商务英语第四册ppt全套电子课件完整版ppt整本书电子教案最全教学教程整套课件.pptx

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1、Unit 1Business OrganizationsWarm-up ActivitiesI.Pair worksBusiness organization refers to a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it.What do you know about business organization?Think about and talk with your partner.II.Group workWork in small groups,discussing the factor

2、s that can influence business organization management.IIIThink about and then make a list of forms or types of business organization that you know,for example Sole Proprietorship,Partnerships.Background Information uuHistory of the Corporation uuAlthough definitions and descriptions Although definit

3、ions and descriptions of corporations have changed of corporations have changed dramatically through the last few dramatically through the last few hundred years,the first corporation hundred years,the first corporation actually began long ago actually began long ago as early as as early as 1602.Two

4、 important corporations were 1602.Two important corporations were formed at this time and both were given formed at this time and both were given a multi-year monopoly on trade by their a multi-year monopoly on trade by their government.government.uuThe Oldest American BusinessesThe Oldest American

5、BusinessesuuWhen looking at American history,you When looking at American history,you cannot forget to look at the industries that cannot forget to look at the industries that have built it.have built it.The history of American The history of American business is as interesting as the history of bus

6、iness is as interesting as the history of America.When looking at the history of America.When looking at the history of U.S.businesses,you find that they all U.S.businesses,you find that they all started out small in the land of started out small in the land of opportunity,but endured generations of

7、 opportunity,but endured generations of change to become the oldest American change to become the oldest American businessesbusinesses.Notes of TextNotes of Textuu1.Sole Proprietorship:a type of business entity that is owned and run by one individual and in which there is no legal distinction betwee

8、n the owner and the business 独资(经营)uu2.Partnerships:A partnership is an arrangement where parties agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests.合伙人企业uu3.3.Corporations:Corporations:a large company or a large company or group of companies authorized to act as a group of companies authorized to

9、 act as a single entity and recognized as such in law single entity and recognized as such in law 法人公司法人公司uu4.4.Limited Liability Company:Limited Liability Company:a flexible a flexible form of enterprise that blends elements of form of enterprise that blends elements of partnership and corporate st

10、ructures.It is partnership and corporate structures.It is a legal form of company that provides a legal form of company that provides limited liability to its owners in the vast limited liability to its owners in the vast majority of United States jurisdictions.majority of United States jurisdiction

11、s.LLCs do not need to be organized for profit LLCs do not need to be organized for profit 股份有限公司,有限责任公司股份有限公司,有限责任公司Textanalysis1.Allbusinessesmustadoptsomelegalthatdefinestherightsandliabilitiesofparticipants1.Allbusinessesmustadoptsomelegalthatdefinestherightsandliabilitiesofparticipantsinthebusin

12、esssownership,control,personalliability,lifespan,andfinancialstructure.inthebusinesssownership,control,personalliability,lifespan,andfinancialstructure.uu所有的企业都必须采用某种合法的布局结构,由这种结构来决定企业各方在所有权、所有的企业都必须采用某种合法的布局结构,由这种结构来决定企业各方在所有权、决定权、各方责任、有效期限以及财务结构等方面的权利和义务。决定权、各方责任、有效期限以及财务结构等方面的权利和义务。uuadoptadoptuu

13、vt.vt.采取;接受;收养;正式通过采取;接受;收养;正式通过uuvi.vi.采取;过继采取;过继uuadopt vtadopt vt采用;收养;采纳;采取采用;收养;采纳;采取phrase:phrase:adoptmeasuresadoptmeasures采取措施采取措施ShouldAdoptShouldAdopt应采用;要采纳;应采取应采用;要采纳;应采取AdoptAuthorityAdoptAuthority接受权限接受权限AdoptMeAdoptMe收留我收留我AdoptPrefabAdoptPrefab采用组合式采用组合式adoptSPCadoptSPC使制程在管制状态下使制程在管

14、制状态下AdoptAustriaAdoptAustria采用奥地利采用奥地利configurationconfiguration n.n.配置;结构;外形配置;结构;外形例:例:Otherwise,theconfigurationshouldbethesame.Otherwise,theconfigurationshouldbethesame.否则,配置应该是相同的。否则,配置应该是相同的。Youdothisworkinconfiguration,ratherthanincode.Youdothisworkinconfiguration,ratherthanincode.您在配置中完成这些工作

15、,而不是通过编写代码。您在配置中完成这些工作,而不是通过编写代码。Inthisarticle,however,wedealwithonlyonesuchconfiguration.Inthisarticle,however,wedealwithonlyonesuchconfiguration.然而在本文中,我们只涉及其中的一种配置。然而在本文中,我们只涉及其中的一种配置。Phrase:Phrase:hardwareconfigurationhardwareconfiguration硬件配置硬件配置 systemconfigurationsystemconfiguration系统配置;系统结构系

16、统配置;系统结构 configurationmanagementconfigurationmanagement配置管理;结构管理配置管理;结构管理 networkconfigurationnetworkconfiguration网络结构;网路配置网络结构;网路配置 softwareconfigurationsoftwareconfiguration软件配置,软件结构软件配置,软件结构ownershipownershipn.n.所有权;物主身份所有权;物主身份例:例:What,then,constitutes“ownership”?What,then,constitutes“ownership”

17、?那么,什么是那么,什么是“所有权所有权”?Thematterindisputeistheownershipofthehouse.Thematterindisputeistheownershipofthehouse.眼下的纠纷是这所房子的所有权问题。眼下的纠纷是这所房子的所有权问题。Thetwosidescontinuedtodisputetheownershipoftheterritory.Thetwosidescontinuedtodisputetheownershipoftheterritory.双方继续争夺那片领土的所有权。双方继续争夺那片领土的所有权。phrase:phrase:st

18、ateownershipstateownership公有制;国家所有制公有制;国家所有制 privateownershipprivateownership私人所有制私人所有制 landownershiplandownership土地拥有权;土地业权土地拥有权;土地业权 publicownershippublicownership公有制;国家所有公有制;国家所有 collectiveownershipcollectiveownership集体所有制集体所有制uuliabilityliabilityuun.n.责任;债务;倾向责任;债务;倾向uu例:例:Ontheotherhand,yourdeb

19、tisanassettothebank,butitisyourliability.Ontheotherhand,yourdebtisanassettothebank,butitisyourliability.uu在另一方面,你的债务是银行的一种资产,但它却是你的债务。在另一方面,你的债务是银行的一种资产,但它却是你的债务。uuYoursavingsarealiabilitytothebankeventhoughthosesamesavingsareanassetYoursavingsarealiabilitytothebankeventhoughthosesamesavingsareanass

20、ettoyou.toyou.uu你的储蓄对银行来说是一种债务,虽然这些储蓄也是你的一种资产。你的储蓄对银行来说是一种债务,虽然这些储蓄也是你的一种资产。uuButwithouttheformalbusinessentity,youhavenohopeoflimitingyourpersonalButwithouttheformalbusinessentity,youhavenohopeoflimitingyourpersonalliability.liability.uu因为没有正规的商务体制,你就没有希望限制你的个人责任。因为没有正规的商务体制,你就没有希望限制你的个人责任。uuPhrase

21、:Phrase:uuliabilitycompanyliabilitycompany有限公司有限公司 uulimitedliabilitylimitedliability有限责任;有限债务责任有限责任;有限债务责任 uulimitedliabilitycompanylimitedliabilitycompany股份有限公司股份有限公司 uucivilliabilitycivilliability民事责任民事责任 uuliabilityinsuranceliabilityinsurance责任保险责任保险textAnalysisuu2.This decision will have long-t

22、erm implications,so you may want to consult with an 2.This decision will have long-term implications,so you may want to consult with an accountant and attorney to help you select the form of ownership that is right for accountant and attorney to help you select the form of ownership that is right fo

23、r you.you.uu这个决定具有长期的影响力,所以你可以与会计师和律师进行讨论,以确定适合你的企业组织形式。这个决定具有长期的影响力,所以你可以与会计师和律师进行讨论,以确定适合你的企业组织形式。uuimplicationimplicationuun.n.含义;暗示;牵连,卷入含义;暗示;牵连,卷入uu例:例:That was an implication.That was an implication.uu而这是一个暗示。而这是一个暗示。uuHe smiled,but the implication was that he didnt believe me.He smiled,but t

24、he implication was that he didnt believe me.uu他微微一笑他微微一笑,但这一笑暗示着他不相信我的话。但这一笑暗示着他不相信我的话。uuThe implication is that you may need to track all changes to your process,the reason The implication is that you may need to track all changes to your process,the reason why you made each change,and when the cha

25、nge was made to conform to these why you made each change,and when the change was made to conform to these regulations.regulations.uu这含义是您可能需要追踪对您的过程进行的所有的变更,您为什么进行每个变更的原因,以及为了这含义是您可能需要追踪对您的过程进行的所有的变更,您为什么进行每个变更的原因,以及为了遵守这些法规,什么时候进行的变更。遵守这些法规,什么时候进行的变更。uuphrase:phrase:uuenvironmental implicationenvi

26、ronmental implication环境的连带关系;环境影响环境的连带关系;环境影响uupsychological implicationpsychological implication心理涵义心理涵义uuland implicationland implication土地的影响土地的影响uuattorneyattorneyuun.n.律师;代理人律师;代理人uu例:例:The attorney for the defense challenged the juror.The attorney for the defense challenged the juror.uu被告辩护律师不

27、同意这位陪审员。被告辩护律师不同意这位陪审员。uuHe delegated his power of attorney to his sister-in-law.He delegated his power of attorney to his sister-in-law.uu他把他的代理人的权力委托给他的嫂子。他把他的代理人的权力委托给他的嫂子。uuThe attorney for the defense challenged the evidence as hearsay.The attorney for the defense challenged the evidence as hea

28、rsay.uu被告辩护律师驳斥该证据为道听途说。被告辩护律师驳斥该证据为道听途说。uuPhrase:Phrase:uupower of attorney power of attorney 委托书委托书 uuattorney general attorney general 司法部长;首席检察官司法部长;首席检察官 uudistrict attorney district attorney 美国地方检察官(略作美国地方检察官(略作D.A.D.A.)uupatent attorney patent attorney 代理人,专利代理人;专利律师;特许弁护士代理人,专利代理人;专利律师;特许弁护士

29、 uuletter of attorney n.letter of attorney n.委任状委任状Text Analysisuu3.The vast majority of small businesses start out as sole 3.The vast majority of small businesses start out as sole proprietorships.proprietorships.uu绝大多数的小型企业都是由独资经营开始的。绝大多数的小型企业都是由独资经营开始的。uusolesoleuun.n.鞋底;脚底;基础;鳎目鱼鞋底;脚底;基础;鳎目鱼uuad

30、j.adj.唯一的;单独的;仅有的唯一的;单独的;仅有的uuvt.vt.触底;上鞋底触底;上鞋底uu例:例:Practice is the sole criterion of truth.Practice is the sole criterion of truth.uu实践是检验真理的唯一标准。实践是检验真理的唯一标准。uuThis soldier was the sole survivor of the battle.This soldier was the sole survivor of the battle.uu这名士兵是这场战斗唯一的生还者。这名士兵是这场战斗唯一的生还者。uuWe

31、 will increase our turnover if you appoint us as your sole We will increase our turnover if you appoint us as your sole agent.agent.uu如果你方指定我们作为独家代理,我们将增加我们的销售量。如果你方指定我们作为独家代理,我们将增加我们的销售量。uuphrase:phrase:uusole agent n.sole agent n.总代理商;独家经营商;包销人总代理商;独家经营商;包销人 uusole agency sole agency 独家经理;唯一代理独家经理

32、;唯一代理 uusole purpose sole purpose 唯一目的唯一目的 uusole proprietorship sole proprietorship 独资(经营)独资(经营)uusole discretion sole discretion 全权处理全权处理 uusole distributor sole distributor 独家经销商;独家发行人独家经销商;独家发行人 uusole proprietor sole proprietor 独资企业;独资经营者独资企业;独资经营者 uushoe sole shoe sole 聚氨酯鞋底料,鞋底聚氨酯鞋底料,鞋底 uurub

33、ber sole rubber sole 橡胶鞋底;橡胶底橡胶鞋底;橡胶底 uusole right sole right 独占权独占权 uusole arbitrator sole arbitrator 独任仲裁员独任仲裁员 uuproprietorshipproprietorshipuun.n.所有权所有权uu例:例:Running a sole proprietorship is simple,but it exposes Running a sole proprietorship is simple,but it exposes you and your family to certa

34、in risks.you and your family to certain risks.uu运营独资的企业简单,但是它使你和你的家人暴露了在了危险之中。运营独资的企业简单,但是它使你和你的家人暴露了在了危险之中。uuTo regulate the business practices of self-employed,private To regulate the business practices of self-employed,private partnerships,individual proprietorship and private partnerships,indivi

35、dual proprietorship and private enterprises.enterprises.uu组织管理个体工商户、个人合伙、个人独资和私营企业的经营行为。组织管理个体工商户、个人合伙、个人独资和私营企业的经营行为。uuShe would preside over the innocent repasts of the young She would preside over the innocent repasts of the young heir,with ineffable satisfaction,almost with an air of joint heir,

36、with ineffable satisfaction,almost with an air of joint proprietorship with Richards in the entertainment.proprietorship with Richards in the entertainment.uu她会怀着难以形容的满意心情主持这位年轻继承人的天真的用餐,那她会怀着难以形容的满意心情主持这位年轻继承人的天真的用餐,那副神态就几乎像在这个款待中她跟理查兹共同享有所有权似的。副神态就几乎像在这个款待中她跟理查兹共同享有所有权似的。uuPhrase:uuproprietorship

37、theoryproprietorship theory业主论;所有权理论业主论;所有权理论uuVested ProprietorshipVested Proprietorship确定资本;投入资本确定资本;投入资本uuproprietorship certificateproprietorship certificate所有权证明书所有权证明书uusocial proprietorshipsocial proprietorship独资经营事业独资经营事业uutemporary proprietorshiptemporary proprietorship临时性业主产权;临时性资临时性业主产权;临

38、时性资本本Text Analysisuu4.Prospective employees may be attracted to the business 4.Prospective employees may be attracted to the business if given the incentive to become a partner.if given the incentive to become a partner.uu如果以能够成为合作经营者作为激励因素,能够吸引到高素质的雇员。如果以能够成为合作经营者作为激励因素,能够吸引到高素质的雇员。uuprospectivepro

39、spectiveuuadj.adj.未来的;预期的未来的;预期的uun.n.预期;展望预期;展望uu例:例:Prospective employers like to see what you have Prospective employers like to see what you have written.written.uu未来的老板愿意看你所写过的东西。未来的老板愿意看你所写过的东西。uuSome are well placed to benefit from a prospective squeeze Some are well placed to benefit from a

40、prospective squeeze on space.on space.uu一些开发商已经准备好从预期的拥挤空间中受益。一些开发商已经准备好从预期的拥挤空间中受益。uuThe prospective inspector prospected his prospect with his The prospective inspector prospected his prospect with his own perspective.own perspective.uu未来的检查员用自己的观点勘察他的前景。未来的检查员用自己的观点勘察他的前景。uuPhrase:uuprospective e

41、arningsprospective earnings会计会计 预期收益;远景收益;预期收益;远景收益;会计会计 预期收入预期收入uuProspective studyProspective study前瞻性调查;前瞻研究;前瞻性研究;前瞻性调查;前瞻研究;前瞻性研究;远景调查远景调查uuprospective damageprospective damage保险保险 预计损失预计损失uuprospective surveyprospective survey前瞻调查;前瞻查询拜访;性调查前瞻调查;前瞻查询拜访;性调查uuprospective aprospective a预期的;未来的;预期

42、的未来的;盼望中预期的;未来的;预期的未来的;盼望中的的uuincentiveincentiveuun.n.动机;刺激动机;刺激uuadj.adj.激励的;刺激的激励的;刺激的uu例:例:If they have a direct incentive to do so they will think If they have a direct incentive to do so they will think about it.about it.uu只有他们有了直接动机,他们才会思考这样做的意义。只有他们有了直接动机,他们才会思考这样做的意义。uuSince the Americans ha

43、ve no leverage in these conflicts,Since the Americans have no leverage in these conflicts,they also have no incentive to pick sides.they also have no incentive to pick sides.uu由于美国人在这些冲突中没有影响力,他们也就没有选择站哪边的动由于美国人在这些冲突中没有影响力,他们也就没有选择站哪边的动机。机。uuContent providers,however,have every incentive to control

44、Content providers,however,have every incentive to control access to it because they rely on the goodwill of their access to it because they rely on the goodwill of their audience.audience.uu但是,互联网的内容提供者有充分的动机去控制这些内容,因为他们但是,互联网的内容提供者有充分的动机去控制这些内容,因为他们靠他们观众的信任赚钱。靠他们观众的信任赚钱。uuPhrasePhrase:uuincentive m

45、echanism incentive mechanism 激励机制激励机制 uuincentive system incentive system 奖励制度,激励制度奖励制度,激励制度 uuincentive theory incentive theory 激励理论;诱因论激励理论;诱因论 uuincentive plan incentive plan 奖励计划,奖金计划奖励计划,奖金计划 uueconomic incentive economic incentive 经济激励,经济刺激;经经济激励,经济刺激;经济诱因济诱因 uuincentive compatibility incentiv

46、e compatibility 激励相容;剌激的协调激励相容;剌激的协调性性 uuincentive compensation incentive compensation 奖金奖金 Text Analysisuu5.A corporation may deduct the cost of benefits it provides to 5.A corporation may deduct the cost of benefits it provides to officers and employees.officers and employees.uu公司可以将其为管理人员和雇员提供的福利

47、在成本中扣除。公司可以将其为管理人员和雇员提供的福利在成本中扣除。uudeductdeductuuvt.vt.扣除,减去;演绎扣除,减去;演绎uu例:例:Once you deduct your expenses,there is nothing left.Once you deduct your expenses,there is nothing left.uu一旦扣除你的费用,就什么也没有了。一旦扣除你的费用,就什么也没有了。uuPay your savings just like you would a utility bill,add it to your Pay your savin

48、gs just like you would a utility bill,add it to your savings and deduct it from your checking.savings and deduct it from your checking.uu就像付水电费一样支付你的存款,把它从你的活期账户上扣除,放到你的储就像付水电费一样支付你的存款,把它从你的活期账户上扣除,放到你的储蓄账户上去。蓄账户上去。uuEach buyer is associated with a particular bank that can provide Each buyer is asso

49、ciated with a particular bank that can provide information about the account status,as well as deduct the information about the account status,as well as deduct the required funds from that account.required funds from that account.uu每个买方都与一个特定的银行联系在一起,该银行可以提供买方的帐户状态每个买方都与一个特定的银行联系在一起,该银行可以提供买方的帐户状态信

50、息,还可以从该帐户扣除所需资金。信息,还可以从该帐户扣除所需资金。uuPhrase:uudeduct craigslistdeduct craigslist可推论的可推论的uudeduct verbdeduct verb扣除扣除uudeduct chideduct chi货代货代uudeduct fromdeduct from从;中减去;扣除;减去从;中减去;扣除;减去uudeduct wagesdeduct wages扣工资扣工资Text Analysisuu6.The LLC is a relatively new type of hybrid business structure tha

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