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1、关于独立主格结构讲解第一页，本课件共有15页独立主格结构：独立主格结构：形式：形式：npron+其他成分（其他成分（doingdone to do n.adj.adv介词短语）介词短语）在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、或伴随等个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、或伴随等情况。情况。1.It being Sunday,they had no classes.2.The signal given,the train started.3.The children were maki
2、ng a snowman,hands red with cold.4.He sat in the chair,book in hand and pipe in mouth.原因原因时间时间伴随伴随伴随伴随第二页，本课件共有15页n.pron.+doing/to do/done_(因为他很诚实因为他很诚实),we like him._,I had a good rest.(所有的所有的窗子都擦完了窗子都擦完了)_,a man came up with a practical solution.(正讨论这个问题时正讨论这个问题时)He being honestAll the windows cle
3、anedThe question being discussed第三页，本课件共有15页大多数的独立主格结构可以用大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”来来代替。代替。1）He lay there,his hands behind his head.(=with his hands behind his head)非谓语动词的独立主格结构非谓语动词的独立主格结构：“名词或代词名词或代词+非谓语动词非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。语动词的独立主格结构。1.不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状
4、态，不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）在句中做原因状语、条件状语）Lots of homework to be done,I have to stay at home.第四页，本课件共有15页2.动词动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构：形式构成的独立主格结构：如动词如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就要形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就要用动词用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时间状语、时间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）原因、条件、方式状语）1)表时间表时间The audience
5、having seated themselves,the concert began.2)表方式或伴随表方式或伴随The coward was backing,his face being deathly pale,toward another room.第五页，本课件共有15页表原因表原因The guide leading the way,we had no trouble getting out of the forest.=As the guide led the way,表条件：表条件：Weather permitting,we will go on an outing to the
6、beach now.(=If weather permits)Such being the case,you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case)第六页，本课件共有15页3.动词动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词动词-ed形式形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）1)表时间表时间The task completed,we had a global traveling.=The task having been comp
7、leted=After the task was completed,2)表方式或伴随表方式或伴随When in trouble,Tom would sit alone,head bent.3)表原因表原因Thousands of eyes fixed upon her,Mary felt on edge.第七页，本课件共有15页4).表条件表条件More time and money given,we can finish the work in advance.(=If more time and money are given,)注意：注意：1.不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生不定式往往
8、表示没有发生或即将发生2.动词动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态形式表示正在进行的动作或状态3.动词动词-ed 形式表示已经完成和被动的行为形式表示已经完成和被动的行为第八页，本课件共有15页1.So many windows to clean,I had to devote the whole afternoon.2.All the windows cleaned,I had a good rest.3.The question being discussed,a man came up with a practical solution.将要将要完成、被动完成、被动进行进行第九页，
9、本课件共有15页独立主格结构中的独立主格结构中的being 和和 having been常省略常省略1）。）。The football match(being)over,crowds of people poured out into the street.2).Nobody(being)in,I didnt enter the hall.3).All the windows(being)open,the air in the room is fresher.4).All the tickets(having been)sold out,we had to wait for the next
10、weeks show.第十页，本课件共有15页注意：注意：1.)当独立主格中的当独立主格中的being done 表示表示“正在被做时正在被做时”，being 此时不可省。此时不可省。Food being cooked,I fell asleep.2).当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是 it,there 时，时，being 常不省。常不省。It being fine,we can go to the beach.There being no time left,we had to speed up.第十一页，本课件共有15页1.While walking on the pl
11、ayground,_.A.a ball hit me B.my head was hit by a ball C.I was hit by a ball D.he was badly wounded 2._,he went out to play basketball.A.The exercise done B.on the exercises C.Having been done the exercises D.The exercises having finished 第十二页，本课件共有15页3._,the reward was given to him.A.Being honest B
12、.As an honest boy C.He being honest D.He was honest 4._ _ no bus,we had to go home by bus.A.Being B.There being C.There was 5 _ fine,we went out for a picnic.A.Being B.It being C.It was 第十三页，本课件共有15页1 如果天气许可,我们就去参观长城。Weather permitting,well go to visit the Great Wall.2 他开着窗睡着了。He fell asleep with the window open.3 所有的书都卖光了,他们只好回家。All the tickets having been sold out,he had to go home 第十四页，本课件共有15页感谢大家观看第十五页，本课件共有15页