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1、独立结构独立结构什么是独立结构？nThere being no cause for alarm, she went back to her room.nHe was standing there , pipe in her mouth.nWithout anyone noticing , he slipped through the window.nWeather permitting , I will go there with you. nDo you mind my opening the window？n独立结构是一种自身带主语自身带主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。除动名词外，非谓语
2、动词的其他形式均有独立结构。独立结构的性质、特点n性质：独立结构并非真正独立，必须依附于句子中而存在n特点：1.独立结构带有自身的逻辑主语 2.独立结构作状语时，须用逗号隔开。 3.表达状语时，不需要任何连词常见独立结构有如下6种形式：n1）名词/代词 + 现在分词， 主句n2）名词/代词 + 过去分词， 主句n3）名词/代词 + 不定时， 主句n4）名词/代词 + 形容词， 主句n5）名词/代词 + 副词， 主句n6）名词/代词 + 介词短语， 主句nWeather permitting , I will go there with you .nAll things considered ,
3、I am sure to succeed this time.nThe meeting is over ,the details to be discussed later .nThe man foxy and greedy , youd better stay away from him.nThe meeting over ,I went home with him directly.nGun in hand ,the robber rushed out of the bank nWith a lot of work to do , they decided to stay at home
4、.nWithout anyone noticing, he slipped through the window .nWith /without + 名词/代词 + 宾补其他的独立主格形式其他的独立主格形式There be句型表示存在nThere being nothing else to do , they decided to stay at home .nThere being no bus , we had to walk home.独立结构中某些词的删除或添加nThe report having been read ,we had a lively discussion.= The
5、report read ,nMany passengers being absent ,the plane had to be postponed.=Many passengers absent,nHe being very naughty , the teacher often punishes him.=?当当代词代词作逻辑主语时，独立结构中的作逻辑主语时，独立结构中的being/have being不能省略不能省略其他不能省略的情况n1.独立结构位于句尾表示原因：nHe had to stay where he was ,his leg being brokenn比较:His leg (
6、being) broken, he had to stay where he was.n2.在there/such being中nThere being no alarm , she went back to her room. 没有什么意外情况，她回到房间里去了nSuch being the case ,there are no grounds to justify your complaints.在with/without后的限定词必须全部保留nHe was standing there, with a pipe in his mouth 名词+介词短语的独立结构中，逻辑主语与介词短语中的
7、名词都是单数，这些名词前习惯上不用冠词nHe was standing there, pipe in mouth.nHe stood under a tree, hand in pocket独立结构的转换nThe river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible.n=As the river had risen in the night,.nHere are the first three novels, the fourth one to come out next monthn=?下面情况不是独立结构n.1 Many
8、people attended his party ,some of them leaders, others relatives and friends.n2.Its no use your/you talking to such a guyn3.Do you mind my opening the window?不定式可以带自身逻辑主语，但不是独立主不定式可以带自身逻辑主语，但不是独立主格结构格结构nIt is impossible for me to finish this work.nIt is unwise of them to turn down the suggestion.nR
9、ather than she washes dishes, I prefer to wash them myself练习n1_, Ill go over all these lessons before the exam. A. If time will permit B. Time permitting C. If time permitted D. Time permits n3Such _ the case ，there are no grounds to justify your complaintsnAbeing Bis Cwas Dto be n4Darkness _ in，the
10、 young people lingered on merrymakingnAset Bsetting Chas set Dwas set n5With all factors_，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goalnAbeing considered Bconsidering Cconsidered Dare considered nThere are various kinds of metals ，each _ its own propertiesAhas Bhad Cto have DHaving8Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office ，but our work _，we declined the offernAnot being finished Bnot having finished Chad not been finished Dwas not finished nTHE END