍仍然然靠靠得得很很近近,就就像像一一条条链链上上的的两两个个环环链链,当当加加入入酸酸性性溶溶液液进进行行中中和和时时,
9、质质粒粒DNADNA的的两两条条链链就就分分别别与与其其互互补补链链重重新新退退火火,进进而而形形成成原始状态的质粒。原始状态的质粒。2022/12/47三、三、试剂与器材试剂与器材(Reagents and apparatus).Instruments1.Constant temperature incubator(恒温培养箱)(恒温培养箱)2.Constant temperature shaking table(恒温摇床)(恒温摇床)3.High speed centrifuge(高速离心机)(高速离心机)4.Vortex mixer(涡旋振荡器)(涡旋振荡器)5.Clean Benche
10、s(超净工作台)(超净工作台)6.Autoclave(高压灭菌锅)(高压灭菌锅)7.Pipettes(微量加样器)(微量加样器)2022/12/48.Reagents1.Solution(溶液(溶液)(25mM Tris-HCl pH8.0,50mM glucose,10mM EDTA)(25mM TrisHCl(pH8.0),50mM 葡萄糖葡萄糖,10mM EDTA)2.Solution (溶液(溶液)(0.4M NaOH,2.0%SDS,made fresh just prior to use)(0.4M NaOH,2%SDS(0.4M NaOH,2%SDS 新鲜配制新鲜配制,等体积混和
11、等体积混和)2022/12/493.Solution (溶液(溶液)(5 M potassium acetate,acetic acid)stored on ice.(5M KAC:60ml,(5M KAC:60ml,冰醋酸冰醋酸:11.5ml,:11.5ml,水水:28.5ml):28.5ml)4.TE buffer containing 10g/ml RNase A(preheated to 80 for 10 min inactivate DNase)5.70%ethanol(乙醇)(乙醇).6.Phenol:chloroform 平衡酚平衡酚:氯仿氯仿(1:1)2022/12/4107
12、.LB培养基:培养基:胰化蛋白胨胰化蛋白胨 10g10g 酵母提取物酵母提取物 5g5g NaClNaCl 10g 10g pH 7.0pH 7.0 摇摇动动容容器器直直至至溶溶质质完完全全溶溶解解,用用5mol/L5mol/L氢氢氧氧化化钠钠(约约0.2ml0.2ml)调调节节pHpH值值至至7.07.0,加加入入去去离离子子水水至至总总体体积积为为1000ml1000ml,在在1.0341.03410105 5PaPa高高压压蒸蒸汽汽灭灭菌菌20min20min。8.8.菌种:含质粒的大肠杆菌菌种:含质粒的大肠杆菌2022/12/411.Preparation of Plasmid DNA
13、取种子液取种子液4-6 ml4-6 ml于含有于含有5050g/mlg/ml卡那卡那霉素的霉素的10100 ml LB0 ml LB培培养基中养基中 3737振荡培养(振荡培养(16 h16 h)至)至ODOD600600=1.0=1.0收集收集1.4 ml1.4 ml菌体于菌体于1.5 ml1.5 ml离心管中离心管中 4 4000 rpm 4 4000 rpm 离心离心 2min2min 弃培养液,尽可能干燥弃培养液,尽可能干燥将沉淀悬浮于将沉淀悬浮于100l100l冰冷的冰冷的溶液溶液,剧烈振荡剧烈振荡 室温室温10 min10 min四、实验步骤四、实验步骤(Experimental
14、Procedures)2022/12/412加入加入200l200l溶液溶液(新鲜配置)(新鲜配置),颠倒混,颠倒混 冰浴冰浴5min5min加入加入200l200l冰冷的溶液冰冷的溶液,温和振荡温和振荡 冰浴冰浴 15 min15 min 4 12000 rpm 4 12000 rpm 离心离心 15 min 15 min 上清液转移到另一离心管中(上清液转移到另一离心管中(记录体积记录体积),往上清),往上清液中加入等体积酚:氯仿(液中加入等体积酚:氯仿(1 1:1 1)反复振荡混匀反复振荡混匀4 12000 rpm 4 12000 rpm 离心离心 5 min5 min2022/12/4
15、13上清液转移到另一离心管中上清液转移到另一离心管中(记录体积记录体积),往,往向上清向上清液加入倍体积无水乙醇,振荡混匀,液加入倍体积无水乙醇,振荡混匀,于室温静置于室温静置5min5min 4 4,12000r/min 12000r/min 离心离心5min5min弃上清液,沉淀用弃上清液,沉淀用 1ml 1ml 冰冷的冰冷的70%70%乙醇洗涤乙醇洗涤 4 4,12000 rpm12000 rpm离心离心2min2min 弃上清液,挥发尽乙醇弃上清液,挥发尽乙醇加入加入50l TE50l TE缓冲液溶解质粒缓冲液溶解质粒DNADNA,-20-20冻存冻存 第二次实验(第二次实验(酶切酶切
16、)2022/12/414.Enzymatic Digestion取取5l DNA5l DNA溶液溶液 Take 5l of sample of DNA.加入加入1l 1l 酶切缓冲液和酶切缓冲液和Eco Eco RIRI酶酶1l1l(2U)2U)Add 1l of Enzymatic Digestion buffer and 1l(2U)of Eco RI.补无菌水补无菌水3l3l Add 3l of sterile water.3737保温保温3h3h。Incubate at 37 for 3 hours.2022/12/415五、五、思考题思考题(Questions)1.简简要要叙叙述述溶溶液液、溶溶液液和和溶溶液液的的作作用用,以以及及实实验验中中分分别别加加入入上上述述溶溶液液后后,反反应体系出现的现象及其成因。应体系出现的现象及其成因。2.简简要要叙叙述述酚酚氯氯仿仿抽抽提提体体系系后后出出现现的现象及其成因。的现象及其成因。3.沉沉淀淀时时为为什什么么要要用用无无水水乙乙醇醇及及在在高盐、低温条件下进行?高盐、低温条件下进行?2022/12/416