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1、SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD虚拟语气虚拟语气非真实条件句三种基本形态错综复杂句倒装句含蓄虚拟句跳层虚拟句名词性从句宾语从句主语从句表语从句和同位语从句一、非真实条件虚拟句(一)if虚拟语气的三种形态：虚拟的时间if从句的谓语主句的谓语现在did(were)would/could/might/should do过去had donewould/could/might/should have done将来were to do/should dowould/could/might/should do定义：与客观事实相反或发生可能性极小的动作，表示说话者的一种主观愿望、假想和建议等。be to 将来
2、时 shall do（1）与现在事实相反If I had money,I would run a company of my own.If there were no subjunctive mood虚拟语气,English would be much easier to learn.（2）与过去事实相反If the flowers had been planted earlier,they would have been in bloom for the garden party last week.If the whole operation hadnt been planned befo
3、rehand,a great deal of time and money would have been lost.（3）与将来事实相反If I should win the lottery,I would buy a car.If he were to come here,how would you tell him about this?（二）错综复杂虚拟句当主从句动作发生的时间不一致时，主从部分的谓语动词形式要作相应调整。通常为：if 从句从句(表过去表过去)主句（表现在）主句（表现在）had donewould doIf I hadnt learned English,I would
4、 never be here to teach you grammar.If you had been careful,things would not be as they are.（三）倒装虚拟句当if 从句中含有助动词should,had,were时，可以省略if，将should,had,were提前至句首，构成倒装虚拟句。例1：_to the doctor right away,he might be alive today.A.If he went B.Had he goneC.Were he to goD.Should he go例2：_before we depart the d
5、ay after tomorrow,we should have a wonderful dinner party.A.Had they arrivedB.Were they arrivingC.Would they arriveD.Were they to arrive（四）含蓄虚拟句含蓄虚拟句：没有完整的条件从句，但在上下文中隐含了虚拟条件的意义。What would I have done without you?Anyone in his position would have done it like that.Before liberation,such floods would
6、have caused terrible disaster.But for their help,I wouldnt have finished the task.But that the doctor arrived on time that day,they would have been dead.But for+名词：对现在或将来的虚拟，相当于if it were not for 对过去的虚拟，相当于 if it had not been for例：_the sun,there could be no life on earth.A.Were it not forB.If it wer
7、e notC.Were it notD.But that（五）跳层虚拟句这类句子常分为两部分，由but,or,or else,otherwise连接，一部分虚拟，另一部分不虚拟，即陈述事实。（1）虚拟句）虚拟句+but+陈述句陈述句例1：I would have gone to visit him in the hospital,but I _fully occupied the whole of last week.A.wereB.had beenC.have been D.was例2：Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of stayin
8、g home,but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A.must makeB.should have madeC.would makeD.could have made（2）陈述句）陈述句+or(or else,otherwise)+虚拟句虚拟句I didnt know the extent of his difficulty,or else I would have promised to help him.I forget where I read the article,or I would show it to
9、you now.例1.He must have had an accident,or he_then.那时A.would be hereB.should be hereC.had to be here不得不做某事have/has done,had doneD.would have been here例2.We didnt know his telephone number,otherwise we_him.A.would have telephonedB.must have telephonedC.would telephoneD.had telephoned二、特殊名词性从句中的虚拟语气规律
10、：无论主句的谓语动词是什么形式，从句中谓语形式为（should）do（一）宾语从句中的虚拟语气在表示命令、要求、建议、坚持等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词为(should)do常见的动词有：order,require,request,demand,urge,decide,determine,advise,suggest,recommend,move,insist 等。The Chinese government has demanded that the US government shoulder all the responsibility of the incident,apologize
11、 to the Chinese side and take effective measures to prevent the recurrence of such incidents.（二）主语从句中的虚拟语气it is+adj./done/N.+that(should)do形容词：important,essential,imperative,necessary,urgent,advisable,proper,appropriate,vital,crucial等名词：advice,decision,desire,demand,suggestion,motion,resolution,wish
12、,proposal,recommendation,requirement,order等分词：decided,demanded,ordered,requested,recommended,suggested,required等注：it is high/about time that sb did sth 真的到了该做某事的时候了should do,should 不可省，若省了就使用过去时（三）表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气名 词：advice,decision,desire,demand,suggestion,motion,resolution,wish,proposal,recommenda
13、tion,requirement,order等move提议that在名词性从句中不做成分在定从中作主宾表The motion that the meeting be adjourned was adopted.The main requirement of an international language is that it be easily learned.三、其它结构中的虚拟语气（一）wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示说话者的难以实现的愿望，或者与事实相反的愿望。Wish虚拟语气的三种形态：虚拟的时间宾语从句的谓语现在Did/were过去had done;would/could ha
14、ve done将来Would/could doI wish I were a little younger.I wish I had not attended the party last night.I wish he could explain what he means.（二）if only 中的虚拟语气if only“要是就好了”，与wish宾从中的虚拟规则基本相同If only虚拟语气的三种形态：虚拟的时间If only 之后的谓语现在Did/were过去had done将来Would/could doIf only he had followed your advice.If on
15、ly I were taller.If only the rain would stop.（三）as if,as though 从句中的虚拟语气as if,as though 从句中虚拟语气的形态：虚拟的时间从句中的谓语现在Did、were过去had done将来Could/would doit seems as if it is going to rain.（没有虚拟）I really dont care for the way you are speaking to me.It seems as if you were my father.(对现在的虚拟)John behaved as if nothing had happened.(对过去的虚拟)even if/though即使；（四）would rather,would(just)as soon,would sooner,would prefer等从句中的虚拟语气“某人宁愿让另一个人做某事”虚拟语气的三种形态：虚拟的时间If only 之后的谓语现在Did/were过去had done将来Did/wereId just as soon you had not spoken rudely to her.Dont come tomorrow.Id rather you came next week.