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1、Nonfinite Nonfinite VerbsVerbs(非谓语动词非谓语动词)2021/8/9星期一1谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的固定用法。态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的固定用法。e.g.He works.He takes care of the baby.He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.You are students.You look smart.单句谓语或动单句谓语或动词短语词短语情态动词情态
2、动词/助动助动词词+v.系动词系动词+表语表语半系动词半系动词+表语表语2021/8/9星期一2非谓语：主要包括不定式非谓语：主要包括不定式1.（to do），），2.ving形式形式以及过去分词以及过去分词3.（done）。）。无人称，数的变化，不单无人称，数的变化，不单独独作谓语作谓语，但，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语、宾补或状保留动词特点，可以有宾语、宾补或状语语(短语）短语）。e.g.He works.He wants to work here.He is working now.He has done his work.You are students,so you dont work
3、 in the factory.Being students,you dont work in the factory.2021/8/9星期一3过去分词过去分词不定式不定式V.-ing V.-ing 形式形式非谓语动词高考题高考题巩固巩固 题题1 1巩固巩固 题题2 21.adj.adv.2.n.1.n.adj.adv.Adj.Adv.1.Vt pp(被动被动.完成完成）2.Vi pp（完成）完成）3.adj=vt pp(固定，固定，在英语字典中，死记）在英语字典中，死记）在句中的功能和作用在句中的功能和作用2021/8/9星期一4非谓语形式在句中的位置1、V+ing（单个或词组作主语时，它放
4、在句子谓语的前面；作表语和宾语时，放在系动词的后面或Vt(一些固定动词）的后面；作定语时，单个放在名词的前面，短语放在名词的的后面，相当于一个省掉了主语和主动词的定语从句；作宾语补助语时，放在宾语的后面，表示正在进行的动作或内容，作状语时，相当于一个省掉了主语和助动词的谓语，放在句前或句未。2021/8/9星期一5非谓语的时态和语态 A、(do)V+ing 时态语态1、doing （一般式）（主动的进行）2、being done （一被式）（被动式的进行）3、having done (完主式）（谓语前完成的主动）4、having been done （完被式）（谓语前完成的被动）B、(do)t
5、o do 1、to do (一般式）（谓语后的主动动作）2、to be done (一被式）（谓语后的被动动作）3、to having done (完主式）（谓语前的主动动作）4、to having been done（完被式）（谓语前的被动动作）2021/8/9星期一6非谓语形式单个或短语的例子一、单个v+ing（定语）（位置）动词意义1、a singing girl 名词之前 a flying bird (表名词主动和正在进行）2、an interesting film.名词之前 a frightening story 名词之前（用作修饰名词的内容）3、a walking stick 名词
6、之前 a reading room 名词之前(说明名词的功能和作用）二、短语Vt+N+Prep+N（定）名词之后(表名词主动和正在进行)3、the students training on the playground(who are training on the playground)4、the pigeon flying in the sky(that are flying in the sky)5、students being taught in the classroom (that are taught in the classroom)6、The school being bui
7、lt on the top of the hill (that is built on the top of the hill)(表一个被动的正在进行的动作）A A、单个、单个、单个、单个v+ingv+ing形式（定语）形式（定语）形式（定语）形式（定语）(注意位置）注意位置）注意位置）注意位置）短语短语短语短语 Vt+N.Vt+N+Prep+NVt+N.Vt+N+Prep+N（定语）（定语）（定语）（定语）2021/8/9星期一7三、V+ing+n+prep+n(补语）1、I heard the different birds (在树枝上唱歌）singing on the branches.
8、2、At the moment the mice are seen(在地上到处跑）running on the ground.3、At present the clock is watched(在鸡笼里打鸣）crowing in the hencoop.4、We definitely heard people（被打）（被打）,and moved around in the big hill.being beaten2021/8/9星期一81、单个、单个v+ing 相当名词相当名词 (位置位置）（意义）（意义）（名词的位置）（抽象、说理）Reading is studying and using
9、 is also studying 2、短语、短语 Vt+N.Vt+N+Prep+N（主、定、宾和表语）（主、定、宾和表语）Reading in the dim room is harmful to your eyes.(辨别功能）The washing machine is my helper.(辨别功能）We have finished reading the novel.(辨别功能）She said she fled to the UK in 2002 after being beaten and victimized because of her sexuality.(辨别功能）辨别功
10、能）They dont make those profits except by doing one thing,which is denying health care.(辨别功能）辨别功能）B B、单个单个单个单个v+ing v+ing 形式形式形式形式 （主语、表语和宾语主语、表语和宾语主语、表语和宾语主语、表语和宾语）短语短语短语短语 Vt+N+Prep+N Vt+N+Prep+N（主语、表语和宾语）（主语、表语和宾语）（主语、表语和宾语）（主语、表语和宾语）2021/8/9星期一9 1.在在suggest,keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,a
11、void,admit,advise,consider,imagine,appreciate,escape等后不能用不定式作宾语；在等后不能用不定式作宾语；在forget,remember,regret,mean,try等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。如：但意义差别较大。如：I forgot seeing her.我忘记见过她。我忘记见过她。(以前见过以前见过)I forgot to post the letter.我忘记寄信了。我忘记寄信了。(信没寄信没寄)Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。知识就是力量。They sho
12、uld try dancing if they havent learned the musicBuying online could mean doing time.We remember seeing you in 1999.Do you remember to pay the subscription(定金）to the computer magazine?C、注意：、注意：后只能用“V+ing 或或 V+ing+n+prep+n”2021/8/9星期一102.在表示在表示“需要需要”的的need,want 和和 require等后用等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式
13、的被动形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式式。As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need (repair).(陕西陕西)-Robert is indeed a wise man.-Oh,yes.How often I have regretted (not take)his advice!(安徽安徽)repairing/to be repairednot taking2021/8/9星期一11（3）动名词可以和一些介词如in,on,after,against,before
14、,by,for,without,besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。He left ahead of time without saying a word.他一句话也没说就提前离开了。Besides cooking and sewing,she had to take care of four children.除了做饭和缝纫以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。On hearing the news,all the pupils jumped with joy.听到这个消息后，所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。2021/8/9星期一12D、几个动名词短语的固定用法，一般采用1.It is +V+ing+n
15、+Phrase句式来表示It is no use waiting for him any longer.等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。It is useless talking about it with him.和他谈这件事是没用的。Its a waste of time arguing about it.辩论这事是浪费时间2021/8/9星期一132.There is no”句式来表示There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。Ther
16、e is no littering about.不许乱扔杂物。不许乱扔杂物。There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡历史车轮不可阻挡。2021/8/9星期一14D、Revision:1、The function of V-ing 1.is very useful.（学习外语）（学习外语）2.I enjoy .（说英语）（说英语）3.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by（观察肢（观察肢体语言）体语言）4.The music sounds 5.My job is
17、 6.There is a pool in our school（游泳）（游泳）7.The boy is a classmate of mine8.W watch the children 9.the baby stopped crying.(听见她妈听见她妈妈的声音妈的声音)(subject)(站在那里）站在那里）(object)Learning a foreign languagespeaking Englishwatching his body language.exciting（令人兴奋）（令人兴奋）pointing papers(印卷子印卷子)。swimmingstanding ov
18、er therediving into the river from the top（从那顶部潜入河中（从那顶部潜入河中Hearing her mothers voice,2021/8/9星期一15E、V-ing as Adverbial1.,the baby stopped crying(听见他的声音）听见他的声音）.2.He cut off the electricity（阻止了事故阻止了事故）,3.she hurried to the school to take her home（有人告诉她女儿生病有人告诉她女儿生病）(not)V-ing（一般式的否定式）（一般式的否定式）(not)h
19、aving done（完成式否定式）（完成式否定式）(not)having been done完成进行时否完成进行时否4.,he prevented an accident(他切他切断电源后断电源后）.5.,sheknowshowtogrowvegetables（在乡下生活了许多年）在乡下生活了许多年）.6.she is becoming more and more homesick（由于长时间没有收到家里由于长时间没有收到家里的消息）的消息）.V-ing 的形式Hearing a soundpreventing an accidentHaving been told her daughter
20、 was sick,Having lived in the country for many yearsNot having received any news from home for a long time,Having cut off the electricity2021/8/9星期一16Revision（一）动词不定式（一）动词不定式 to do 作用作用（The function of“to do”）1.What does it mean to be a scientist?2.Nothing in life is to be feared 3.People who listen
21、 to Hawkings lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him.4.The doctor told him that he might not have more than twelve months to live.5.He travelled around the world to give lectures.6.He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.7.The teacher asked us to write a composition ab
22、out a famous scientist.7.Nor did he let the disease stop him from living(subject)(predicative)(object)(attribute)(adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)(object complement)2021/8/9星期一171.John stepped forward so as to be introduced to the visitors.2.2.Anne stepped forward so as to introduce the visi
23、tors to us.3.3.They seem to have met each other before.Didnt you notice that.4.4.They seem to know each other.5.5.When mother came into my room,I pretended to be reading a letter.6.6.Ill write down your name and address so as not to forget them.（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态小结(not)to do(not)to be do
24、ne(not)to have(been)done(not)to be doing一般式，主动一般式，主动，（谓后）将来。，（谓后）将来。宾补宾补时表动作结束时表动作结束一般式，被动，（谓后）一般式，被动，（谓后）将来。同上将来。同上完成式，主动完成式，主动（被动）谓语前（被动）谓语前进行式进行式2021/8/9星期一18过去分词过去分词 done若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动被动；动作已经完成完成（即先于谓语动词）若是不及物动词（vi）则只表示完成完成。如：a broken glass=a glass which has been broken a fallen tree=a tree whi
25、ch has fallen(down)1.形式与含义形式与含义2021/8/9星期一192.成分 1)作表语作表语 eg She is interested in the job.All the audiences are moved.2)作定语作定语 eg.Tigers and lions are animals which are endangered.All the people who are invited to the meeting are VIP.Tigers and lions are endangered animals.We can see a lot of leaves
26、 which have fallen on the ground.All the people invited to the meeting are VIP.We can see a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.2021/8/9星期一203）作宾补作宾补 eg Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard.We have our classroom cleaned every day.4)作状语作状语（比较：When we saw from the top of the mountain,we fou
27、nd the viilage very small.=Seeing from the top of the mountain,we found the village very small.）eg.If it is seen from the top of the mountain,the village looks very small.Seen from the top of the mountain,the village looks very small.eg.The teacher entered the room and he was followed by some studen
28、ts.The teacher entered the room,followed by some students.2021/8/9星期一21判断下列句子中过去分词（判断下列句子中过去分词（done）的成分：的成分：1.Folded in his pocket,the letter wasnt found until twenty years later.2.No matter how hard he tried,he couldnt make himself believed.3.We can see excited expression on her face.3.When heated,
29、ice will be changed into water.4.She had her bike repaired yesterday.5.We were all inspired by her inspiring speech.6.Given an apple,the child stopped crying.7.The boy named Tom is an orphan.adverbialObject complementattributeadverbialObject complementpredicativeadverbialattribute2021/8/9星期一22例4 As
30、there was nobody，he had to go alone.There _ nobody,he had to go alone.If time permits,I will go to see you.Time_,I will go to see you.As the work had been finished,he went to bed.The work_,he went to bed.being permitting当存在不同主语时，可以用Ving形式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构。finished2021/8/9星期一23不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用例1._ mak
31、es me happy to find the key.A.That B.It C.What D.WhetherB解析：不定式做主语，常用“it”作为形式主语放于句首，常见句型有it is adj.(for sb.)to do sth.但是强调当形容词与人的品性有关是 改 for 为 of.e.g.It is nice of you to say so.It 也可充当形式宾语使用。2021/8/9星期一24不定式不定式例2NMET2000第19题Iveworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexp
32、ectingD.expectsB解析：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain不定式的不定式的作用作用2021/8/9星期一25不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用例3:You are the third one _ the room.A.to enter B.entering C.entered A解析：不定式做定语时为后置定语，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词 way/chance/opportuni
33、ty等 或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。注意：I need a pen to write with.(不及物动词要加介词)2021/8/9星期一26例4NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式不定式解析：因为主语是the purpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot t
34、odo 句型，故选B。不定式的不定式的作用作用2021/8/9星期一27不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用 在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后to不可省略。例5:You are not allowed _ the books out.A.taking B.to taken C.take D.to takeD解析：allow sb.to do当被改为被动态时，为sb.be allowed to do.
35、2021/8/9星期一28不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用例6：I got up early to catch the bus.He went out never to return.He is too young to go to school.I am happy to meet you.A.Adverbial of purpose B.Adverbial of result C.Adverbial of reasonABCB2021/8/9星期一29例例7 NMET 1997第第12题题Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrah
36、ourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式不定式解析：解析：该题考查动词不定式做宾语的 用法。would love(like)to 是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Would love+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态2021/8/9星期一30例例8 NMET 2002 第第14题题Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheyw
37、illenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen 例如：It was the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers.The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be rather difficult.B解析解析：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动被动关系用被动.2021/8/9星期一31不定式不定式例例9 NMET 1996年
38、年 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operationThe patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatA.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatC 解析解析：该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，warnsb.nottodosth.warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用结构另外，not应放在t
39、o之前。不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式2021/8/9星期一32V.-ing 形式形式例例 NMET1998Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作状语和定语的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorp
40、han.Herushedtothepostofficeonly tofinditwasclosed2021/8/9星期一33V.-ing 形式形式例例2 a sleeping baby a sleeping bagVing 做定语时可以用来修饰名词的状态，用途，特点等。boiling water boiled water an exciting game an excited man ving做定语时可以强调动作的进行以及主动的关系，反之则用过去分词2021/8/9星期一34V.-ing 形式形式例3.I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the compo
41、sition.A.to sign,to writing B.to sign,writing C.signing,writing有些动词后接to do为宾语，而有些则接ving，比如finish,suggest,mind,practise等，但要注意一下动词forget，remember,regret,try，mean等既可以加to do也可加doing，但是意义不同。B2021/8/9星期一35过去分词过去分词1.作状语例例1 NMET1996第第23题题_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.Los
42、tD.ToloseC解析：1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“2.“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种表达法，有两种表达法，A.Lose oneself in A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought.thought B.be lost in thought.（比较：比较：Losing Losing himself in thought,he almost ranhimself in thought,he almost ran）过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。2021/8/9
43、星期一36过去分词过去分词2.作定语例例2 NMET1997第第17题题TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C，didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA 过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.解析2021/
44、8/9星期一37过去分词过去分词3.作表语例例3 NMET1998第第23题题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析：该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.2021/8/9星期一38过去分词过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见的还有watch(notice,ob
45、serve,have和make)sth.done.例例4 NMET2000第第22题题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析2021/8/9星期一39历年高考题1.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan_(03上海春)AkeptBtobekeptCkeepingDbeingkept2._themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencourage
46、mentAThepresidentwillattendBThepresidenttoattend(03上海春)CThepresidentattendedDThepresidentsattending3.Unless_tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconferenceAinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvited(03上春)4.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive(03上海春)
47、AtohaveplayedBtoplayCtobeplayedDtobeplayingADAB2021/8/9星期一405.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6._downtheradio-thebabysasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinven
48、tB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented8.-Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.-Thatsallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding2021/8/9星
49、期一4110.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIre
50、gret_that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing2021/8/9星期一4215.Shecanthelp_the