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1、独立主格结构独立主格结构 独立主格结构的模式是：独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词主格名词/代词代词+分词分词/形容词形容词/副词副词/不定式不定式/介词短语介词短语(作逻辑主语）作逻辑主语）（作逻辑谓语）（作逻辑谓语）1.All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.2.The question settled,we went home.3.The river having risen in the night,the crossing was impossible.主格名词主格名词/代词代词+分词分词 (过去分词过去分词/现在分词）现在分词）
2、主格名词主格名词/代词代词 +形容词形容词1.His mother being ill,he had to stay home to look after her.2.Other things being equal,I would buy the black dress.主格名词主格名词/代词代词 +副词副词The meeting being over,our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.We to care for the children,you are able to be carefree away from home.主格名词主格名词
3、/代词代词 +不定式不定式主格名词主格名词/代词代词 +介词短语介词短语Our English teacher came into the classroom,papers in hand.with复合结构复合结构 与与 独立主格结构独立主格结构 它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。with复合结构的模式是：with+with+名词名词/代词代词+分词分词/形容词形容词/副词副词/不定式不定式/介词短语介词短语独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词主格名词/代词代词+分词分词/形容词形容
4、词/副词副词/不定式不定式/介词短语介词短语一、作时间状语一、作时间状语 1、With winter coming on,the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on,the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.2、With the traffic light green,the bus got moving.=The traffic light green,the bus got moving.二、作原因状语二、作原因状语 1、With the weather
5、 terribly cold,we entered the room to warm ourselves.=The weather terribly cold,we entered the room to warm ourselves.2、With the key having been lost,she could not enter the room.=The key having been lost,she could not enter the room.三、作条件状语三、作条件状语 1、With time permitting,well visit the Summer Palace
6、.=Time permitting,well visit the Summer Palace.2、With the car going wrong,well have to stop at the foot of the mountain.=The car going wrong,well have to stop at the foot of the mountain.四、作伴随状语四、作伴随状语 1、The mother was cleaning the house with her baby playing on the bed.=The mother was cleaning the
7、house,her baby playing on the bed.2、Last night I followed him,with a sword in my hand.=Last night I followed him,sword in hand.无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand.with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.