【小升初英语语法大全-小升初语法知识及练习】.pdf

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1、 专题一字母 概述 英语中有 26 个字母。其中有 5 个元音字母和剩余的 20 个辅音字母。Y y 为半元音字母,有时用作元音字母,有时用作辅音字母。小热身:1.按顺序默写出 26 个字母的大小写,并画出元音字母和半元音字母.2.根据你所掌握的字母知识,完成下列各题。(1)六个两笔完成的小写字母是 _,i,j,_,_,x (2)五个元音字母的大小写形式是 _,Ee,_,_,_(3)六个三笔完成的大写字母是 _,E,_,H,I,_ 字母及读音 字母大小写及读音 A a/ei/G g/d i:/M m/em/S s/es/Y y/wai/B b/bi:/H h/eit/N n/en/T t/ti

2、:/Z z/zed/C c/si:/I I/ai/O o/U u/ju:/D d/di:/J j/dei/P p/pi:/V v/vi:/E e/i:/K k/kei/Q q/kju:/W w/dblju:/F f/ef/L l/el/R r/:/X x/eks/字母的大写 英文句中首单词首字母要大写。例:How are you?人名中名和姓的首字母要大写。例:Jim Green ,Wang Yadan 国名、城市名的首字母要大写。例:China ,Zhengzhou 语言及民族首字母要大写。例:English ,Chinese 职务或称呼的首字母要大写。例:Dr Wang ,Miss Li

3、专用名词的首字母要大写。例:Class Two ,Grade Six 表示“我”的单词(主格),即“I”,无论在什么情况下都要大写。例:Lucy and I are friends 三常见缩略词 Mon星期一 Tue星期二 Wed星期三 Thur星期四 Fri星期五 Sat 星期六 Sun星期日 Jan 一月 Feb 二月 Mar 三月 Apr 四月 Jun 六月 Jul 七月 Aug 八月 Sept九月 Oct十月 Nov十一月 Dec十二月 A M(a m)上午 P M(p m)下午 WC 厕所 UN 联合国 TV电视 USA 美国 CCTV 中国中央电视台 OK 好,行 IT 信息技术

4、RMB 人民币 CD 光盘 VIP 重要人物 ID 身份证 WTO 世界贸易组织 ABC 基础知识 UFO 不明飞行物 强化练习 一.写出下列字母的左邻右舍。_d_;O_ _;_L_;_ _X;_ Hh_;_N_;V_ _;_Dd_;r _ _;Mm _ _;_Oo_;a _ _;_ Ff _;_ Xx _;Kk _ _;_ i_;q _ _;_ t_ ;_ Pp _;_ Rr _;二.写出下列字母的大写或小写形式。B_ d_ f_ G_ Q_;I_ Y_ n_ h_ L_ t_ K_ R_ O_ v_ J;a_ C_ m_ w_ Z_ 三选词填空。1_morning!(Good,good )

5、2Is _your ruler?(this,This)3Yes,_am(i,I)4I want to go to _(shanghai,Shanghai)5How old are you,_?(Kate,kate)6This is _(miss Wang,Miss Wang)7I am in _(class one,Class One)8_ do you do?(How,how)9I am _(Hu SuJie,Hu Sujie)10She comes from _(japan,Japan)11I can speak _(Chinese,chinese)12She is in _(Grade

6、four,Grade Four)13What is this in _?(English,english)14Jim,_is Lucy(This,this)四选择正确答案。()1下面哪个字母是元音字母?ABb BYy COo DHh()2Basketball 中共有_个辅音字母?A6 B7 C8 D9()3字母 g 占四线三格的_ A.第二格 B第一、二格 C第二、三格 D第一、二、三格()4eye 中共有_个元音字母?A1 B2 C3 D0 ()5字母 f 占四线三格的_ A第三格 B第一、二格 C第二、三格 D第一、二、三格()6字母 H 书写时由_笔完成?A1 B2 C3 D4()7下列

7、字母中上端顶第一线的字母是_ Ae Bg Cd Dm()8下列字母中书写时由两笔完成的是_ AJ BD CW DG ()9umbrella 中共有_个元音字母?A1 B2 C3 D4()10字母 q 在四线格里的位置与下列哪个字母相同?Ar Bd Cf Dp 五根据中文选择正确的词。1联合国()AUK BUN CUSA 2一月()AJan BJan CJane 3医生()Adoctor BDocter CDoctor 4星期日()ASaturday BSun CSat 5五年级()Agrade five BGrade five CGrade Five 63 班()Aclass three BC

8、lass Three CClass three 7法国()Afrench BFrench CFrance 8北京()ABeiJing BBeijing Cbeijing 9厕所()AWc Bwc CWC 10九月()Aseptember BSept.CSep 六判断正误,正确的写“T”,错误的写“F”,并加以改正。()1字母 a 由两笔写成。_ ()2student 里只有 u,e 两个元音字母。_()3mother 里只有 3 个辅音字母。_ ()4M 书写时由三笔完成。_ ()5字母 e 占四线三格的第二格。_ ()6Z 书写时由一笔完成。_ ()7G 书写时由两笔完成。_ ()8J 的书

9、写是由两笔完成的。_ ()9 young 里 有 1 个半元音字母,2 个元音字母,2 个辅音字母 _ ()10excellent 里有 3 个元音字母。_ 七请将一周七天的缩写词按周日到周六的顺序填写在表格里。A WEEK 以一般来说,凡是含有一个元音音素的声音片段构成一个音节。开音节:以元音结尾的音节。例:me /m i:/闭音节:以辅音结尾的音节。例:at/t/二.读音规则 五个元音字母在开音节和闭音节中的发音情况 开音节例词 闭音节例词 Aa /e/name,face,take /am,man,and,at Ee /i:/be,me,bee /e/pen,ten,let,tell Ii

10、 /ai/nice,like,life /i/his,it ,in Oo /home,cola /not,long,lot,stop Uu /ju:/use /sun,up,us,but 元音字母 a 的组合发音 ai 读作/e/例:train,again,pain air 读作/e/例:chair,air,hair al 读作/:/例:all,also,wall ay 读作/e/例:day,play 元音字母 o 的组合发音 oa 读作/例:coat,boat oo 读作/u:/例:food,room,school 在 k 之前或 t,d 之前读作/例:book,look,good,foot

11、 or 读作/:/例:report,short,sport 读作/:/(w 后)例:word,work,world ou 读作/例:sound,out,around 读作/u:/例:you,soup,group oi 和 oy 读作/i/例:boy,point ow 读作/a/例:how,now 读作/例:know,snow,show ore 读作/:/例:more,store our 读作/:/例:your,four 元音字母 e 的组合发音 ea 读作/i:/例:eat,please,cream ee 读作/i:/例:green,need,see er 读作/:/例:her,hers,gi

12、rl ear 读作/例:hear,ear,clear eer 读作/例:engineer 元音字母 i 的组合发音 ir 读作/:/例:birth,first igh 读作/ai/例:high,night ie 读作/ai/例:lie 半元音字母 y 的组合发音 ye 在词尾读作/ai/例:bye 元音字母 u 的组合发音 u 在 u 之前,在 b,p,f 之后读作/例:pull,full u 在 sh 之前,在 b,p,f 之后读作/例:push r,l,j 等加 u 的开音节读作/u:/例:ruler,true 辅音字母组合的发音 ch 读作 /t/例:much 读作/k/例:school

13、 ck 读作 /k/例:clock dr 读作/dr/例:draw ds 读作/dz/例:beds,cards gh 读作/f/例:laugh kn 读作/n/例:know ng 读作/例:English ph 读作/f/例:phone sh 读作/例:sheep,ship tr 读作/tr/例:try,trip ts 读作/ts/例:hats,bats wh 读作/h/例:who,whose 强化练习 一选出每组词中画线部分读音不同于其他选项的那一项。()1.Abag Bthank Cglass Dmap ()2.Agood Bfood Clook Dbook ()3.Alate Bat C

14、bat Dcat ()4.AEnglish Bthank Cthink Dnight ()5.Adesk Bpencil Ceat Dpen ()6.Acup Bmum Csummer Duse ()7.AI Blife Clive Dhi ()8.Ago Bold Cfrom Dno ()9.Ado Btwo Cwho Dclock ()10.Ahow Bknow Csnow Dshow 二根据画线部分的读音,选择正确的音标。()1.great A/e/B/e/C/i:/()2.good A/u:/B/ju:/C/()3.how A/a/B/C/e/()4.mum A/ju:/B/u:/C/

15、()5.clock A/B/C/u:/()6.run A/ju:/B/u:/C/()7.want A/e/B/e/C/()8.boat A/B/a/C/()4 Afarmer Bsister Cher()5 Agrade Blake Cladder()6 Athree Bsweater Cmeet()7 Ayear Bear Cthere()8 Ahow Bnow Cshow()9 Aart Bstar Cany()10Agood Blook Cwho 专题三 名词 概念:表示人或事物名称的词,叫做名词。名词的分类 名词分两大类:普通名词:是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如:

16、student学生 water 水 machine 机器 happiness 快乐 专有名词:是个人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称,开头字母要大写。如:Mike 迈克 China 中国 the Great Wall 长城 名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分,不可数名词一般不分单数和复数。如:可数名词:boy(单数)boys(复数)不可数名词:juice,rice,meat 注意:表示一个人或事物用单数,表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。名词复数的构成法 构成法 读音 例词 在词尾加s 1在清辅音后发s 2在浊辅音和元音后发z 1deskdeskss 2boyboysz 在词末

17、加es 1以“x,s,ch,sh”等结尾的名词后加es 2以 e 结尾,直接加s (e)s 读作iz 1glassglassesiz classclassesiz 2 orangeorangesiz horse horsesiz 如以 f,fe 结尾,则去 f,fe 加ves ves 读作vz knife knivesvz wife wivesvz 以辅音字母加 y 结尾,则去 y 加ies ies 读作iz baby babiesiz party partiesiz 以辅音字母加 o 结尾,则加es es 读作z potato potatoesz tomato tomatoesz 但 rad

18、io,photo,piano,则直接加s 不规则名词变化法则 man men;woman women;toothteeth;footfeet ;mousemice;sheep sheep;fish fish;child children ;Chinese Chinese ;名词的所有格 注意:表示几个人共同拥有的,只需要在最后一个名词后加 s。表示各自拥有时,需要在每个名词后都加 s。强化练习 七写出下列各单词的复数形式。1.glass _ 2.family _ 3.wolf _ 4.country_ 5.radio_ 6.photo _ 7.fox _ 8.fridge _9.bus_ 10

19、.box_ 11.watch_ 12.brush _ 13.policeman_14.farm_ 15.fish _ 16.sandwich_17.apple _ 18.foot _ 19.ruler _ 20.tooth _ 二画横线,选出下列正确的单词或词组。1Do you drink much(milk,milks)?情况 构成方法 读音 例词 单数名词 加s 清辅音后读 s 浊辅音和元音后读 z Mike ss Marysz 以 s 结尾的复数名词 加 读音不变 the teachers room 2I visited(Jim,Jims)house yesterday 3This is

20、(Tom and Marys,Toms and Marys)house 4He had two(cup,cups)of tea 5Those(books,book)are on the desk 6Look at this(boy,boys)7That(dogs,dog)is mine 8Would you like some(bananas,banana)?9The sperm whale has 50(tooth,teeth)10These(shoes,shoe )are very nice 三选择填空。()1This is _room AJack and Lucy BJack and L

21、ucys CJacks and Lucys DJacks and Lucy()2She is a good _ Astudent B students Cboy Dboys()3I want two _ A pencilbox B pencilboxes C pencilsbox D pencilsboxes()4How many _ do you have?A friend B friends C friendes D friends()5These _ are Judys A fish B fishes C fishs D fishs()6Look at those _ A child B

22、 childs C children D childrens()7He has two big _ Aeye Beyes Ceyees Deyes()8He is Jeffs _ A brothers B brother C brotheres D brothers()9 _is this pen?Its Wang Fangs A Whos B Whose C Where D Which()10_birthday is September 5th A.Her mother B.her mothers C.Her mothers D.Her mothers 四将下列表示单数的句子改成复数的句子。

23、1.This is a boy_ 2.Doyouhavea new rubber?_ 一There is one apple in my hand_ 二That is her watch_ 三She has a camera and umbrella_ 四There is a plane in the sky_ 五圈出句子中的错误并改正。1I dont like orange juices It is sour()2There is an old books in my bag ()3Bananas is my favorite fruit ()4They go to school on fe

24、et()5There are many photoes of my family()六连词成句。1.teacher is strong My and tall (.)_ 2.teacher This science is new our (.)_ 3.there bedrooms How are many (?)_ 4.lake The jumped the dog into (.)_ 5.is What your hobby (?)_ 9阅读理解。Tom is seven He goes to school every day The school is near his home,so h

25、e goes there on foot and comes back home on time(按时)But today he is late His mother asks him“Why are you late today?”“I am in the headmasters office(校长办公室)”“Why do you go to the headmasters office?”“Because my teacher asks us a question in the class Nobody(没人)can answer it,but I can”“It is good to a

26、nswer the teachers question”“But the question is who puts ink on my chair”根据短文内容,回答问题。五Is Toms home far from his school?_ 2.How does he go to school?_ 3.Does Tom often come back home late?_ 4.Only Tom can answer the question,cant he?_ 5.Is it good for Tom to do it?_ 专题四 形容词 一形容词的用法 形容词用来修饰名词,表示名词的属性

27、,一般放在它所修饰的名词前。例:a big garden ;an old picture 形容词也用来表示人或事物的性质、特征和状态。例:The ruler is long.The boy is tall.形容词的比较级和最高级(比较级用于两者间的比较,最高级用于三者及三者以上的比较)。例:He is taller than me.He is the tallest one in our class.二规则形容词比较级和最高级的构成 一般情况下在词尾加 er 或 est:taller,smallest 以 e 结尾的单词在词尾加 r 或 st:larger,nicest 末尾只有一个辅音字母的

28、重读闭音节词,双写末尾字母加 er 或 est:bigger,thinnest 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,要把 y 变为 i 后加 er 或 est:heavier,heaviest 双音节词和多音节词,在词前加 more 或 most:more interesting,most interesting 三常见不规则形容词的比较级和最高级 well/good better best ;much/many more most bad/badlyworse worst ;far farther farthest 强化练习 1找出各组单词中与其他三个不属于同一类的一项。()1.Abigger Byo

29、unger Clonger Ddriver()2.A weight B hair C foot D arm()3.A I B you C than D they()4.Along Btail Cbig Dheavy()5.Ameter Bwhale Cbird Dshark 2请写出下列单词的比较级和最高级形式。1.tall ()6.old ()2.short()7.young()3.big()8.good()4.small()9.thin()5.heavy()10.strong()3单项选择。()1Who is _than you?Aheavy Bheavyer Cheavier()2My

30、arms are longer than _ Ayou Byour Cyours ()3My little sister is four years _ than me Asmall Byoung Cyounger()4My fish is smaller than _ ATom BToms CToms()5Mike is 45kg He is _than John Athin Bthiner Cthinner()6Amy is taller _ Sue Athan Bthen Cthat()7I am bigger and _than you Astrong Bstronger Cstron

31、gger()8Your dog is smaller than _ Amine B my CI()9How big are your _?Afoot Bfeet Cfoots()10He is a good _ Aswim Bswimer Cswimmer 4下列各句中均有一处错误,请找出并改正在后面的横线上。()1I mtallerthan this giraffes!_ A B C D ()2Itstailislonger _ A B C D()3You retallerthanyou brother _ A B C D()4Whichmonkey does you like?_ A B

32、C D ()5Myarm are longer than yours _ A B C D()6I ambiger and taller than you _ A B C D()7A sperm whalehas 50 tooth _ A B C D()8My fish issmaller than Sarahs _ A B C D 五阅读对话,选择填空。Mary:Do you have a sister,Lucy?Lucy:Yes,I doHer name is Lily Mary:Is she taller than you?Lucy:Yes,she isShe is the tallest

33、 one in her class Mary:Is she heavier than you?Lucy:Yes,she is bigger and stronger than me Mary:Does she have longer hair than you?Lucy:No,her hair is a little shorter than mine.Mary:Does she like singing?Lucy:Yes,she doesHer voice is beautiful She is the best singer in her class ()1Lucy is_ than Li

34、ly Atall Btaller Cshort Dshorter()2Lily is the _one in her class Atallest Bheaviest Cshortest Dyoungest()3Lucys hair is a little longer than_ AMary BMarys CLily DLily s()4Lily_ singing Alike Blikes Cdont like Ddoesnt()5Lily is Lucys_ Afriend Bclassmate Csister Dbrother ()6Lucys sister is the best_ i

35、n her class Aswimmer Bsinger Cdancer Dplayer 六阅读理解。Dad:Which monkey do you like?Ben:I like the yellow one It is taller than the brown one Dad:Which monkey is stronger?Ben:The yellow monkey is taller The brown monkey is stronger Dad:I like the little monkey It is younger Its tail is 38cm long Ben:I t

36、hink the little monkey is only 40 cm tall Dad:I think the yellow monkey is 150cm tall Ben:It is shorter than me Dad:The monkey is shorter but you are funnier 根据对话内容,判断正(T)误(F)。()1The yellow monkey is taller and stronger than the brown monkey()2The little monkey is younger Its tail is 40cm long()3The

37、 yellow monkey is taller than Ben()4Ben is funnier than the monkey()5The little monkey is 150cm tall 专题五 动词 be 动词 1表示存在状态的为be 动词。在英语中有三种基本形式:am,is,are根据不同的主语要选用不同的 be 动词。如:I am ten years old Are you hungry?口诀:“我”用 am,“你”用 are,is 用于“他、她、它”,凡是复数要用 are。注意:如果句子主语是不可数名词,那么 be 动词要选用 is。如:The bread is for

38、you 2在 There be 句型中,be 动词的使用要和 There be 后的第一个单词相搭配。如:There is a pen,two rubbers and three ball pens in my pencil case There are two rubbers,a pen and three ball pens in my pencil case 助动词:(如:do,does,did)是动词的一类,表示可能,应该,必须,愿望等意思。通常用在动词或形容词前边。如:Does your mother work in the bank?实义动词:即行为动词,表示动作的动词。如:wor

39、k,go,hit 情态动词 表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能加动词原形构成谓语动词。小学阶段所学的情态动词有:can,may,must,should,need等。它们的否定式就是在其后面加 not。can not cant ;may not ;must not mustnt should not shouldnt ;need neednt 一can 的用法 表示能力 He can carry the heavy boxCan you swim?表示可能性 It can be very hot in summer in Nanjing 表示许可,常用来代替 may Y

40、ou can go home now(You may go home now)表示请求 Can you tell me the way to the park?二.may 的用法 表示允许或请求 May I come in?You may use my pen 表示可能性 He may be free today She may not come tomorrow.三.must 的用法 表示必须,必要 You must finish your homework before supper 表示语气肯定的猜测 He must be a doctor She must be our new tea

41、cher must not(mustnt)表示禁止,不允许 You mustnt talk in the library It is dangerous You mustnt touch it 四.should 的用法 表示义务、责任,相当于汉语的“应当”。You should keep quiet in the library 五.need 的用法 表示需要,用于否定句和疑问句。You neednt come here Need I show you how to draw a circle on the black board?强化练习 用适当的 be 动词填空。1.I _ a docto

42、r 2Mike _ ill today 3.These_ new books 4 Tom and I_ at school now 5.I _glad to see you 6_they your parents?7.Look at this dog It_ lovely8You and I _good friends 9.A:What_ this in English?B:It _an egg 10There _ a banana and two apples in the bag 11_there any water in the bottle?12Those girls _in the

43、same class 13There _two books and a pencil case in the bag 14A:What_ your name?B:My name _ Judy 15 _this your sister?16The bread _for you 17Jack,Tom and I _ playing the piano 18Lucy _ a beautiful girl 19There_ five apples on the table 20A:What_ those over there?B:They_ pears 21We_ going to Shanghai

44、tomorrow 22My father_ a farmer 23Smoking _harmful to the health 24These_ red rubbers 25 _ you good at singing?二用正确的情态动词填空。1_I sit here?2You _ walk like this 3We_ walk on the grass4_I dance with you?5She did not have breakfastShe_ be hungry now 6I think you_ be ten years old 7My brother_ run faster t

45、han you 8A:_ I use your car?B:No,you _ 9_you please go with me?10Parents _be strict with their children 11We_ listen to the teacher carefully in class 12Tom_ jump high 13I am very busy I_ go now 14It is dangerous You_ stay away from it 15A:_ I come here tomorrow?B:Yes,you _ 16You_ tell me about him

46、17 _ I open the box?18You_ talk to your father like this 19My parents _ come tomorrow 20It is half past twelve You _ have lunch now 三选择填空。()1There_ a desk and two tables in the room Aam Bis C are D has()2_ you help me?ACan BMay CMust DNeed()3_there any bread in the fridge?AIs BAre CAm DHas ()4_ I ha

47、ve some soft drink,please?ACan BMay CMust DNeed()5Why_ Ben late for school today?Aam Bis C are D has()6_ you sing an English song?ACan BMay CMust DNeed()7Perhaps there _ a new hospital Aam Bis C are D has()8Where _ my camera?Aam Bis C are D has()9You must _ this question A answer B answers C answere

48、d D answering()10You_ keep quiet in the library Acan Bmay Cshould Dneed 四用动词的正确形式填空。1.Today is your birthday.What _ you _(want)?2.She _(have)two cameras.3.Many of the students _(like)watching TV at the weekends.4.Can you _(sing)an English song?5.Tom and Mary _(be)good friends.6.He usually _(try)his

49、best in English.7.Shall we _(get)some flowers for our teacher.8.Ben _(want)to be a doctor.9.How _you _(spend)your weekend?10.I _(be)at home now.五翻译下列句子。1我可以和你谈一谈吗?_ 2我明天需要去你的办公室吗?_ 3张丽生病了,明天她也许不能来上学了。_ 4你妹妹去公园吗?_ 5我的叔叔在医院里工作。_ 专题六 副词 副词的分类 表示时间的副词:often,always,usually,early,now,yesterday,when 等。例:He

50、 often helps me with my English I go to school earlier than Tom 表示地点的副词:here,there,over,there 等。例:Come here,please They are playing baseball over there 表示方式的副词:hard,well,badly,fast,slow,quickly等。例:He studies very hard She does better in English than me 表示疑问的副词:how,when,where,why 等。例:How do you spell

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