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1、 英语完形填空考点聚焦及试题演练【考点扫描】“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。“完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有：1. 语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。2. 具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。3. 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4. 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5. 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。可见，完形填空是一种
2、综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。完形填空题的考查目的：1. 考查同学们阅读理解能力。2. 考查同学们语法知识。3. 考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。【名师解难】 一、完形填空题的命题特点完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识 综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出10个空白，要求考生从所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的
3、选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容：1、词汇：此类题目考查的内容是：近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。2、语法：此类题目考查的是：各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。3、结构：此类题目考查的是：文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文
4、之间的逻辑关系。从设空的类型看可分为三个层次：1、句子层次2、句组层次3、全篇层次设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到全篇层次，依次增加。【填空技巧】 一、固定搭配法 在一篇文章中，有些选题是比较简单的，不需要多做分析，即可根据已学知识马上找出正确答案，例如： my way home yestarday, I saw a dog in front me. ( ) A. In ; B. Of ; C. On ; D. To; ( ) (2)A. of ; B. to ; C. from; D. before; 很容易知道on ones way home 和in front of 都是固定搭配短
5、语，因而可知答案分别是C和A。 又如：The pen is worth 。 A. buy; B. buying; C .to buy ; D. buys; 在这个句子中，很明显答案是B，因为be worth 是一个习惯搭配，也就是说后面只能跟动名词，不跟不定式或其它成分，可见本题正确答案一下便可选出是B。 二、逐个排除法 在一道选题中，一般有四个被选答案，有的是每个被选答案全似是而非，即使全文都领会了，叫我们一时选出正确答案也是有一定难度的，或是根本不可能的。在这种情况下，我们便可采用这个方法，名个击破，逐一否定，缩小选择范围，增大概率。当然，当我们最后确定了选项之后，还得将所选答案放入原句进
6、行检验，验证是否准确无误。例如： Neither Tom nor I to Beijing before。 A. has gone; B. have gone; C. has been; D. have been; 根据所学知识，我们知道，以neithernor结构做主谓时，句子谓语的数应与邻近主语取得一致，即本选题中应与主语I 一致，而I 是第一人称单数，故而要先选出含有have的选项B与D，而将A与C排除。又因为have(has )gone to 意为“去地方了”，即是人去了不在的这儿，显然选项B又不含题意。最后剩下的答案D就是要选出的正确答案。再将答案D放入检验，符合题意。 三、逻辑判断
7、法 在个别选题中，其所提供的选项，有的从语法角度进行考虑是正确的，但若从语意上考虑，则会产生矛盾，不合逻辑，此时应着重分析，理解文章和句子语意，对语法无误的几个选项通过逻辑进行判断，甚至选出最完善的答案。如： Li Ping has just come, so he has friends。 A. quite a few; B. few; C. much; D. little; 很明显，答案C与D不能和后面的可数名词friends连用，故而首先排除。剩下的A、B答案，从语法上分析，均对，都没有犯任何语法错误。而从语意上分析，既然“李平刚刚来这儿”，按常理应“没几个朋友”才对，所以答案A在逻辑上
8、不成立，剩下的B答案就是正确答案。但若将原句中的so改成but，则语意上又变成“虽然李平刚来这儿，但他有好多朋友”，故而答案应改为A。 还有一选题，单从几个方面入手还不够，有时要从语态、时态、语序、语意、肯定和否定等诸要素，进行全面考虑，准确判断。如选择名词时，应联系文章主题及空格前后重复出现的词，注意它的数和性；选择动词时，不但要注意其所表示的意义及其惯用语法，而且要注意所给动词的时态、语态；选择连词时，要注意分析文章中前后句和上下文的逻辑关系；选择形容词、副词时，应注意词义区别及比较等级；选择代词时，应注意它的性、数、格是否准确；选择介词时，就要注意其固定搭配。 总之，要提高完形填空的解题
9、能力，除了掌握以上基本步骤和方法外，还必须增加实践量，不断总结经验，掌握技巧，提高解题的准确性，达到事半功倍的效果。【解题步骤】 在做完形填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步：1. 通览全文，了解大意答题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，链条从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于只见树木不见森林而事倍功半。因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过
10、逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。2. 综合考虑，先易后难通览全文后，认真观察选项，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲，逐项选定。经过通读全文，对短文有了整体印象。在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。3. 复读检验，消除疏
11、漏完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，弥补疏漏。 实例点拨请根据下面短文内容，在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, _1_ students are young people.
12、Why do all these people want to learn_2_? It is not_3_to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their _4_. Many people learn English because it is_5_in their work. Some young people learn English_6_their higher studies because some of their books are_7_Englis
13、h. Other people learn English because they want to _8_newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to _9_ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very_10_in our life (生活).1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese3. A. hard B. easy
14、 C. good D. nice4. A. books B. classes C. schools D. subjects (科目)5. A. good B. useful C. fine D. pleased6. A. for B. of C. to D. from7. A. in B. with C. at D. of 8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read9. A. go B. work C. like D. come10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful 答题分三步：第一步： 通览全文通过通览全文，便知本文
15、讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。第二步： 逐项填空本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。1. 选B。some.other(s).意思是一些另一些(泛指)； some.the other(s).意思是一些另一些(特指)。由语境可知，在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。2. 选A。根据上下文可知是English。3. 选B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。4. 选D。由常识可知，English是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。5.
16、选B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。6. 选A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。7. 选A。in English是习惯搭配。8. 选D。读报英语习惯说readnewspapers。9. 选B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。10. 选D。末句点题，英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)。第三步： 复读检验将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。【满分演
17、练】（1）_1_ November 21, you have to do one thing say “hello” to everybody you meet. _2_? Because it is World Hello Day! People all over the world will try to say “hi” to _3_ 10 people.World Hello Day _4_ in 1973. At that time, Israel(以色列) and Egypt _5_ fighting a war. The day was used _6_ a way to hel
18、p stop the war.A “hello” might be easy, but it has the great function to help bring peace. The _7_ people say hello to each other, the _8_ they will fight.So, go out and say hello to people you do not _9_ talk to. Or you could learn how to say “hello” in a _10_ language!（ ）1. A. InB. OnC. AtD. Of（ ）
19、2.A. WhenB. WhatC. WhyD. Where（ ）3.A. leastB. the leastC. at the leastD. at least（ ）4.A. was begunB. begunC. beganD. was began（ ）5.A. were B. areC. wasD. is（ ）6.A. atB. asC. forD. to（ ）7.A. muchB. mostC. moreD. less（ ）8.A. lessB. littleC. leastD. more（ ）9.A. usualB. unusualC. unusuallyD. usually（ ）1
20、0.A. oldB. goodC. newD. same（2）James is a Middle School student. He likes _1_ and hopes to be a pop star. He often _2_ some books about music and wears some strange clothes. And his hair is so _3_ that somebody thinks hes a girl. One day the teacher _4_ something on the blackboard. But the young man
21、 couldnt _5_ anything. He was afraid and went to a _6_ after school. There were many people in the waiting room. He had to _7_. When it was his turn, he came in the doctors _8_.“Whats wrong with you, miss?” asked the doctor.“Sorry, sir,” James said with a _9_ face. “Im a boy. I have poor sight(视力) t
22、his week.”“Go to the barbers(理发店) first, young man,” said the doctor. “I cant find your _10_ at all.”（ ）1. A. playingB. swimmingC. studyingD. singing（ ）2.A. makesB. buysC. showsD. touches（ ）3.A. longB. shortC. niceD. yellow（ ）4.A. readB. talkedC. wroteD. counted（ ）5.A. hearB. listen to C. seeD. look
23、 at（ ）6.A. riverB. cinemaC. shopD. hospital（ ）7.A. waitB. standC. leaveD. finish（ ）8.A. bedroomB. officeC. homeD. classroom（ ）9.A. blackB. greenC. redD. white（ ）10.A. earsB. eyesC. noseD. teeth（3）A generation gap(代沟) has become a serious problem. I read a _1_ about it in the newspaper. Some children
24、 have killed themselves after quarrels with _2_. I think this is because they dont often have a talk with each other. Parents now _3_ more time in the office, _4_ they dont have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel that they dont have the _5_ topic to talk about. I w
25、ant to tell parents to be more with your _6_, get to know them and _7_ them. And for children, show your _8_ to your parents. They are the people who love you. So _9_ them your thoughts(想法). In this way, you _10_ have a better understanding of each other.（ ）1. A. messageB. callC. reportD. letter（ ）2
26、.A. friendsB. teachersC. classmatesD. parents（ ）3.A. spendB. stayC. workD. have（ ）4.A. becauseB. ifC. butD. so（ ）5.A. interestingB. sameC. trueD. good（ ）6.A. businessB. childrenC. workD. office（ ）7.A. get on withB. look afterC. understandD. love（ ）8.A. interestB. secretC. troubleD. feelings（ ）9.A. t
27、ellB. askC. answerD. say（ ）10.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. would（4）An old carpenter(木匠) is ready to retire(退休). He tells his boss he is going to leave the house-building business and live a happy life with his wife.The boss is _1_ to see his good worker go and asks if he can build just one more house as
28、 a personal favor(按个人的心愿). The carpenter says yes, but _2_ is easy to see that his heart is not in his work this time. He works very _3_.When the carpenter _4_ his work, the boss comes to see the house. He hands the front-door key to the carpenter. “This is your house,” he says, “my gift to you.” Th
29、e carpenter is _5_! What a shame! If he knows he is building his own house, he is sure to do it very carefully. So it is with us, we build our lives every day. We often put _6_ our best into the building. Then to our surprise we realize we have to live in the house we have built. If we can do it aga
30、in, we will do it very carefully. _7_ we cannot go back.You are the carpenter. Each day you hammer a nail, place a board, or put up a wall. “_8_ is a do-it-yourself project,” someone has said. Your attitudes(态度) and _9_ choices you make today, build the “house” you live _10_ tomorrow. Build wisely!（
31、 ）1. A. happyB. afraidC. sorryD. sure（ ）2.A. itB. heC. the bossD. the carpenter（ ）3.A. carefullyB. carelesslyC. wiselyD. hard（ ）4.A. beginsB. findsC. looks forD. finishes（ ）5.A. angryB. surprisedC. satisfiedD. happy（ ）6.A. more thanB. less thanC. no more thanD. no less than（ ）7.A. ButB. AndC. OrD. S
32、o（ ）8.A. HouseB. WorkC. CarpenterD. Life（ ）9.A. aB. /C. ourD. the（ ）10.A. onB. forC. uponD. in【课后练习】 （1）It was the afternoon of April 1. The bell rang _1_ the end of school. The students _2_ their books into their bags. They were ready _3_ home.Just at the moment, their English teacher came into the
33、 classroom and said to them, “Hello, boys and girls. Now go over the English lessons, and well have a test _4_ half an hour.” _5_ these words, she left.The students looked at each other in surprise. How sudden! The teacher had never told them they would have a test, yet they took out their English b
34、ooks and began to work hard.They studied and studied. It was getting dark, _6_ the teacher hadnt come yet!The monitor went out to the teachers office. _7_ minutes later, the English teacher came in with a smile. But she had _8_ in her hand!“Im sorry, but do you know _9_?” she said.After the students
35、 heard this, they couldnt help _10_ and saying “April Fools!”（ ）1. A. onB. inC. forD. at（ ）2.A. putB. were putC. would putD. were putting（ ）3.A. to goB. goC. goingD. went（ ）4.A. inB. afterC. laterD. out（ ）5.A. WithoutB. WithC. ForD. In（ ）6.A. andB. butC. orD. so（ ）7.A. FewB. A fewC. LittleD. A littl
36、e（ ）8.A. somethingB. nothingC. everythingD. anything（ ）9.A. what day is todayB. what day today isC. whats the dateD. what the date is（ ）10.A. laughB. to laughC. laughedD. laughing（2）Some _1_ people are worrying about acnes(青春痘) on their faces, and some are worrying about their figures. Do you know w
37、hat _2_ the secret of beauty is? _3_ smile and health, and then you may find the answer.Maybe you are not _4_ with your big nose, your small eyes or your weight. Dont waste energy and feelings on the way you look. In fact when you become an _5_ and look at pictures of your past time, you will find h
38、ow cute you are._6_ is the best way to make you beautiful. When people are happy, they look nice. When people smile or laugh from the _7_ of their hearts, they look very beautiful.Dont worry about your weight too much. Dont _8_ food for it. No one can live _9_ health. So you need to drink lots of wa
39、ter, eat a healthy diet and do enough exercise.When you accept what you have _10_ and enjoy them, you will really become pretty “inside and out”.（ ）1. A. oldB. youngC. bigD. small（ ）2.A. on the earthB. in the earthC. on earthD. in earth（ ）3.A. Think outB. Think upC. Think overD. Think of（ ）4.A. satisfiedB. satisfyC. satisfyingD. satisfactory（ ）5.A. oldB. youngC. childD. adult（ ）6.A. HappyB. HappyingC. HappinessD. Happiest（ ）7.A. topB. bottomC. footD. head（ ）8.A. acceptB. receiveC. refuseD. get（ ）9.A. withoutB. withC. hasntD. has（ ）10.A. ownB. ownedC. owningD. owns