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1、Definition（定义）A summary is a short account(解释)giving the main points of something longer or detailed.第1页/共32页3 Styles of PassagesStyles（体裁）（体裁）Functions（功能）（功能）Narration(记叙文记叙文)describe a person or an event,with afterthoughts（加上去的（加上去的看法）看法）Argumentation(议论文议论文)show the writers point of viewExpositi
2、on(说明文说明文)introduce something,eg.a phenomenon第2页/共32页Task 1:How to find the key sentences or key words?体裁体裁关键句关键句记叙文记叙文议论文议论文说明文说明文抓住抓住who,what happened,及及the writers purpose通常抓住首段和尾段通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句抓住首段或各段首句第3页/共32页The Steps of Writing a Summary(1)定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；(2)定人
3、称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；(3)定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。第4页/共32页提供一篇300字以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连续性；（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况-即用自己的语言表达，不能照着文章原句照抄。）2016年温州高一期末概括部分评分细则年温州高一期末概括部分评分细则第5页/共32页(1)Use words of similar meanings同义替换法I didnt catch any fish o
4、wing to the fact that I was not patient.I didnt catch any fish_ I was not patient.because第6页/共32页(2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正话反说法You will fail.You will _.not succeed第7页/共32页(3)Change the part of speech词性转换法Patience is very important.Patience is _.of great importance第8页/共32页(4)Ch
5、ange the structure of a sentence句式变化法语态变换：Parents should give children more praise.Children should_more praise.be given第9页/共32页简单句变复合句：Children should be encouraged more.This will help them learn faster.Children should be encouraged more,_ will help them learn faster.Children are given more praise.T
6、hey will achieve more success.When _,children will achieve more success.whichgiven more praise第10页/共32页(5)Use the shortest possible transitions连词衔接法 注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but,and,so,while,however,then,thus,yet,for,therefore,including,instead of 等。We should encourage children.We should not scold them.We shou
7、ld encourage children_ scolding them.instead of第11页/共32页想办法为作文加分1.多多使用各种连词，使文章更为连贯。顺接/递进：Firstly/secondly/thirdly,besides,inaddition,whatsmore,whatsworse,whatsmoreimportant,moreover,also,finally,lastbutnotleast,.转折：but,however,nevertheless(然而),yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,while原
8、因：because,becauseof,since,as,for,nowthat,thanksto,dueto结果：so,therefore,asaresult,sothat,then,sothat,suchthat总结：tosumup,toconclude,inconclusion,insummary,finally,inaword,ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking,2.多使用高级词汇，句式和短语进行变换，不要重复使用一个句式和短语。同时要注意避免常见错误：不要为了减少句数而不断使用逗号，一定要通过从句，连词，非谓语等
9、来减少句数。如：Itwasraininghard,theycouldnotworkinthefields.改为：Itwasraininghard,sotheycouldnotworkinthefields.第12页/共32页(6)Change the order of the words.词序改变法The secret of success was patience._ was _.Patiencethe secret of success第13页/共32页(7)Omit the details细节省略法Dont always scold and give lots of praise ins
10、tead.Dont scold and give praise instead.第14页/共32页(8)Make use of the meaning of a sentence句意理解法Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular._More and more people prefer Internet shopping.第15页/共32页Some Summary Models for You(1)Narration Summary Models (记叙文概要模板)(2)Argumentation Summary Mod
11、els (议论文概要模板)(3)Exposition Summary Models (说明文概要模板)第16页/共32页(1)记叙文概要模板点明写作目的类：The writer tells us（主题）by showing us an example of,who/which（故事情节）.作者经历类：In the passage,the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth,which他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth.第17页/共32页(2)
12、议论文概要模板The article gives the view that should/shouldnt（主题）.（补充论据）.The passage highlights(强调)the importance of sth.The author argues that第18页/共32页(3)说明文概要模板现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon-（主题),which.（补充解释）.利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B.Awhile B T
13、he passage discusses the impact(影响)of sth.On the positive side,but it may also.研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露)that The purpose of the report is to show that第19页/共32页关键词、句(1)the writer,an old man,fishing,experience,teach sb.a lesson,(2)The secret of success was patience._had_with _who _.The writer a fish
14、ing experiencean old man taught him a lesson词序变化法词序变化法Patience was the secret of success.(2)(1)连词成句连词成句第20页/共32页The writer had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him a lesson.Patience was the secret of success.句式变化法句式变化法The writer had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him
15、a lesson thatpatience was the secret of success.The writer tells us（主题）（主题）by showing us an example of,who/which（故事（故事情节）情节）.第21页/共32页Passage 2:关键句(1)Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead.细节省略法细节省略法Dont scold and give praise instead.词序变化法、连词衔接法词序变化法、连词衔接法Give praise instead of scolding.词
16、性变换法词性变换法Praise children instead of scolding them.第22页/共32页(2)If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of failure,they will learn faster and achieve success at last.Encourage your children and they will make more progress and succeed.句意理解法句意理解法同义替换法同义替换法词性转换法词性转换法细节省略法细节省略法第23页/共32页(1)Praise
17、 children instead of scolding them.(2)Encourage your children and they will make more progress and succeed.The article gives the view thatwhen educating children,parents shouldpraise and encourage them instead of scolding,which will help children to make progress and succeed.注意第24页/共32页注意事项：“五定三忌”定体
18、裁；定主题；定时态；定人称；定技巧 忌照抄原文；忌私加观点；忌不符字数。第25页/共32页概要写作练习之学以致用1,Then,youcanthinkofawaytomakebothsideshappy.Herearesometips1)Maketimetotalk.Youcouldtalkaboutyourschoollifeandyourplansforthefuture.2).Keepadiary.Itcanhelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings.3).Showyourparentsyouaregrowingup.Washyour
19、ownclothesandhelparoundthehouse.Summary:_2.Sometimes,kidsdontthinktheirparentsarefairtothem.Whenyouwanttodressinamodernway,yourmumdoesntlikeyoutowearamini-skirt.Whenyouaremakingphonecallstofriends,theyaskwhetheryourespeakingtoaboyoragirl.Summary:_第26页/共32页概要写作练习之学以致用3.KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly,
20、“Youusetoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul.Itsnotatallgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned,“Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidnthavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawfullikeeatingwoodorsandjustimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit!”Summary:_4.ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek,andsometextbooks
21、.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.Summary:_第27页/共32页概要写作练习之学以致用5.ItmusthavebeenabouttwointhemorningwhenIreturnedhome.Itriedtowakeupmywifebyringingthedoorbell,butshewasfastasleep,soIgotaladderfromtheshedinthegarden,putitagainstthewall,andbeganclimbingtowardsthebedroomwindow.Iwasalmos
22、ttherewhenasarcasticvoicebelowsaid,“Idontthinkthewindowsneedcleaningatthistimeofthenight.”IlookeddownandnearlyfellofftheladderwhenIsawapoliceman.IimmediatelyregrettedansweringinthewayIdid,butIsaid,“Ienjoycleaningwindowsatnight.”“SodoI,”answeredthepolicemaninthesametone.“Excusemyinterruptingyou.Ihate
23、tointerruptamanwhenhesbusyworking,butwouldyoumindcomingwithmetothestation?”“Well,Idprefertostayhere,”Isaid.“Yousee,Iveforgottenmykey.”“Yourwhat?”hecalled.“Mykey,”Ishouted.Fortunately,theshoutingwokeupmywifewhoopenedthewindowjustasthepolicemanhadstartedtoclimbtowardsmeSummary:Onarrivinghome_inthemorn
24、ing,thewriterfailedtowakeup_byringingthedoorbell.Hetriedto_,butwasfoundby_.Soonhisshoutingwokehiswife.第28页/共32页概要写作练习之学以致用6.Advertisingcanbeaservicetocustomers.Thisistruewhenadvertisementsgivereliableinformationaboutthegoodsadvertised.Suchinformationisneededifthecustomeristomakeasensiblechoicewhenhe
25、buyssomething.Itisusefulinthatitletshimknowofthekindsofgoodsintheshops.Printedadvertisementsdothisjobbest.Customerscancollectthemandcomparethem.Theycanbetakenalongtotheshopsandtheirstatementscanbecheckedagainstandactualgoodsintheshops.Someadvertisementsarenotveryusefultothecustomers.Insteadofhelping
26、thecustomertosatisfyhisrealneeds,theysetouttomakehimwantthings.Theysetouttomakeusbelievethatwhattheyadvertisewillmakeuscleverer,prettier,morehandsome,ifonlyweuseit.ThevoiceonTVsays,“GetawaypeopleuseXYZpetrol.”Thescreenshowsapictureofpetrolpumpforafastexpensivecarownedbyaboywithaprettygirlfriend.They
27、driveofftothewonderfulcountryoralovelybeach.Somepeoplemayfeelthatclever,successfulpeopleuseXYZpetrol.Somemightchoosethatpetroleverytimetheyfilluptheircars.Summary:第29页/共32页概要写作练习之学以致用7.Studentsshouldthinknowaboutwhatextracurricular(课外的)activitiestheydliketoparticipatein.Participatinginextracurricula
28、ractivitiesmayhelpyoudeepenyourphysical,creative,social,political,andcareerinterestsbybringingyouintocommunicationwithotherlike-mindedpeopleyoudidntpreviouslyknow.Youcanjoingroupsasawaytogetsupportfromotherstudents.Acluborgroupcanalsobeagreatwaytomeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou.Lotsofyouthprogramsb
29、ringpeopletogetherwiththosewhoaredifferentasawaytobreakdownthebarriersbetweenpeople.Participatinginextracurricularactivitieshelpsyouinotherways,too.Itlooksgoodoncollegeandjobapplicationsandshowsadmissionsofficersandemployersyourewell-roundedandresponsible.Specificactivitieshelpwithspecificgoals.Them
30、ostbasicreasonforjoiningacluborteamisthatitgivesyousomethingbettertodothanstaringatthewall,wanderingthehall,orsleepingallafternoon.Peoplewhoareparticipatingarelesslikelytopickupbadhabits,likesmokingordrinking.Summary:第30页/共32页概要写作练习之学以致用答案练习篇-学以致用。1.Skill1:OmitthedetailsTherearesometipsforchildrento
31、followsothattheycangetonwellwiththeirparents.2.Skill2:Omittheexamples.Itisquitenaturalthatwechildrenlookatthesameproblemdifferentlyfromourparents.3.Skill4:Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech.KatesuggestedthatPaulshouldeatlesssalt.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.4.S
32、kill3:Usegeneral(概括性)wordsinsteadofspecific(具体的)words.Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazinestoreadduringthevacation.5.Summary:Onarrivinghomeatabouttwointhemorning,thewriterfailedtowakeuphiswifebythedoorbell.Hetriedtoclimbtowardsthebedroomwindow,butwasfoundbyapoliceman.Soonhisshoutingwokehiswife.(40wo
33、rds)6.Skill:段意合并法(topicsentencesorkeywords，ifnotopicsentences)Summary:Advertisingcanbeusefulwhenitprovidescustomerswithreliableinformation，whilesomeadvertisementsarenotthecaseastheyareproducedonlytopersuadecustomerstobuywhattheydontneed.(31words)7.主题概括法(适合于议论文)Summary:Theauthor(Thepassage)discussedthebenefitofextracurricularactivitiesincludingbeingawaytoimprovestudentshealth,widentheirsocialcircleandintroducethemtonewideasandpeople.(30words)第31页/共32页谢谢您的观看！第32页/共32页