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1、Unit FourOptimism and Positive ThinkingEnhance Your Language Awareness4.1 Words in Action4.2 Increasing Your Word Power 4.3 Grammar Review4.4 Cloze4.5 Translation4.6 Theme-Related WritingWords in Action Working with Words and Expressions1.Listed in the table below are some of the words that you need
2、 to be very familiar with.Fill in the blanks with words chosen from the table with the help of the clues.Change the form where necessary.Text Aaccomplish addressconverselycrisiscursehighlightincredibleissueperspective positiverareshapeText Bdisplaydisposedfocusignoreoutcomequitrejectreplacetensetran
3、sformExample:In the discussion they are asked to highlight the key points instead of going into the details.（1）Dont just make a negative complaint about our service;give us some _ advice.（2）Some areas of concern distract our attention away from the main problem on which we need to remain _.positive
4、focused（3）Viewed from an international _,it appears absolutely essential to emphasize the importance of potential customers needs in developing countries.（4）Relax yourself by taking a deep breath if you feel _ before speaking to a large group of people.（5）We can have many choices in life and the cho
5、ices that we make will _ our life.perspective tense shape（6）Efforts should be made to handle and _ the communication problem between teenagers and their parents.（7）That couple has endured so many emotional and financial _.It is amazing that their marriage has lasted for so many years.（8）Just before
6、the speech contest(演讲比赛),he fell ill and was not able to participate in it;he could only _ his luck.address crises curse（9）It is _ that her four-year-old boy can write some 600 Chinese characters （10）You can add the liquid to the powder,or _,the powder to the liquid.（11）The next big _ confronting th
7、e workers is the question of social security（12）Jack completely _ all these facts in his report as though they had never existed.incredible conversely issue ignored（13）The book was the _ of a large amount of research work done over three years.（14）There used to be various kinds of birds here,but now
8、 they are _due to lack of food resources.（15）It is not impossible to _ desert into good farms if we have a will of iron.outcome rare transform（16）Is it true that visualizing a task by positive thinking helps to _ the task better?（17）Following the doctors advice,the old man _ smoking overnight.（18）He
9、nry _ my offer of help,saying that he could work out the problem all by himself.accomplish quit rejected 2Listed in the table below are some of the expressions that you have learned in this unit.Do you understand their meanings?Do you know how to use them in the proper context?Now check for yourself
10、 by doing the blank-filling exercise.Be sure to change the form where necessary.Text Aconcerned withfeed on/uponin reverselive throughmake a differencepull overresult inslip overwhen all is said and doneText Badmit intogive it a try(in)one way or anotherto ones horrorExample:The traffic accident on
11、the new highway yesterday (has)resulted in three deaths.（1）Though I have been seriously hurt by her,I resolve to forgive her and will work out our relationship _.（2）As one of those who _ two world wars,Uncle Sam understands the value of life far better than his grandchildren.one way or another have
12、lived through（3）When you are learning driving a car,it _whether you have a good teacher or not.（4）Please dont lose courage and feel down._ and Im sure you will do better this time.（5）Be more _ your character than your reputation(名声),because your character is what you really are,while your reputation
13、 is just what others think you are.makes a difference Give it a/another try concerned with（6）To our surprise,Mr.Thompson _ an important point in his analysis the cause and effect of the problem.（7）The driver _ to the side of the road to see what was wrong with his truck.（8）I hit the tree behind me w
14、hen I put the car _ without looking back first.slipped over pulled over in reverse Increasing Your Word Power1.In each of the following sentences you are given two confusable words or expressions in brackets.Choose the appropriate one to fill in the blank.You may consult a dictionary if necessary.（1
15、）We will invite the parties _ (concerning,concerned)to participate in the discussion.（2）_ (Concerning,Concerned)your letter,I am pleased to inform you that you are to receive the order(定单)by the end of this week.concerned Concerning（3）Well have to _(reject,decline)these products,because they have so
16、me little cracks in them.（4）We sent him an invitation to the party,but he _(rejected,declined).（5）After she hit her head on the wall,she was _(subconscious,unconscious)for several minutes.reject declined unconscious（6）She had a _ (subconscious,unconscious)fear whenever she saw a snake.（7）Bill and Ja
17、ck are twins.The _ (preceding,former)is taller than the latter.（8)In the _(preceding,former)chapter we discussed the civil rights movement in the US in the 1960s.subconscious former preceding(9)Every morning we _(raise,rise)our national flag at the school gate.(10)The plane was then able to _ (raise
18、,rise)and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.raise rise 2.Decide whether do,make or take is needed to complete each of the following sentences.Change the verb form where necessary.(1)Criticizing peoples work often _ more harm than good.(2)If you are not happy with the situation you should _ a comp
19、laint to the manager.(3)I _ your point;we should consider the offer more seriously.does make take(4)Would you _ me a favour by turning off the radio?(5)You will _ a profit by selling the equipment now;if you wait,the price may fall.(6)_ your time,there is no rush.We still have an hour before the tra
20、in leaves.(7)Now,then,Mrs.Miller,how would you like your hair _ today?do make Take done(8)They had been in India for three weeks when he was suddenly _ ill.(9)Who is _ that noise there?I cannot hear the TV program.(10)He was in second place but on the last bend (弯道)he suddenly passed his rival(对手)an
21、d _ the lead.taken making took 3.Word Building Find in Column B the Chinese meaning that matches the noun in Column A.Column AColumn BNouns with the suffixism Chinese meaning1)socialisma.乐观，乐观主义2)optimismb.法西斯主义；极端的国家主义3)heroismc.行为主义；行为学派4)fascism d.社会主义5)behaviourism e.种族主义6)racism f.英雄品质；英雄主义 Ans
22、wers:(1)d (2)a(3)f (4)b (5)c (6)eNow add the suffix-ize or-ise to the nouns or adjectives in the tableto form verbs and give the Chinese meaning of each verb formed in this way.Noun/AdjectiveSuffixesVerbChinese Meaningvisual-ize/-isevisualize使形象化；使显现使形象化；使显现modernpopularindustrialapologyhumansystem
23、Answers:Noun/AdjectiveSuffixesVerbChinese Meaningvisual-ize/-isevisualize使形象化；使显使形象化；使显现现modernmodernize使现代化使现代化popularpopularize普及化；通俗化普及化；通俗化industrialindustrialize（使）工业化（使）工业化apologyapologize道歉道歉humanhumanize赋与人性；使人赋与人性；使人性化性化systemsystemize使系统化使系统化Grammar Review1.To express a future action or st
24、ate,we may use the following different verb forms:A.shall/will+infinitiveB.be going to+infinitiveC.the present progressive tenseD.the simple present E.be to+infinitive However,they do not have exactly the same meanings.Now complete the following sentences with the appropriate forms ofthe verbs given
25、 in brackets.You may use different forms of the verbs,ut try to understand the differences in meaning.（1）You say that production _(be)much lower this year.But if you _(go)into any factory in this region,you _(hear)quite a different story.（2）If you _(swim)this afternoon,you shouldnt eat too much now.
26、will be go will hear are to swim（3）I expect Fridays meeting _(be)a long one:we _ (discuss)next years plan.（4）The Prime Minister(总理，首相)_(be)the guest of honour at a dinner given by the Press Association(新闻协会).About a hundred guests _(be)present.（5）Listen to this.“The new bridge across the Pearl River
27、 _ (be opened)officially on June 20,but _ (not be)accessible (可使用的)to motorists until July 20.”That means we _(keep)off it for a month at least.will be shall discuss will be will be will be opened will not be are to keep 2.Fill in each of the following blanks with the proper form of the verb given i
28、n brackets.（1）Where (be)you,Ann?Hurry up.We (be)late.I (change)my clothes now.I (be)ready in a minute.（2）We will return the tools to him after we _ (use)them.（3）“Did you call Rose?”“Oh,no,not yet.I _(do)it right now.”are will be am changing will be have used will do（4）At 11 oclock tomorrow I _(have)
29、a meeting.So dont call me at that time.（5）Be careful.You _(break)that glass.（6）He told me not to worry.His friends there _ (take)good care of him.（7）By this time next year they _ (turn)all the land into rice fields.shall will would take will have turned（8）She hoped that we _(get)everything ready bef
30、ore she came back.（9）By the end of this month we _ (work)here for three years.（10）He never dreamed that he _(sit)in this hall discussing state affairs with important leaders.should shall have been working would sit Cloze Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A.The initial letter
31、 of each of the words to be filled in is given.Optimism and pessimism are powerful forces,and each of us must choose which we want,so as toshape our outlook and our expectations.From which 1)do we want to view life?Will we look up in hope or down in 2)?An optimistic attitude is not a luxury;its a 3)
32、.The way youlook at life will determine how you feel,4),and how well you will get along with others.perspective despair necessity perform 5),negative thoughts,attitudes,and Expectations feed on themselves;they become a self-fulfilling 6).Pessimism creates a sadand hopeless place 7)no one wants to li
33、ve.When the world is seen 8)a hopeful,positive place,people are more likely to 9).Optimismdoesnt need to be naive.You can be an optimist andstill 10)that problems exist and that someof them are not 11)easily.Conversely prophecy where as achieve recognize dealt with Yet optimism makes a difference in
34、 the 12)of the problem solver!Optimism draws our attentionaway from negativism and 13)it into positive,constructive thinking.When youre an optimist,youremore 14)with problem-solving than with useless fault-finding.To tackle a big problem,oneneeds both optimism and persistence.attitude channels conce
35、rned Translation Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in brackets.（1）只有那些有过类似经历的人，才能够完全理解这 一点。(live through)Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully appreciate this.（2）科学家们一直没弄明白这些粒子是怎么形成、又是如何相互作用的。(figure out)Scientists have been hard pressed
36、to figure out how these particles form and interact.(3)我要特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式做出 贡献了的人。(in one way or another)Id like to express my special thanks to everyone whohas contributed over the years in one way or another.(4)团队环境中员工个人的成功能带来公司的成功。(result in)The individual success of the employees in a team envi
37、ronment results in success for the company.(5)这场战争，虽说从军事角度而言是成功的，却令经 济几乎崩溃。(in terms)The war,although successful in military terms,left the economy almost in ruins.(6)他决定把自己的精力用到有益的事上，而不是整天 守在电视机前。(channel sth.into)He decided to channel his energies into somethinguseful,instead of being glued to the
38、 TV set all day long.(7)力量与勇气是有区别的。生存需要力量，生活需 要勇气。(it takes sth.to do sth.)Theres a difference between strength and courage.It takes strength to survive.It takes courage to live.(8)她天生就是个非常温柔亲切的人，总是乐于向别 人伸出援手。(by nature)She was by nature a very affectionate person,alwaysready to give a helping hand
39、to others.Theme-Related Writing Do either of the following two writing tasks.You may draw on some useful ideas and expressions from a variety of sources,such as the two texts in this unit or the Internet.(1)Having read the two passages in this unit,you may have come to a better understanding of life
40、 and the times when pessimistic and optimistic thoughts take turns to affect your behaviour.Write a letter of encouragement(of about 150 words)to one of your high school friends who failed in the college entrance examination.Tell him or her about your new understanding of the need to remain optimist
41、ic.Sample Letter:Dear Weihua,I know you are still feeling upset about your results in the college entrance examination.Ive just read an article about how pessimistic and optimistic thoughts can affect our behaviour and Im now sending you a copy,hoping that it will help you step out of the shadows.Na
42、turally,failing the college entrance examination can be very depressing,yet if you continue to dwell on the past,you will never be able to pick yourself up and focus on what is more important for now and the future.Life is full of trials and anyone may suffer setbacks.We must take an optimistic atti
43、tude towards the things we have to deal with.Optimism and positive thinking are powerful forces.Good things do come true if wepicture them often.Please do have confidence in your potential.Just workhard and prepare for another chance.You will make it.Yours,Janet(2)The writers of the two texts in thi
44、s unit convey to us the message that we need to look at the positive side of anything that comes to us and that we need to take an optimistic and positive attitude toward life.Write an essay to share your ideas with your classmates.The following hints may be of some help:a.What is meant by“thinking
45、positively”?b.What is the connection between success and optimism?c.How can we keep an optimistic and positive attitude?Sample Essay:Thinking positively means allowing your mind to be filled with optimistic feelings,and always hoping for the best though still aware of the difficulties that might be
46、involved.The human mind is powerful;thoughts of optimism and pessimism can be a self-fulfilling prophecy.Though it might seem impossible to some,positive thinking and success actually have a cause-and-result relationship.The reason is that a person with positive thinking will always broadcast goodwi
47、ll and confidence and that kind of radiating attitude will take a hold on everybody.Gradually,peoples attitude will shift towards more trust andrespect.This not only opens up more opportunities for the individual,but it also feeds back emotionally,and the cycle continues.Though the shaping of a posi
48、tive or negative personality often happens subconsciously,it is possible to control such processes consciously.A person can try visualizing favourable situations,whether it is rememberinga contest won as a child or imagining getting that job offer so long sought after.Over time circumstances will change accordingly.