《专题讲座完形填空.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题讲座完形填空.doc（11页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、专题讲座完形填空复习要点完形填空题是对学生英语语言知识与语言运用能力的一种测试。其考查的形式灵活，综合性较强，要求考生能综合运用所学的知识在特定的语境中进行合理的推理判断，并能准确地从四个备选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文结构完整，意义通畅。一、 完形填空题的特点完形填空题能够较为准确地检查学生的各项知识水平和综合运用语言知识的能力。这种题型的主要考查内容为：词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法；固定搭配与习惯表达；阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力。近年来，完形填空题更侧重对语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考查。 完形填空题（cloze test）又叫“克漏字”测验。它有以下两大特点和规律：第一，一篇完形填空
2、题是一个有机的整体。尽管看起来形式上有残缺（若干个空），但它的内容、语言习惯，句与句之间的衔接点，句子与段落之间的联系，段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空题时，通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次是十分重要的一步。考生解题时必须自始至终依托语境，注意上下文之间、词与词之间，从语法到意义的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上启下的过渡词等，如so, but, however, then, therefore, also等。 第二，完形填空题选材广泛。它涉及社会、政治、经济；文化、教育、历史、地理、科普知识、人物故事等。因此，考生做完形填空题时，要快速通览全文，了解
3、文章概貌与各段落的中心意思，把握文章主旨脉络，掌握文章作者的意图。在平时学习中，要注意从以下几个方面训练和提高。 捕捉信息点，弄清逻辑关系：完形填空题短文第一句话通常不设空，这给学生提供了一个语境，使学生能掌握短文的一些初始信息，例如：文章的大概内容，动作发生的基本时间，短文叙述的切入点等。这些基本信息给学生提供一个语境，使学生解题时能够依境而行。但这只是解答完形填空题的最基本的信息，考生还必须依据上下文提供的信息点（如时间、人物、地点、事件、背景等）对文章的脉络有针对性地理解和判断，弄清段落前后的逻辑关系，才能使短文内容沿着合乎逻辑的顺序发展，才能使局部和全局关系一致。 明确词义辨析，考虑固
4、定搭配：不熟悉词语的用法和区别，尤其是同义词语的用法比较，对固定搭配不熟练或记忆不准，都会造成很大的阅读障碍和错误选择，因而考生平时学习时要注重词义辨析，牢固掌握固定搭配。只有这样，考试时才能应付自如。 运用语法知识，具备各方面知识：在分析完形填空题所给选项时，仅考虑符合短文大意和固定搭配是不够的。有些题中还须考虑语法结构是否正确，知识内容是否正确等。有些答案不能直接从短文中找到，而是需要通读全文，根据全文大意，考虑各方面的知识来选择，这就要求考生在学习中要广泛涉及各科知识，做一个学习上的有心人。 检查核对，确保无误：选好所有答案后，还需要核对检查。将所选答案一一放在短文中的空白处阅读，看看内
5、容是否完整，语句是否通顺，语法是否有误，是否符合逻辑。有些错误只能在通读全文、考生站在整体的高度上才能发现。只有认真审核，才能提高答题的准确度。二、 完形填空题的设空规律为了对完形填空题的各种类型有一个深入的了解，探索一下该题型的设空规律是有必要的。 上下文直接信息题：本类题的设置特点是，四个选项之间不存在词义区别和用法比较。考生应着眼于对上下文信息的捕捉和对上下文暗示的领会。如下列“考题1”中的第7、8、9小题。 词、句、文三结合理解题：本类题的设置特点是：其中某一个或几个选项代入空白处会使句意不通或严重违背上下句意义的衔接或直接与短文内容不符，考生在做这类题时要对各选项的词义作准确的把握。
6、如下列“考题1”中的第4、5小题。 词义辨析题：本类题的设置特点是，各选项代入空中后该句的语法都是正确的，但是句子出现了几种不同的含义。在做这类题时，考生要认真比较各词之间的细微差别。如下列“考题1”中的第1、11、15小题。 语法知识和固定短语考查题：考生在解答本类题时要注意句子的语法结构要正确：如时态、语态等；对固定短语要注意其结构的完整性，如下列“考题1”中的第10小题。 行文逻辑和全文中心把握题：本类题的设空特点是：把各选项中的对象代入空格中可导致上下文之间出现因果关系、递进关系、转折关系、条件关系等。做本类题时，考生要注意全文的主线或脉络，仔细分析上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而准确地选出
7、正确答案。如下列“考题1”中的第2、13小题。三、 做题中的推测手段 根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测：注意上下文的逻辑联系和文章的逻辑关系是做好完形填空题的关键，它要求考生在了解文章大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用思维逻辑进行比较、判断，找出既符合词义、句意，又符合上下文语境，合理的正确答案。 根据语篇标志进行推测：语篇一般是指比单一句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇和语篇之间往往有标明其内在联系的词语，这些词语称为“语篇标志”，例如：表示结构层次的firstly, secondly等，表示逻辑关系的therefore, so, but等，表示话题改变的by the way等。在做完形填
8、空题时，充分利用这些语篇标志可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文之间的关系。 根据文化背景知识进行推测：完形填空题考查的知识面较广，从文化、科学常识，到历史地理知识；从风俗民情到民族习惯等等，无所不考。考生在做这类题时，要特别注意中西文化方面所存在的差异。具备了一定的文化背景知识，才能比较准确地判断正确答案。 根据常识进行判断：中学生已经掌握了较丰富的科学与生活常识，也具备了一定的判断能力。在考查语言知识和技能的同时，考查这些简单的常识性的问题，也是对学生知识面的检测。 根据语法知识进行推测：对于考查语法知识的考题，不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点进行分析，并根据其
9、语法结构和句式特点进行合理推测，从而迅速解决问题。 运用词汇知识推测答案：完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要集中在词语的搭配和同义词的辨析两大方面。要做好这类题目，首先要有较大的词汇量，较强的词语搭配能力，以及在语句中理解词义的能力，做题时要结合上下文的语境，确定词的意义。1完形填空：阅读下面短文，选出最佳答案：“Ring ring” the telephone suddenly rang. Sam got up to 1 the call. It was his aunt. “Sam, 2 are you still at home?” she asked surprisingly.Sam
10、1ooked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m.“Oh, my goodness! Theres an important 3 today,” Sam shouted out.He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . When he was going to leave the house, he 5 that he had not put away his books. He ran quickly to the 6 and put them into the bag.He then went to the b
11、us stop to go to school as 7 as he could. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were 8 writing.“Why are you so 9 ?” asked the teacher . “Im sorry, sir,” Sam answered, afraid of looking 10 . “It was my clock. It 11 to wake me up this morning and .” “Dont say anything about it,” his teacher 1
12、2 him. “Dont try to come late next time!”Sam said yes and walked to his 13 quickly. But when he tried to do the paper, he could not 14 in a right way. He put his head on the desk and said, “What a 15 day it has been for me!”1. A. find B. give C. put D. answer2. A. why B. how C. when D. where3. A. ta
13、lk B. party C. exam D. meeting4. A. tired B. lost C. dressed D. rested5. A. forgot B. remembered C. understood D. thought6. A. classroom B. desk C. bus D. door7. A. carefully B. quietly C. early D. fast8. A. worried B. free C. busy D. careful9. A. 1ate B. ill C. lonely D. ready10. A. down B. up C. o
14、ut D. back11. A. happened B. stopped C. failed D. pointed12. A. helped B. knew C. followed D. stopped13. A. room B. table C. seat D. teacher14. A. think B. sit C. turn D. speak15. A. short B. bad C. happy D. usual分析 这是一篇关于一个学生考试迟到的事。短文一开始就是电话铃声，Sam应该起来接电话，所以第l空中应选D，这四个动词中只有answer能表示“接电话”这个含义。第2空中要选择
15、一个副词，句中已含有still at home等状语，故不能选择when，where, how表示方式，如用在本句中则句意不通，所以选A。第3空，从后文知，Sam是到学校去，故应选C。对于学生来说，exam是学生最可能要做的事，并且后文说到其他学生在writing。第4空，get dressed意为“穿衣服”，要注意这个短语的完整性。第5空，从前一句中的动词leave以及后文中的一系列动作可知，本空中应填remembered才符合逻辑，其他词不能使文章通顺。第6空要注意分析备选项的意义；从后文he had not put away his books可知选B最合适，因书应该是放在课桌上。第7空
16、中应填fast，因Sam 要迟到了。第8空中要注意在形容词后接writing，故选busy。第9空，从上文知，Sam 已经迟到了，故老师应问他迟到的原因，选A。第10空表明Sam的态度，他害怕抬头看老师，故选up。第11空，Sam所陈述的理由是闹钟未响，故填failed。第12空，从上文Sam的话没说完知道这时老师打断了他的话，故选stopped。第13空，Sam 在教室里走去的当然是seat。第14空，本空说明Sam 思维混乱，不能思考，选A。第15空，综合上文可知Sam 感到这一天太糟糕，故选B 。四、完形填空专项练习：（1） A man and his wife had a dog to
17、 keep their house. When they went out, they always left the dog inside the house. One evening they wanted 1 to the cinema, 2 they left the dog in the house and locked the door and their 3 . They 4 their car.When the film finished, they came back home. They opened the gate and put the car 5 . But whe
18、n they came to the front door, they found that part of the glass 6 the door was broken. The door was unlocked and 7 . A robber! They went in and quickly looked in all the rooms to see 8 things the robber had taken. But everything was in the 9 place and nothing at all 10 . The dog 11 in the sitting r
19、oom on the floor. The lady was 12 the dog. “Why didnt you keep the house?” she said. The dog was 13 to see its owners. It began to wag its tail (摇尾巴) and then it went to a corner of the room and picked up something in its mouth. It went to the lady and 14 the thing at her feet. When the lady went to
20、 pick it up, she gave a scream (尖叫). Can you guess what the dogs present was?It was a mans 15 !(1) A. go B. to go C. going D. gone(2) A. so B. but C. then D. because(3) A. gardens gate B. gardens gate C. gardens gate D. garden gate(4) A. got off B. got on C. got into D. went on(5) A. up B. down C. a
21、way D. into(6) A. at B. in C. on D. to(7) A. half-open B. half-opens C. half-opened D. half-opening(8) A. the B. all C. that D. what(9) A. right B. left C. wrong D. just(10) A. to miss B. to be missing C. was missed D. was missing(11) A. was slept B. felt asleep C. was sleeping D. fell sleeping(12)
22、A. afraid of B. angry with C. worried about D. surprised at(13) A. sad B. pleased C. quick D. clever(14) A. pulled B. threw C. dropped D. took(15) A. finger B. fingers C. heart D. teeth（2） It was almost 9:00 p. m. when Mia Jameson left her office to go home. It was 1 . She started her car and she 2
23、down the dark road that led to her house in the country. She 3 the radio and sang songs while she was driving. The heater (暖气机) wasnt working, and singing helped to keep her 4 . The snow was heavy. Then Mia went across a small 5 . The bridge was covered with ice and the car went out of control (失去控制
24、). Mia hit her head on the steering wheel and lost consciousness (知觉). When she 6 , her head was bleeding (流血), and she was shaking from the cold. She didnt know 7 she was. Mia opened the car door and looked around. She was under the bridge, and her car was sitting on the 8 river! She felt very 9 .
25、She knew the ice wouldnt 10 her car for very long. She 11 to walk up the hill several times, but she kept falling in the snow. Mia tried 12 time. She fell again, but this time she couldnt get up. She knew that 13 could see her car under the bridge. She was lying in the snow, and she couldnt 14 . Mia
26、 closed her eyes and 15 die. Then she heard a voice. Mia opened her eyes. There was an old man standing over her. She stood up and walked up with the help of the old man. “Thats my truck,” said the old man. “Get in and Ill take you home.”(1) A. raining B. cool C. snowing D. late(2) A. ran B. drove C
27、. walked D. rode(3) A. turned on B. turned over C. turned off D. turned down(4) A. happy B. not alone C. warm D. not lonely(5) A. bridge B. village C. town D. farm(6) A. got up B. came back C. looked up D. woke up(7) A. how B. what C. why D. where(8) A. deep B. frozen C. wide D. cold(9) A. angry B.
28、sad C. surprised D. afraid(10) A. keep B. pull C. take D. hold(11) A. tried B. wanted C. would like D. seemed(12) A. one B. one more C. other D. the other(13) A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one(14) A. feel B. hear C. move D. go(15) A. waited to B. had to C. was able to D. decided to（3） I am
29、sitting in an empty football field after my last high school football game that finished a few hours ago. Im the mid-field player on my team. But in fact thats not 1 now. I was the mid-field player because, as I said, this was my 2 game. Thats a good way to end a high school football career (生涯), es
30、pecially if you win, but even though you dont, its 3 to leave at a high point. I was eight when I first started playing football. My dad 4 football, and he used to practise with me at home passing, catching, running. We used to practise almost every evening 5 it got too dark. He tried to teach me ev
31、erything he knew about the 6 . “Just remember: dont ever 7 .” “Stay in the game. Dont lose your concentration (专注).” “Go out there and give 110 percent every time.” Well, that was a long time ago, but I still hear his words 8 in my ears. I had a lot on my mind 9 the game today. I dont like things to
32、 end, I guess, and this was the last game. I was talking to myself and warning myself about what to do and not to do. I didnt sleep at all 10 , and when the sun came up this morning, I reached the point where 11 just wanted it all to be over, finished, done. But then when the game started, my mind b
33、ecame 12 . I just lived in this game, this moment. I didnt hear the crowd, I didnt feel the cold or the pain, I never felt tired. I just kept my eyes on the 13 , and it was just me and the ball and, inside, a soft, white light 14 me the way to the goal. It was a beautiful, empty feeling. Its all ove
34、r now, and its really getting cold here. Its starting to snow. The suns almost gone, and I can 15 see the goal. Now its dark and Im sitting here all alone. Well, I guess its time to say good-bye and move on.(1) A. true B. wrong C. strange D. clear(2) A. first B. last C. worst D. favourite(3) A. good
35、 B. bad C. lucky D. painful(4) A. needed B. hated C. missed D. loved(5) A. until B. when C. unless D. although(6) A. football B. game C. goal D. score(7) A. grow up B. catch up C. give up D. hurry up(8) A. ringing B. saying C. falling D. coming(9) A. from B. before C. through D. after(10) A. tonight
36、 B. yesterday C. today D. last night(11) A. we B. they C. I D. he(12) A. empty B. full C. rough D. awake(13) A. way B. field C. ball D. match(14) A. sending B. teaching C. pointing D. showing(15) A. already B. hardly C. never D. clearly（4）My wife and I spent a few weeks in London last year. We went
37、there in autumn. We think it is the ( 1) season to visit England. The weather is usually quite good (2) there arent too many (3) in October. We stayed in a small (4) in the West End. We (5) most of our sightseeing (观光) on foot. We went to look at the places which all travelers (6) . We went (7) and
38、spent too much money. What we liked most was going to the (8) . We dont have the chance to see such (9) plays at home. A lot of people say English (10) is very bad. We didnt think so. It is (11) that most of the restaurants are French, Italian or Chinese, but had some very (12) meals. In fact, we (1
39、3) our holiday so much that we have already decided to (14) there again this year. We are going to take our umbrellas, (15) . Im sure well need them sometimes.1. A. busiest B. working C. best D. hottest2. A. and B. or C. as D. so3. A. players B. travellers C. places D. things4. A. station B. hotel C
40、. office D. cinema5. A. missed B. showed C. used D. did6. A. live B. stay C. see D. work7. A. shopping B. fishing C. swimming D. climbing8. A. shops B. cinemas C. restaurants D. theatres9. A. well B. wonderful C. terrible D. sad10. A. language B. film C. clothes D. food11. A. impossible B. true C. i
41、mportant D. necessary12. A. tasty B. poor C. fresh D. expensive13. A. spent B. enjoyed C. paid D. finished14. A. live B. eat C. go D. spend15. A. still B. though C. already D. yet（5） Jenny was English. She was a good girl _1_ she was often late for school. One morning she was late again. Mr Black, her teacher, was angry with her when she came into the classroom. Ill write to your