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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设,该语法该语法主要用于主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句,也可用于也可用于主语从主语从句、句、表语从句、宾语从句表语从句、宾语从句等。等。通常有三种情况：通常有三种情况：通常有三种情况：通常有三种情况：与与与与过去过去过去过去事实相反。事实相反。事实相反。事实相反。与与与与现在现在现在现在事实相反。事实相反。事实相反。事实相反。与与与与将来将来将来将来事实可能相反。事实可能相反。事实可能相反。事实可能相反。例：例：例：例：IfIhadcomeheryesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.IfIhadc
2、omeheryesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.如果我昨天来，就会看见他了。如果我昨天来，就会看见他了。如果我昨天来，就会看见他了。如果我昨天来，就会看见他了。Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughttheIfyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.train.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。与过去相反与过去相反IftheyIftheyhadstudiedhardhadstudied
3、hard,they,theycouldhavedonecouldhavedoneititeasilythatday.easilythatday.1.1.如果他们以前努力学习的话，那天干的就会容易些。如果他们以前努力学习的话，那天干的就会容易些。如果他们以前努力学习的话，那天干的就会容易些。如果他们以前努力学习的话，那天干的就会容易些。2.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。IfheIfhehadnottakenhadnottakenmyadvice,hemyadvice,hewouldnthavewouldnthavedonedoneitmuch
4、betterlikethis.itmuchbetterlikethis.If I _time last night,I _ to see the film with you.had hadwould have goneIf he more carefully,he the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had If I how to swim,I trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been If the staff had been more careful,th
5、e mall would not be on fire now.例句中从句与例句中从句与过去事实过去事实相反相反,主句与主句与现在事实现在事实相反相反Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.NOTESNOTES:例：例：例：例：IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.IfIhadHIV,Iwouldknowbeca
6、useIwouldfeelsick.hadHIVhadHIVwouldfeelwouldfeelwerewerewouldbewouldbe与与现在现在相反相反What What wouldwould you do if you do if you you wonwon the lottery?the lottery?If I If I wonwon the lottery,the lottery,I I wouldwouldIf I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car.IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.I
7、f I had a lot of money now,I would travel around the world.If it were fine now,I would go shopping.If I _a teacher,I.were1.Iftheteacher1.Iftheteacheraskedaskedmetosolvetheproblemnextmetosolvetheproblemnexttime,Itime,Icouldtrycouldtrymybest.mybest.2.Ifhe2.Ifheshouldfailshouldfailintheexperimentthisti
8、me,heintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtrywouldtryagainagain.3.Ifwe3.Ifweweretopanicweretopanic,we,wewouldnotbewouldnotbeabletohelp.abletohelp.与与将来将来相反相反如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。If you ,everything all right.If you ,everything all right.If you ,everything all right.succeededwould beshould succeedwe
9、re to succeedwould beIf he got up early,he would be on timewishwishIn Subjunctive mood虚拟语气的特殊用法：虚拟语气的特殊用法：1I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnteaten so much watermelon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.wishwish+did(与事实相反的情况与事实相反的情况,)+h
10、addone(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)+would/could/might+do(将来不大可能实现的愿望将来不大可能实现的愿望)另外另外另外另外DemandSuggestOrderProposeRequestCommandInsistetc+(should)do表示表示愿望愿望、建议、建议、命令命令、请求请求等等2asif/asthoughasif/asthoughdid与现在事实相反的与现在事实相反的haddone与过去事实相反或想与过去事实相反或想象的事物象的事物He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or
11、probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)He talks about Rome as though hehad been there himself.主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气例句例句1.Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。2.Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。3.Itsimportantthatweshou
12、ldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。3在句型在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中，中，that后面的从句中的谓语动后面的从句中的谓语动词用：词用：should+动词原形动词原形虚拟语气虚拟语气几个特例几个特例2.Its(high/right)timethatthat从句要用虚拟语气：从句要用虚拟语气：过去时或过去时或should+doItstimethatyouleft/shouldleavehere.1.ifonly意为：若是意为：若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊
13、;真希望真希望.;只要只要,只要只要.就好就好表示现在的情况表示现在的情况,应用过去式应用过去式;如果是过去的情如果是过去的情况况,应用过去完成时态应用过去完成时态IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidntdrivesofast.Withoutyourhelp,wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress.Butformybrothershelp,Iwouldnothavefinisheditontime.Ihadtodosth.moreimportant,otherwiseImighthavehelped.虚拟语气虚拟语气几个特例几
14、个特例3.一些介词短语一些介词短语,如如:butfor(要不是要不是),without,otherwise(否则否则),等等表示含蓄表示含蓄的条件的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气这时主句要用虚拟语气1.Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe_thatdrug.A.nottakeB.shouldnthavetakenC.didntta
15、keD.hadnttaken3.Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget4.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been5.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlook
16、sasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.(2002上上 海海 高高 考考 题题)It is hard for me toimagine what I would be doing today if I_inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall8.Ifit_sohard，wedgototown.A.isntrainingB.werentrainingC.doesntrainD.hasrain9.IwishI_youyesterday.A.sawB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee10.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe_toyourplan.A.didntagreeB.hadntagreedC.wouldntagreeD.notagree