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1、非谓语动词考点归纳 高三英语总复习课件2021/8/9 星期一1非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子一个句子当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but leftherhandbagonherseat.2021/8/9 星期一2非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能2021/8/9 星期一3名称名称语语 法法 功功 能能 主语主语宾语宾语宾语补宾语补足语足语表
2、语表语定语定语状语状语不定不定式式动名动名词词现在现在分词分词过去过去分词分词2021/8/9 星期一4可充当成分可充当成分:主语主语,宾语宾语,宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语表语,定语定语,状状语语.一、不定式一、不定式2021/8/9 星期一5不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改有时它把句型改，作主宾时用作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，七个感官三使役，宾补要把宾补要把to甩开甩开
3、；疑问词后接上它，疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，逻辑主语不定式，不定式前不定式前forsb.;to前前not是否定是否定，各种用法区别开。各种用法区别开。不定式在七个感官动词不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三个使役动词三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时等后作宾补时,to要省略要省略2021/8/9 星期一61.不定式作主语不定式作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwo
4、thingsatatimeistodoneither2021/8/9 星期一72.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语Youneedntbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arr
5、ange、determine、desire2021/8/9 星期一81.Ithinkyoullgrow_himwhenyouknowhimbetter.AlikingBtobelikeCtolikeDtobeliking2021/8/9 星期一92.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard2021/8/9 星期一103.不定式作表语不定式作表语l lWhatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travel
6、abroad.l lThemostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主语的内容或性质主语的内容或性质 HeistomarryRose.表按计划要做的事情表按计划要做的事情.2021/8/9 星期一114.不定式作定语不定式作定语l lIneedapentowritewith.l lCharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.l lThemeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.2021/8/9 星期一125.不定式作宾语补足语不定式
7、作宾语补足语Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have2021/8/9 星期一13Myadvisorencouraged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake2021/8
8、/9 星期一146.不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.相当于用相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的引导的目的状语目的状语.2021/8/9 星期一151.Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2Allthesegiftsmustbemailed
9、immediately_intimeforChristmas.AinordertohavereceivedBinordertoreceiveCsoastobereceivedDsoastobereceiving2021/8/9 星期一163._moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.ATofindout BFindingoutCFindoutDHavingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_alookatthesportsstars
10、.A.hadB.having C.tohaveD.have2021/8/9 星期一177.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语l l常用常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词形容词/副词副词+asto,such+名词名词astodo引导。引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.2021/8/9 星期一
11、181.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtold2.Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingB.C.foundD.tohavefound2021/8/9 星期一198.不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语常放在常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.2021/8/9 星期一209.
12、不定式的完成式不定式的完成式.表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等等动词常用于上面句型。动词常用于上面句型。2021/8/9 星期一21此外，此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、dis
13、appointed后也接完成时，但要后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。注意与一般时的区别。Imsorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）2021/8/9 星期一221.Youweresillynot_yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedB.C.lockingD.havinglocked2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butI
14、mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard3.-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveB.C.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft2021/8/9 星期一2310.不定式的省略现象不定式的省略现象l l不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,l
15、istento,overhear,observe和和使役动词使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略不定式省略to。l l例例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.l l介词介词but,except,besides后接不定式作宾语时，后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去不定式要省去to。l l例例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.2021/8/9 星期一24l l不定式符号不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词有行为动词do,作
16、表语的不定式作表语的不定式to可省略。可省略。例例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.2021/8/9 星期一251.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone2.Wevemissedthelastbus.Imafraidwehavenochoicebut_ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.taken2021/8/9 星期一2611.不定式后动词的省略不定式后动词的省略 l l动词动词love,mea
17、n,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式不定式符号。符号。2021/8/9 星期一271.-WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.-_.A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.B.Id
18、loveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.C.No,IwouldntD.Thatsallright2.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany?-Yes,heintends_.A./B.toC.soD.that2021/8/9 星期一28句式句式wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,oughttohavedone,neednthavedone,usedtobe等省略形式为等省略形式为wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,neednthave,usedtobe,要保留不要保留不定式后的定式后的be或
19、或have。例例-Areyouasailor?-No,butIusedtobe(asailor).2021/8/9 星期一291.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdontknow_.A.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodoB.2.Hisvoicemademe_terrible.C.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.feltD.3.Myparentstoldme_peoplewhentheyareintrouble.E.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatC.dontlaughatD.notlaug
20、hatD.4.Itsbadmanners_rudetopeople.A.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeingB.5.Itsinteresting_ustotakepartinthegames.C.A.ofB.toC.forD.at2021/8/9 星期一306.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB
21、.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.going D.havinggone2021/8/9 星期一31二、动名词二、动名词l l充当成分充当成分:主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语2021/8/9 星期一321.动名词作主语动名词作
22、主语l lSeeingisbelieving.l lPlayingchessisfun.l lItsnousewaitinghere.2021/8/9 星期一332.动名词作表语动名词作表语 l lThenursesjobislookingafterthepatients.l lThenurseislookingafterthepatients.2021/8/9 星期一343.动名词作宾语动名词作宾语 l l下列动词后只能接动名词：下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,es
23、cape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。l lDoyoumindmyopeningthewindows?2021/8/9 星期一35l l下列动词短语接动名词：下列动词短语接动名词：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening
24、.2021/8/9 星期一364.动名词作定语动名词作定语 l l动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系没有逻辑上的主谓关系.l lreadingtextl lasleepingbagl lawalkingstickl lrunningwaterl ldevelopedcountry2021/8/9 星期一37l lIamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.l lSheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard.l lHisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.l
25、 lIcantreallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.5.动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态2021/8/9 星期一381.Themaninsisted_ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having高考点击高考点击2021/8/9 星期一
26、393.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatB.C.whytreatD.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingB.C.tobelostD.beinglost2021/8/9 星期一40三、分词三、分词l l现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词.l l充当成分充当成分:l l宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语表语,定语定语,状语状语.2021/8/9 星期一41（一
27、）现在分词（一）现在分词2021/8/9 星期一42V-ing形式作状语形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思所表达的意思.Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.Being ill,he didnt go to school.=As he was ill,he di
28、dnt go to school.Laughing and talking,they went into the classroom.（方式）（方式）2021/8/9 星期一431.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果件、结果等状语。等状语。2021/8/9 星期一44V-ing形式作状语形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思所表达的意思.Walking in the st
29、reet,I came across an old friend.=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.Being ill,he didnt go to school.=As he was ill,he didnt go to school.Laughing and talking,they went into the classroom.（方式）（方式）2021/8/9 星期一45If you use your head,you will find a way.Though weighing almost
30、one hundred jin,the box was lifted by him with one hand.We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened yesterday.(伴随）伴随）解析1.当当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用发生在谓语动作之前，需用havingdone2.v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语=Using your head,
31、you will find a way.=Though it weighes 2021/8/9 星期一46l l注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进主动进行，被动完成行，被动完成”。人称一致性人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。主语。202
32、1/8/9 星期一471._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.Notcompleting D.Nothavingcompleted2021/8/9 星期一482Themanager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.AwhohasmadeBhavingmadeCmadeDmaking3Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.AcausedBtohavecaused
33、CtocauseDhavingcaused2021/8/9 星期一494_fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.ABeingseparatedBHavingseparatedCHavingbeenseparatedDTobeseparated2021/8/9 星期一502.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语1.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangin
34、gC.hangsD.beinghung2021/8/9 星期一512ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed3.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt2021/8/9 星期一52（二）
35、过去分词（二）过去分词2021/8/9 星期一531.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语l l过去分去分词作状作状语，相当于一个状，相当于一个状语从从句，用来句，用来说明原因、明原因、时间、条件等。、条件等。2021/8/9 星期一54分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为主语，这种结构称为独立主格独立主格结构。如：结构。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.2021/8/9
36、 星期一55过去分词过去分词作状语作状语过去分词作状语，过去分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示或情景，表示时间时间、条件条件、原因原因、让步让步、伴随情况伴随情况等。等。一般说来，这一结构的一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语。a、表示表示时间时间Seen fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b、表示表示条件条件Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.I
37、ftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.2021/8/9 星期一56c、表示表示原因原因d、表示表示伴随情况伴随情况e e、表示、表示让步让步Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved,the children began to cry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowe
38、dbyherlittledaughter.Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.2021/8/9 星期一571_withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.ACompareBWhencomparingCComparingDWhencompared2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysave
39、dbythelocalpoliceA.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing2021/8/9 星期一582.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,_as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown2021/8/9 星期一593.分词作宾补分词作宾补l l1)跟分词作宾补的动词有：跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,noti
40、ce,observe,watch,set等等l l2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。2021/8/9 星期一60l lTherewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldntmakehimselfheard.l lWhenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman
41、.如如:2021/8/9 星期一611.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.A.worriedB.toworryB.C.worryingD.worry2021/8/9 星期一623.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.A.explainingB.t
42、oexplainC.explainD.explained2021/8/9 星期一63非谓语动词的其他考点非谓语动词的其他考点:2021/8/9 星期一641.主语一致主语一致1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_.A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists2021/8/9 星期一652Whilewatchingtelevision,_.AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbell
43、ringsCweheardthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings2021/8/9 星期一662.with的复合结构的复合结构with+名词名词+doingtododone2021/8/9 星期一671.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon2_andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctorshelptoendherlife.AHavi
44、nggivenuphopeofcureBWithnohopeforcureCTherebeinghopeforcureDInthehopeofcure2021/8/9 星期一68非谓语动词练习非谓语动词练习2021/8/9 星期一69Can you spare me some time?Im afraid not.I have lots of letters _.A.doing with B.to do for C.to deal D.to deal withI cant understand _ at that poor child.A.you to laugh B.you laughing
45、C.you laughD.why laugh2021/8/9 星期一70Dont use words,expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.02A.being knownB.having knownC.to be knownD.known_ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.02A.Exposed B.Having exposedC.Being exposedD.After being exposed2021/8/9 星期一71
46、The discovery of new evidence led to _.03A.the thief having caughtB.B.catch the thiefC.the thief being caughtD.the thief to be caughtGenerally speaking,when _ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.03A.takingB.takenC.to takeD.to be taken2021/8/9 星期一72_ more attention,the trees could
47、 have grown better.A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.GivingI would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone2021/8/9 星期一73There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _.03A
48、.that,to be improvedB.which,to be improvedC.where,improvingD.when,improving2021/8/9 星期一74The day we looked forward to _.A.come B.coming C.has come D.have comeThe disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party.04A.recorded B.recordingC.to be recordedD.having recorded2021/8/9 星期一75She s
49、et out soon after dark,home an hour later.Aarriving Bto arrive Chaving arrived Dand arrivedThe students expected there_ more reviewing classes before the find exam.Ais Bbeing Chave been Dto be2021/8/9 星期一76_ into use in April 2000,the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating suppl
50、y breakdowns.05A.Put B.PuttingC.Having put D.Being putHe is rather difficult to make friends with,butthefriendshipofhis,_,istruerthananyother.A.oncegainedB.whentogainC.aftergainedD.whilegaining2021/8/9 星期一77The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century