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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设,该语法该语法主要用于主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句,也可用于也可用于主语从主语从句、句、表语从句、宾语从句表语从句、宾语从句等。等。通常有三种情况：通常有三种情况：与与过去过去事实相反。事实相反。与与现在现在事实相反。事实相反。与与将来将来事实可能相反。事实可能相反。第1页/共41页条件从句条件从句条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与过去相反与过去相反IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+had+过去过去分词分词should/would/could/might+have+
2、过去分过去分词词例：例：IfIhadcomeheryesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.IfIhadcomeheryesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.如果我昨天来，就会看见他了。如果我昨天来，就会看见他了。Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughttheIfyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.train.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。与过去相反与过去相反第2页/共41页IftheyIftheyhadstudiedhardhads
3、tudiedhard,they,theycouldhavedonecouldhavedoneititeasilythatday.easilythatday.1.1.如果他们以前努力学习的话，那天干的就会容易些。如果他们以前努力学习的话，那天干的就会容易些。2.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。IfheIfhehadnottakenhadnottakenmyadvice,hemyadvice,hewouldnthavewouldnthavedonedoneitmuchbetterlikethis.itmuchbetterlikethis.第3页/
4、共41页If I _time last night,I _ to see the film with you.had hadwould have gone第4页/共41页If he more carefully,he the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 第5页/共41页IfIhowtoswim,I trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been 第6页/共41页Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,the mall would not b
5、e on fire now.第7页/共41页例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.NOTESNOTES:第8页/共41页条件从句条件从句条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与与现在现在相反相反IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+动词过去动词过去式式should/would/could/might+动词原形动词原形例：例：IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.IfIwereateacher,Iwoul
6、dbestrictwithmystudents.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.hadHIVhadHIVwouldfeelwouldfeelwerewerewouldbewouldbe与与现在现在相反相反第9页/共41页What What wouldwould you do if you do if you you wonwon the lottery?the lottery?If I If I wonwon the lottery,the lottery,I
7、 I wouldwould第10页/共41页If I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car.第11页/共41页IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.第12页/共41页If I had a lot of money now,I would travel around the world.第13页/共41页If it were fine now,I would go shopping.第14页/共41页If I _a teacher,I.were第15页/共41页条件从句条件从句条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主
8、语的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与与将来将来相反相反IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+动词过去式动词过去式IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+should+动词原形动词原形IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+wereto+动词原形动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形动词原形1.Iftheteacher1.Iftheteacheraskedaskedmetosolvetheproblemnextmetosolvetheproblemnexttime,Itime,Icouldtrycouldtrymybest.mybest.2.Ifhe
9、2.Ifheshouldfailshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,heintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtrywouldtryagainagain.3.Ifwe3.Ifweweretopanicweretopanic,we,wewouldnotbewouldnotbeabletohelp.abletohelp.与与将来将来相反相反第16页/共41页如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。If you ,everything all right.If you ,everything all right.If you ,everything al
10、l right.succeededwould beshould succeedwere to succeedwould be第17页/共41页Ifhegotupearly,he would be on time第18页/共41页wishwishIn Subjunctive mood虚拟语气的特殊用法：1第19页/共41页I wish I I wish I werewere as tall as you.as tall as you.第20页/共41页I wish I I wish I werewere a bird.a bird.第21页/共41页I wish every day were m
11、y birthday.第22页/共41页I wish/wished I hadnteaten so much watermelon.第23页/共41页I wish it I wish it wouldwould rain tomorrow.rain tomorrow.第24页/共41页wishwish+did(与事实相反的情况,)+haddone(与过去事实相反)+would/could/might+do(将来不大可能实现的愿望将来不大可能实现的愿望)第25页/共41页另外另外DemandSuggestOrderProposeRequestCommandInsistetc+(should)do
12、表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等第26页/共41页2asif/asthoughasif/asthoughdid与现在事实相反的haddone与过去事实相反或想象的事物第27页/共41页He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)第28页/共41页He talks about Rome as though hehad been there himself.第29页/共41页第30页/共41页主
13、语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气例句1.Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。2.Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。3.Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。3在句型在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中，中，that后面的从句中的谓语动后面的从句中的谓语动词用：词用：should+动词原形动词原形第3
14、1页/共41页虚拟语气虚拟语气几个特例几个特例2.Its(high/right)timethatthat从句要用虚拟语气：过去时或should+doItstimethatyouleft/shouldleavehere.1.ifonly意为：若是.那该多好啊;真希望.;只要,只要.就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidntdrivesofast.第32页/共41页Withoutyourhelp,wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress.Butformybrothers
15、help,Iwouldnothavefinisheditontime.Ihadtodosth.moreimportant,otherwiseImighthavehelped.虚拟语气虚拟语气几个特例几个特例3.一些介词短语一些介词短语,如如:butfor(要不是要不是),without,otherwise(否则否则),等等表示含蓄表示含蓄的条件的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气这时主句要用虚拟语气第33页/共41页1.Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.Itwasthedr
16、ug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe_thatdrug.A.nottakeB.shouldnthavetakenC.didnttakeD.hadnttaken第34页/共41页3.Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget4.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.
17、wasD.been第35页/共41页5.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken第36页/共41页7.(2002上海高考题)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyh
18、ometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall第37页/共41页8.Ifit_sohard，wedgototown.A.isntrainingB.werentrainingC.doesntrainD.hasrain9.IwishI_youyesterday.A.sawB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee第38页/共41页10.His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to yourplan.A.didntagreeB.hadntagreedC.wouldntagreeD.notagree第39页/共41页第40页/共41页感谢您的观看！第41页/共41页