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1、Passive Voice被动语态被动语态英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态：主动主动语态和语态和被动被动语态。语态。1.1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,2 2.或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态被动语态结构：结构：主主+be+过去分词过去分词(PP)+(by)在改写中应注意：在改写中应注意：1.把把原原来的来的宾语宾语提到前面作被动语态的提到前面作被动语态的主语主语;2.把把动词动词变成变成“be+过去分词过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主动语态中的主语主语变为介词变为介词by的的宾语宾语。vSome pe
2、ople attacked the towers.S V O The towers were attacked by some people.S V v一 构成 主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。1.一般的一般的现在时被动语态：现在时被动语态：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，（及物动词的过去分词，（be是助是助动词）动词）e.g:English is spoken by many people.German isnt taught in our school.Is French studied in your school?2.过去时的被动语态：过去时的被
3、动语态：was/were+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词e.g:These new houses were built in 2000.My bike wasnt made in Shanghai.Was this kind of machine made in Shenzhen?注意：被动语态中注意：被动语态中be的形式是由主语决定的的形式是由主语决定的3.情态动词的被语态：情态动词的被语态：must/can/may/should+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 e.g:The car mustnt be stopped here.Can this chair be taken o
4、ut of the room?This job must be finished on time.表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will/be going to be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been donev二二 被
5、动语态的几种类型：被动语态的几种类型：1 主动句中有一个宾语的被动语态主动句中有一个宾语的被动语态 He saw her in the shop yesterday.She was seen in the shop yesterday.2 主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态 Jim gave me a book.I was given a book by Jim.A book was given to me by Jim.3 主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态 Mother told me not to be late.I was t
6、old not to be late by mother.I saw mother planting flowers in the garden.Mother was seen planting flowers in the garden.They made him work 12 hours a day.He was made to work 12 hours a day.4 短语动词的被动语态短语动词的被动语态 I can take good care of the baby.The baby can be taken good care of.三三 被动语态的注意事项被动语态的注意事项
7、1“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语”的句子没有被动语的句子没有被动语 态态 2 there be 句型没有被动语态句型没有被动语态 3 主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态 4 主动句的谓语动词是不及物动词的没有主动句的谓语动词是不及物动词的没有 被动语态，但与介词搭配后，则有被动语态，但与介词搭配后，则有:The nurse looked after him carefully.The baby was looked after by the nurse carefully.vPractice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_
8、it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the book?How long _ the book _ _?Mustbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisntbeenstoppinghasbeenkept5 If your homework _(do)well,you may go to play.6 Mr.Green was seen _(
9、grow)trees.7 The blackboard was _(look)carefully by the students.8 The ship model _ be _(make)in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmadeOral practice-主动句改被动句 Oral practice-1.Change each sentence into passive voice:1)A car knocked him down yesterday.2)Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical t
10、eam3)When I got there,they were cutting up a fallen treeHe was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by twoA fallen tree was being cut up,when I got there.4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school 6)They had completed the r
11、ailway by the end of last year The play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year 7)We should protect the earth8)You need to paint the wallThe earth should be protectedThe wall needs to be painted几种
12、特殊结构几种特殊结构1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday2.We often hear him play guitarI was given a gift on my birthdayA gift was given to me on my birthday.He is often heard to play guitar注意：注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make,listen to,look at等动词等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带但改成被动语态后必须
13、带to。vWe should take care of the old people.vThe old people should be taken care of.1。动词。动词(表示主语的属性特征表示主语的属性特征)+副词副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被用主动式表被动义。动义。read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,The books _ well A.were sold B.sell C.have sold D.are being soldThis kin
14、d of cloth _ easily A.has washed B.was washed C.washes D.is washedBC主动式表被动义主动式表被动义2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主且和句子的主语语(或宾语或宾语)构成动宾关系时构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,The fish is not fit _(eat)We find English is hard _(learn)The artic
15、le is difficult _(understand).to eatto learnto understand3.不定式作后置定语不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系宾关系,又和该句主语又和该句主语(或宾语或宾语)构成主谓关系时构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。I have a lot of homework _(do)Ill give him some books _(read)to doto read表示状态特征的表示状态特征的连系动词连系动词+adj./n.,用用主主动式表被动义动式表被动义。4表示状态特征的表示状态特征的连系动词连系动词
16、+adj./n.,用用主动式表主动式表被动义被动义。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,make,.)The steel feels cold5 表示表示“开始、结束、运动开始、结束、运动”的动词的动词用主动式表用主动式表被动义。被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run,.)The shop opens at 6 am.every day表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动用主动式表被动义义6.作
17、作“需要需要”讲的讲的want/need/require后后接接动名词作宾语时，用动名词作宾语时，用主动式主动式表被动义；表被动义；当然也可接当然也可接不定式的被动式不定式的被动式作宾语作宾语。Your jacket needs washing/to be washedQuiz 1 Quiz 11.The steel _ cold A.is felt B.was feeling C.feels D.is being felt2.His plan _ good A.has sounded B.is sounding C.is sounded D.soundsCDQuiz 2Quiz 2The s
18、hop _ at 6 am.every day A.opens B.opened C.is opened D.is openingWork _ at 7 pm.today A.ends B.ended C.was ended D.had endedABThe pen _ smoothly A.was wrote B.writes C.has writing D.is writtenThis coat _ easily A.has washed B.was washed C.washes D.is washedQuiz 3BCYour jacket needs _(wash)The house
19、requires _(repair)Quiz 4washingrepairingThe fish is not fit _(eat)We find English difficult _(learn)Quiz 5to eatto learnI have much homework _(do)Ill give the boy some books _(read)Quiz 6to doto readCorrecting mistake2.Correct the mistake(s)in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a bal
20、l2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?was sentwill lastwere hurt4)A fire was broken out last night5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before6)The large building that is now built will
21、be a hospitalhad been damagedis now being builtbroke out7)Class is begun at 7:30 every day8)His plan is sounded good9)Your coat needs being washedbeginssoundsto be washed/washing 1.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next weekAare to be held B.is to be heldC.are holdingDwill holdMultiple choi
22、ce B2.Im sorry,sirYour recorder isnt ready yetIt _ in the factoryA.is being repairedB.is repairedC.has been repairedD.hasnt been repairedA3Every possible means _,but none _ successfulA.has tried;has provedBtried;provesC.has been tried;provesD.is being tried;is provedC4The question he asked is hard _
23、 A.for answer B.to answer Cto be answered D.answeringB5In warm weather,fruit and meat _ longA.cannot be keptB.dont keepC.mustnt keepD.is not keptA6He received a telegram _:“Mother ill”Awritten B.reading C.said D.writing B7.-Did you hand him the letter yesterday?-No,I _ to himA.brought itB.took itC.had it sentD.carried it C8Alice had a dress _ last weekAmadeB.makeC.to be madeD.to makeA9The teacher couldnt make him _ attention to because the students were so noisy.A.payB.paidC.to payD.to be paidB10.-When will the lecture begin?-When the students _ Ahave sat Bsat down Cwill sit Dare seatedD