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1、Abstract vs.ConcreteConnotationsTranslation TechniquesPracticeFeaturesPart 3Part 3An excessive reliance on the noun at the expense of the verb will,in the end,detach the mind of the writer from the realities of here and now,from when and how and in what mood the thing was done,and insensibly induce
2、a habit of abstraction,generalization and vagueness.In Chinese,if there is no exact word for an abstraction,a concrete word or phrase that comes nearest to the idea is used.ConnotationsA-CA-CFeFeTTTTPrPrNominalization Major Feature of English as an Abstract Language抽象名词涵义概括，指称笼统，覆盖面广，抽象名词涵义概括，指称笼统，覆
3、盖面广，往往有一种往往有一种“虚虚”、“泛泛”、“暗暗”、“曲曲”、“隐隐”的魅力，因而便于用来表达的魅力，因而便于用来表达复杂的思想和微妙的情绪。复杂的思想和微妙的情绪。Features of Chinese as a Concrete Language动词动词范畴词范畴词具体性描述具体性描述形象性描述形象性描述A-CA-CCoCoTTTTPrPrE-C Translation Techniques扩展名词化结构扩展名词化结构增添范畴词增添范畴词具体性描述具体性描述形象性描述形象性描述C-E Translation Techniques动词动词名词化结构名词化结构省略范畴词省略范畴词简化具体
4、性描述简化具体性描述CoCoFeFe简化形象性描述简化形象性描述A-CA-CPrPrTo help myself live without fault,I made a list of what I considered the 13 virtues.These virtues are:1)Temperance,2)Self-control,3)Silence,4)Order,5)Firmness,6)Savings,7)Industry,8)Honesty,9)Justice,10)Cleanliness,11)Calmness,12)Morality,13)Humbleness.扩展名词化
5、结构扩展名词化结构TTTT A-CA-CBoth we and the Chinese approached that first opening toward each other with caution,uncertainty,even trepidation.增添范畴词增添范畴词TTTT A-CA-CShe replaced the receiver and sat there,her mind in a turmoil.She was not sure when it could have happened,or what her feelings were.She could no
6、t think straight.具体性描述具体性描述TTTT A-CA-CMany men have recognized the similarity of plants to the behavior of animals,and have dreamed wistfully,but forlornly,upon some method or source of rejuvenation such as Ponce de Leon sought in the Fountain of Youth several centuries ago.形象性描述形象性描述TTTT A-CA-C对我们大
7、学感兴趣的学生会接到我们的电话，对我们大学感兴趣的学生会接到我们的电话，我们会邀请他们来参观校园。我们会邀请他们来参观校园。动词动词名词化结构名词化结构理想大学的主要目的就是帮助学生发现自己理想大学的主要目的就是帮助学生发现自己的个性，并根据自己的个性来寻找职业。的个性，并根据自己的个性来寻找职业。TTTT A-CA-C见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。省略范畴词省略范畴词那时他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定的那时他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定的局面。局面。TTTT A-CA-C准备了这个药箱，有个头疼脑热的就不用准备了这个药箱，有个头疼脑热的就不用找大夫了
8、。找大夫了。简化具体性描述简化具体性描述星星在清澈的晴空中闪烁。星星在清澈的晴空中闪烁。TTTT A-CA-C他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。简化形象性描述简化形象性描述允跪而言曰：允跪而言曰：“百姓有倒悬之危，百姓有倒悬之危，君臣有危卵之急，非汝不能救也。君臣有危卵之急，非汝不能救也。”TTTT A-CA-C1 A delay in the delivery of the textbooks will disturb our teaching plan.2 The recruitment of Chinese laborers was not universa
9、lly accepted in racially conscious 19th century America and some white workers were unsettled by their appearance in large members.PracticeFeFeTTTTA-CA-C3 The board of regents recently adopted a document that divides academic dishonesty into four categories:“cheating”,“fabrication”,“facilitating aca
10、demic dishonesty”,and“plagiarism”,with specific definitions for each.4 While taking online courses,students dont have to worry about travel and they dont have to worry about accommodation.FeFeTTTTA-CA-C5 She wondered whether her outspokenness might be a liability to Franklin.6 He allowed the father
11、to be overruled by the judge,and declared his own son guilty.A-CA-CFeFeTTTT7 The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest men of the past centuries.8 She would have blushed had she been told as much in plain,set terms,and next,she might have grown indignant and asserted that
12、her sole interest lay in the man she loved and her desire for him to make the best of himself.A-CA-CFeFeTTTT9教师借助只读光盘、互联网及电视会议教师借助只读光盘、互联网及电视会议等计算机技术，可以及时有效地对学生进等计算机技术，可以及时有效地对学生进行跟踪指导。行跟踪指导。10激光可以应用于许多科学领域，又适激光可以应用于许多科学领域，又适合于各种实际用途，因此成了近年来轰动合于各种实际用途，因此成了近年来轰动一时的科学成就之一。一时的科学成就之一。FeFeTTTTA-CA-C11即使在
13、哈佛大学这样声名显赫的高等即使在哈佛大学这样声名显赫的高等学府里，排斥知识的现象也很普遍：许多学府里，排斥知识的现象也很普遍：许多学生甚至羞于向他们的朋友承认他们学习学生甚至羞于向他们的朋友承认他们学习了多少东西。了多少东西。12汽车尾气污染的问题已引起政府和民汽车尾气污染的问题已引起政府和民众的高度重视，一系列治理措施正在有效众的高度重视，一系列治理措施正在有效地展开。地展开。FeFeTTTTA-CA-C例例13水，乃私家园林的标志性元素，必不水，乃私家园林的标志性元素，必不可缺。无水，则园中一草一石，一花一木可缺。无水，则园中一草一石，一花一木皆了无生趣。皆了无生趣。例例14这简直是人间天堂，有吃不完的大米这简直是人间天堂，有吃不完的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，用不完的金银白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，用不完的金银财宝。财宝。FeFeTTTTA-CA-C例例15唉，那是客臣的井蛙之见，所谓唉，那是客臣的井蛙之见，所谓“情人眼里出西施情人眼里出西施”啦。啦。例例16他这一阵心头如同十五个吊桶打水，他这一阵心头如同十五个吊桶打水，七上八下，老是宁静不下来。七上八下，老是宁静不下来。FeFeTTTTA-CA-C