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1、东关实验中学外语组东关实验中学外语组语态：表示语态：表示主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间的关系。之间的关系。英语有英语有两种语态两种语态，即，即主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的执行主动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的者。被动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。承受者。如：如：Many students study English.(主动语态主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态被动语态)语态语态1）不知道动作的执行者是谁）不知道动作的执行者是谁My bike was stol
2、en yesterday.2）没有必要指出动作的执行者）没有必要指出动作的执行者More trees must be planted every year.3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者需要强调或突出动作的承受者Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.被动语态的结构被动语态的结构 助动词助动词be+过去分词过去分词 (be+done)一般现在时一般现在时：am/is/are+done 一般过去时一般过去时：was/were+done 一般将来时一般将来时:will be/be going to be+done 情态动词情态动
3、词：must/can/could/may+be+done现在进行时现在进行时:be(am/is/are)+being+done现在完成时现在完成时:have/has+been+done被动语态的构成被动语态的构成：be+done各种时态的被动语态各种时态的被动语态：1.We are glad that the Shenzhen Underground _ very soon.(2013深圳)A.will be completed B.will complete C.has completed D.has been completed2.The computer _ in Japan in 20
4、03 and I have had it for only one week.(2013中考)A.was made B.can be made C.is made D.made对被动语态句子时态的考核：1.由时间状语very soon 可以确定该句应该用一般将来时的被动语态。2.由时间状语in 2003(过去的时间)，可以确定该句应该用一般过去时的被动语态。3.He will go fishing if his work _.(2013河北)A.is done B.will be done C.has done D.have done4.Today,the forests have almos
5、t gone.People must _ down too many trees.(2013安徽)A.stop to cut B.stop from cutting C.be stopped to cut D.be stopped from cutting被动语态知识点的综合考核：7.在条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时从句要用现在时，同时该句又应该用被动语态。8.对句式”stop sb.from doing sth.”被动语态的考核”sb.be stopped from doing sth.”B选项如果去掉“from”，成为另一句式”stop doing sth.”，也是对的。Grade 3主
6、动语态如何变被动语态主动语态如何变被动语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变介宾主变介宾谓变谓变be done时不变（时不变（be体现时态，人体现时态，人称和数的变化）称和数的变化）主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often help him with homework.We make these machines in Beijing.F
7、ootball is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.He is often helped with homework by them.These machines are made in Beijing.1.They bought a computer last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.
8、Many trees were plantedA computerwas boughtThey built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used the rooms for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterd
9、ay.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.The rooms were used for resting by them.3.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：一般将来时的被动语态结构：be going to be/will be+过去分词过去分词1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The workwill be finished2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.The room is going to be clean
10、edby Tom tomorrow.We will hold a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster is going to give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be held by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk is going to be g
11、iven by the headmaster this afternoon.4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You m
12、ust turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.5.5.现在完成时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构have/has been 过去分词过去分词We have made a keyby us.A keyhas been made2.W
13、e have finished our compositions.Our compositions have been finished by us.被动语态的几种特殊类型被动语态的几种特殊类型1.1.带双宾语句子的被动语态带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）如：如：1.He gave me a book.give me a book间间直直=give a book to me直直间间I was given a book by him.A book was given to me by Tom.2.I bought
14、 him a book.He was bought a book by me.A book was bought for him by me.to:pass,give,show,bring，sell，send，tell，teach，return，lend for:make,buy,get，choose，cook They take good care of my child.I turned off the radio.2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态含有短语的主动语态变被动语态-My child is taken good care of.-The radio was turned off(
15、by me).动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成的动词短为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成的动词短语的语的介词介词和和副词副词。即即hear,watch,see,make,let,这些词在这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不加主动句中，其后的动词不加to，但变被动，但变被动句时必须加句时必须加to.1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.He was seento play basketball last Sunday.2.The boss makes him work for 10 hours.He is
16、madeto work for 10 hours.3.3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词和使役动词的被动语态Pay attention to this:1）像 happen,take place,不及物动词没有被动语态。不用被动语态的情况不用被动语态的情况A traffic accident _ (happen)just now.happened2）连系动词连系动词look,sound,taste,smell 等不用被动语态不用被动语态。Moon cakes taste delicious.The idea sounds great.1）当当表示主语质地表示主语质地,自身特征的动词自身特
17、征的动词open,lock,open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive drive 与副词与副词wellwell或或easilyeasily连用时，可用主动语连用时，可用主动语态表被动意义，用作不及物动词。态表被动意义，用作不及物动词。This kind of pen writes smoothly.This kind of shirt _well here.这种样式的衬衣在这儿很好卖。sells主动形式表被动意义n n2)在be worth doing be w
18、orth doing 中，doing doing 表被动意义。The book is worth reading.n n3)needneed doing doing=needneed to be doneto be done to be done 表不定式的被动结构。My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.Try this!1.Last year,Li Hua,a college student,_ to work for the 1.Last year,Li Hua,a college student,_ to work f
19、or the Olympic Games.(2008,Olympic Games.(2008,河北）河北）A is choosing B is C was choosing D was chosenA is choosing B is C was choosing D was chosen2.-Whos the little baby in the photo,Susan?2.-Whos the little baby in the photo,Susan?-Its me,this photo _ ten years ago.(2008,-Its me,this photo _ ten yea
20、rs ago.(2008,北京）北京）A takes B is taken C took D was takenA takes B is taken C took D was taken3.Its reported that the Underground Lines No.3 _ in our city 3.Its reported that the Underground Lines No.3 _ in our city in 2010.(2008,in 2010.(2008,南京）南京）A will build B has build C will be built D has been
21、 builtA will build B has build C will be built D has been built4.-Look at the sign on the right.4.-Look at the sign on the right.-Ok,parking _ here.(2008-Ok,parking _ here.(2008，河南），河南）A doesnt allow B isnt allowed A doesnt allow B isnt allowed C didnt allow D wasnt allowedC didnt allow D wasnt allo
22、wed5.-What should we do first if we want to develop our 5.-What should we do first if we want to develop our village?village?-A lot of new roads _,I think.(2008,-A lot of new roads _,I think.(2008,呼尔浩特）呼尔浩特）A must be built B have to build C must build D have builtA must be built B have to build C mu
23、st build D have built6.-Do you believe there are aliens?6.-Do you believe there are aliens?-Im afraid not.I dont think aliens _ in space.(2008,-Im afraid not.I dont think aliens _ in space.(2008,黄冈）黄冈）A can find B can be found A can find B can be found C can be founded D cant be foundC can be founde
24、d D cant be found7.-Alice,You _ on the phone.7.-Alice,You _ on the phone.-Im coming.Thanks.(2008,-Im coming.Thanks.(2008,辽宁）辽宁）A want B are wanted C are wanting D have wanted A want B are wanted C are wanting D have wanted 8.The thief _ by the policeman already.8.The thief _ by the policeman already
25、.（2008,2008,杭州）杭州）A is caught B caught C has caught D has been caughtA is caught B caught C has caught D has been caught9.Mary _ the song at a party.(2008,9.Mary _ the song at a party.(2008,广东）广东）A heard sing B was heard sung A heard sing B was heard sung C was heard to sing D was heard singC was he
26、ard to sing D was heard sing10.-What do you think of the football match yesterday?10.-What do you think of the football match yesterday?-Well,its surprising.The strongest team of our school_.-Well,its surprising.The strongest team of our school_.(2008,(2008,大连）大连）A was beaten B won C scored D was fa
27、iledA was beaten B won C scored D was failed11.-Did you have anyone _ the goldfish?11.-Did you have anyone _ the goldfish?-Yes,I had the goldfish _.(2007,-Yes,I had the goldfish _.(2007,烟台）烟台）A feed,feed B to feed,fed C feed,to be fed D feed,fedA feed,feed B to feed,fed C feed,to be fed D feed,fed12
28、.-Do you often see William _ on the playground?12.-Do you often see William _ on the playground?-No,he is often seen _ Chinese kungfu in the park.-No,he is often seen _ Chinese kungfu in the park.A run,play B run,to play A run,play B run,to play C running,play D running,to play.(2007,C running,play
29、D running,to play.(2007,潍坊）潍坊）13.-Will you come to join us this Sunday?13.-Will you come to join us this Sunday?-I wont come unless Bob _.(2007,-I wont come unless Bob _.(2007,烟台）烟台）A is invited B will be invited C can invited D invitesA is invited B will be invited C can invited D invites 14.Today,
30、the forests have almost gone.People must _ 14.Today,the forests have almost gone.People must _ down too many trees.(2006,down too many trees.(2006,重庆）重庆）A stop to cut B stop from cutting A stop to cut B stop from cutting C be kept cutting D be stopped from cutting C be kept cutting D be stopped from
31、 cutting 15.-Have all the students known that our class will visit the 15.-Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?factory this afternoon?-Yes,every student _ about it.(2007,-Yes,every student _ about it.(2007,宁波）宁波）A have told B have been told A have told B
32、have been told C has told D has been told C has told D has been told16.This kind of clothes _ well.And it _.(2007,16.This kind of clothes _ well.And it _.(2007,陕西）陕西）A sells,has been sold out B is sold,has been sold outA sells,has been sold out B is sold,has been sold out C was sold,sold out D sells
33、,sold out C was sold,sold out D sells,sold out 填空（完成被动语态填空）填空（完成被动语态填空）1.They often clean their classroom after school.（改为被动语态）（改为被动语态）Their classroom _ often _ by them after school.2.Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week.（同上）（同上）A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week.iscleanedwas given byPractice3.A lot of pe
34、ople in China can speak English now.（同上）（同上）English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now.4.I have learned English for about two years.（同上）（同上）English _ _ _ for about two years.5.They will read these story-books next month.（同上）（同上）These story-books _ _ _ next month.can be spokenhas been learnedwill
35、be read5.5.Do you like the skirt?Do you like the skirt?It _ soft.It _ soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt6.Are you still here?You were here an hour ago.6.Are you still here?You were here an hour ago.Who _ for?Who _ for?A.are you waiting B.did you wait A.a
36、re you waiting B.did you wait C.were you waiting D.do you wait C.were you waiting D.do you wait 7._ to know Professor Zhang.7._ to know Professor Zhang.A.He said B.I said A.He said B.I said C.He is said D.It says C.He is said D.It says 8.8.I want to sit at the table near the window.I want to sit at
37、the table near the window.Sorry,_ already.Sorry,_ already.A.it took B.it takes A.it took B.it takes C.it is taking D.it has been taken C.it is taking D.it has been taken9.The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday.9.The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday.A.had post,had arrived B.was posted
38、,arrivedA.had post,had arrived B.was posted,arrivedC.posted,arrived D.had been posted,was arrivedC.posted,arrived D.had been posted,was arrived10.He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday.A.is given B.will be given C.would have given D.would be given11.Water _ into ice.A.will changed B.m
39、ust be changed C.should change D.can be changed12.The birds _ fly away last Saturday.A.let to B.is let to C.was let D.were let to 13.A strange sound _ yesterday evening.13.A strange sound _ yesterday evening.A.was heard B.hears C.heard D.is heard A.was heard B.hears C.heard D.is heard 14.A beautiful
40、 bike _ him by his classmates.14.A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates.A.sent to B.will sent to A.sent to B.will sent to C.was sent to D.will be sent for C.was sent to D.will be sent for 15.Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the 15.Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting.meeting.A.has been asked B
41、.has been asked A.has been asked B.has been asked C.Have been asked D.have been asked C.Have been asked D.have been asked16.Meat _ out in this shop.We can _ now.16.Meat _ out in this shop.We can _ now.A.have been sold,get nothing A.have been sold,get nothing B.has been sold,get nothing B.has been so
42、ld,get nothing C.has been sold,get some C.has been sold,get some D.have been sold,get some D.have been sold,get some17.The new play _ in theatre now.Why dont you go in and see it?A.is being shown B.is showing C.is shown D.shows18.Can you tell _?A.when did it happen B.when was it happened C.when it happened D.when it was happened 19._ the job _ by Lucy or by John?A.Has finished B.Has being finished C.Is finish D.Has been finished