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1、语法专题七：虚拟语气1. 规则虚拟： 即含 if 从句的复合句，表示与事实相反。具体时态搭配为：时间if 从句主句对将来did(were) / were to + do / should + do would / could / might / should + do 对现在did(were) 同上对过去had done would / could / might / should + have done 注意：1) 交叉时间虚拟：即主、从句不在同一时间，注意各自的时态。2) 虚拟与非虚拟：即一句与事实相反，用虚拟；另一句与事实一致，用实际时态。3) 虚拟中的倒装：如if 从句中含should
2、, had, wer e 等，可将其置于句首，且省略if。4) 介短、副词代替if 从句：如without, but for, in the absence of ( 如果没有 ), or, otherwise 2. 表示建议、要求、劝告、命令类词+ 名从中的虚拟，从句动词:(should) do 适用词群： advise, ask, demand, desire, direct(指导，要求 ), insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge 等及其它们的名词、形容词、过去分词等，后跟名从。注意： 当 in
3、sist 为“坚持已发生或存在的事实”，suggest为“暗示、表明”时，要用陈述语气，即实际时态。3. wish 等词+ 从句： 从句时态向后退一格：即表示现在、 将来用 did / were / was; 表示过去用 had done。适用词群： wish, as if /though, If only(要, 就好了), would rather, It is (about / high) time 等。4. 情态动词+ have done 表虚拟：should / ought to have done 本应该做（实际没做，含“责备”之意）could / might have done 本
4、可以做（实际未做）needn t have done 本没必要做(实际做了 ) would like / love to have done would rather have done 本来想要做某事(但未做 ) had better have done 5. 句型：1) If it were not for , I would / should / might / could + do “要不是, ，我现在就, 。” （对现在的虚拟）If it had not been for , I would / should / might / could + have done. “要不是, ，我
5、当时就, 。” （对过去的虚拟）2) It is important / necessary / natural / strange + 从句It is a shame / pity / no wonder + 从句 . 以上从句谓语动词皆为：(should) do 3) had hoped / expected / intended / planned /+ to do 本希望/ 打算做 ,(但未做成 ) 巩固练习：1. -If he _, he _ that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was war
6、ned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 2. _ computer not be used tomorrow, it would take us a long time to do the job. A. Should B. Were C. Had D. May 3. The law requires that everyone _ his car checked
7、at least once a year. A. has B. have C. will have D. shall have 4. Their words suggested they _ tired, and I suggest we _ the further training. A. are; put off B. were; put off C. had; put off D. were; shall put off 5. He _ you more help, even th ough he was very busy. He acted as if he _ the boss.
8、A. should have given; were B. might have given; had been C. may have given; had been D. may give; was 6. His proposal is that the machine _ at once. A. is stopped B. would be stopped C. be stopped D. is being stopped 7. -Where _? -I got stuck in the heavy traffic, or I _ here earlier. A. did you go;
9、 had arrived B. were you; would come C. are; was D. have you been; would have been 8. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. followed B.would follow C. had followed D. should follow 9. The doctor insisted that the patient _ seriously ill and _ operated on at once. A. be; be B. was;
10、 was C. was; be D. be; was 10. -Have you visited the Great W all of China? -No, but I wish I _. A. will B. had C. have D. did 11. -Shall I tell them the news? -No, I would rather t hey _ know it. A. won t B. don t C. wouldn t D. didn t 12. As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning.
11、A. needn t B. mayn t C. can t D. mustn t 13. Isn t it time that you _ someone s life _ easier? A. will make; a bit B. made; a lot of C. made; a bit D. have; a little 14. - I thought you were coming back from Shanghai next week. - Oh, I _ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. A. wou
12、ld have intended B. intend C. had intended D. have intended 15. - Don t you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? - I agree, bu t the problem is _ he h as refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 16. I would love
13、 _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone 17. - How I want to have studied harder when I was in school. - If you had, you _ work into late every day nowadays. Anyhow, better late than never. A. don t B. wouldn t C. d
14、idn t D. won t 18. Without your help, our team _ the last match. A. won t win B. will lose C. wouldn t have won D. can t have lose 19. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. was C. are D. be 20. Our geography teacher has never been abroad, but he often talks as if he _ to many countries. A. had been B. should have been C. would have been D. has been 虚 拟语气： BABBACDCCBDACCBDBCCA