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1、Unit 1Money Warm-up ActivitiesBackground InformationText AnalysisExtended ActivitiesWritingContentWarm-up ActivitiesI.Pair worksWhatdoyouknowaboutmoney?Thinkaboutitsvalueandtalkwithyourpartner.II.GroupworkDifferentitemshavebeenusedasmoneyatsometimeinhistory.Workinsmallgroups,discussinghoweachofthemw
2、asusedinhistoryorisstillbeingusedtoday.IIIThink about and then make a list of all the differentcurrencies you know in the world today,for example,yuan,dollar,poundBackground Information Moneyisanyobjectorrecordthatisgenerallyacceptedaspaymentforgoodsandservicesandrepaymentofdebtsinagivensocio-econom
3、iccontextorcountry.Functions of moneyMedium of exchange Unit of account Store of value Standard of deferred payment Measure of valueTypes of money Commodity money Representative money Fiat money Coinage Paper money Commercial bank money Digital moneyMoney is historically an emergent market phenomeno
4、nestablishing a commodity money,but nearly all contemporarymoneysystemsarebasedonfiatmoney.Fiat money,like any check or note of debt,is withoutintrinsicusevalueasaphysicalcommodity.Itderivesitsvaluebybeingdeclaredbyagovernmenttobelegaltender;thatis,itmustbeacceptedasaformofpaymentwithintheboundaries
5、ofthe country,for all debts,public and private.Such laws inpracticecausefiatmoneytoacquirethevalueofanyofthegoodsandservicesthatitmaybetradedforwithinthenationthatissuesit.Theword“money”isbelievedtooriginatefromatempleofHera,locatedonCapitoline,oneofRomessevenhills.IntheancientworldHerawasoftenassoc
6、iatedwithmoney.ThetempleofJunoMonetaatRomewastheplacewherethemintofAncientRome was located.The name Juno may derive from theEtruscangoddessUni(whichmeanstheone,unique,unit,union,united)and Moneta either from the Latin wordmonere(remind,warn,or instruct)or the Greek wordmoneres(alone,unique).In the W
7、estern world,a prevalent term for coin-money hasbeenspecie,stemmingfromLatininspecie,meaninginkind.MoneySupplyThemoneysupplyofacountryconsistsofcurrency(banknotesandcoins)andbankmoney(thebalanceheld in checking accounts andsavings accounts).Bank money,which consists only of records(mostly computeriz
8、ed in modernbanking),forms by far the largestpart of the money supply indevelopednations.CurrencyA currency is a unit of exchange and hence a kind ofmoney and medium of exchange.Currency includes paper,cotton,or polymer banknotes and metal coins.Countriesgenerallyhaveamonopolyontheissuingofcurrency,
9、althoughsome countries share currencies with other countries.Today,currencies are the dominant means of exchange.Differentcountries may use the same term to refer to their respectivecurrencies,eventhoughthecurrenciesmayhavelittleelsetodowitheachother.Aplacethatistechnicallypartofanothercountrysometi
10、mes uses a different currency from that of the parentcountry.List of circulating currencies by country or territoryAustraliaAustraliandollar$AUDCanadaCanadiandollar$CADFranceEuroEURGermanyEuroEURItalyEuroEURJapanJapaneseyen JPYKorea,SouthSouthKoreanwonKRWChina,PeoplesRepublicofChineseyuanor元CNYNorwa
11、yNorwegiankronekrNOKRussiaRussianruble.RUBUnitedKingdomBritishpoundGBPPennyUnitedStatesUnitedStatesdollar$USDCentNotesofTextbase metal:a metal that is common and not consideredprecious;lead,iron,copper,tin,andzincarebasemetals基本金属representativemoney:anytypeofmoneythathasfacevaluegreaterthanitsvaluea
12、smaterialsubstance.Usedinthissense,fiatmoneyisatypeofrepresentativemoney代用货币fiat money:state-issued money which is neither legallyconvertibletoanyotherthing,norfixedinvalueintermsofanyobjectivestandard,but,canbeusedasamediumofexchangetobuyallotheritemsintheeconomy.法定货币Text Analysis1.Fromthebeginning
13、ofhumankind,thesystemofbarterorexchange,hasbeenusedtobuygoods.Personalitemsofvaluesuchascropsoranimalswereexchangedforgoodsorserviceswanted.在人类发展的初期，以物易物的体制用于购买物品。诸如谷物，动物这些有价值的个人物品，已被用来交换想要的商品或服务。barter1.V-T/V-IIfyoubartergoods,youexchangethemforothergoods,ratherthansellingthemformoney.以物交换;以物易物例：Th
14、eyhavebeenbarteringwheatforcottonandtimber.他们一直在用小麦交换棉花和木材。2.N-UNCOUNTBarterisalsoanoun.物物交换例：Overall,barterisaveryinefficientmeansoforganizingtransactions.总的说来，物物交换是一种非常低效的组织交易的方式。Phrase:bartertrade易货贸易，实物交易barteraway经吃亏廉卖；拿作交易beusedtogetadaptedto,beaccustomedto习惯于例：ButthetechniqueIusedtomemorizeth
15、osechapterscanbeusedtomemorizeanything.但是我用来记住那些章节的技巧可以用来记住任何事情.例：Somememoryhastobeusedtokeeptrackofallthosereversemappings.不得不用一些内存来保持对所有那些反向映射的追踪Phrasebenotusedto我不习惯getusedto习惯于；过去惯于bewellusedtodo被好好地用来做beusedtosomething习惯于某事item1.Anitemisoneofacollectionorlistofobjects.一些物品中的一项例：Themostvaluablei
16、temonshowwillbeaPicassodrawing.展览中最有价值的作品将是毕加索的一幅画。2.Anitemisoneofalistofthingsforsomeonetodo,dealwith,ortalkabout.项目例：Theotheritemontheagendaisthetour.另一项议程是旅行。3.An item is a report or article in a newspaper or magazine,or ontelevisionorradio.(报刊、电视或广播中的)一篇报道或文章例：Therewasaniteminthepaperabouthim.报纸
17、上有一篇关于他的报道。4.Ifyousaythattwopeopleareanitem,youmeanthattheyarehavingaromanticorsexualrelationship.(在恋爱或有性关系的)一对非正式例：SheandGinowereanitem.她和吉诺曾是一对。Phrasemenuitem计菜单项itemontheagenda议程项目constructionitem施工项目，建设项目itembyitem逐项；逐条projectitem工程项目dataitem计数据项；计资料项itemnumber项目编号；品目号，项目号；产品编号newsitem新闻条目testit
18、em测验项目enditem成品，最终产品lineitem排列项Text Analysis2.Consequently,overtime,thebarteringsystemevolved,sothatpeoplecouldselltheirpigsatthebestpossibletimeandreceivecoinswhichcouldlaterbeusedtobuygrainwhenthewheatwasharvested.因此，以物易物体制随着时间的推移而发生着改变，人们在最适宜的时间变卖猪肉换取钱币，使得他们在小麦丰收时购买谷物。Consequently:meansasaresult.
19、结果例：Grandfatherhadsustainedabrokenbackwhileworkinginthemines.Consequently,hespenttherestofhislifeinawheelchair.爷爷在矿上做工时受了背伤，结果，他在轮椅上度过了他的余生。例：ConsequentlyIamabletoshowinterestinhimasaperson.结果是，我可以对作为一个人的他感到有了兴趣。evolve1.When animals or plants evolve,they gradually change anddevelopintodifferentforms
20、.进化例：Thebrightplumageofmanymalebirdswasthoughttohaveevolvedtoattractfemales.许多雄鸟的鲜艳羽毛被认为是为吸引雌鸟而进化来的。例：Birdsarewidelybelievedtohaveevolvedfromdinosaurs.鸟类普遍被认为是从恐龙进化而来的。2.If somethingevolves or you evolve it,itgraduallydevelopsoveraperiodoftimeintosomethingdifferentandusuallymoreadvanced.使逐步发展;逐步发展例：
21、.atinyairlinewhicheventuallyevolvedintoPakistanInternationalAirlines.最终发展成为巴基斯坦国际航空公司的一家小型航空公司。Phraseevolveintovt.发展成，进化成evolvefromv.由进化vt.发展，进化；进化；使逐步形成；推断出goway,todevelopvi.发展，进展；进化；逐步形成grow,expand,advance词根：evolveadj.evolutionary进化的；发展的；渐进的evolutionism进化论的n.evolution演变；进化论；进展evolutionism进化进化论harv
22、est1.Theharvestisthegatheringofacrop.收割例：Therewasabout300milliontonsofgraininthefieldsatthestartoftheharvest.收割伊始田间大约有三亿吨的谷物。2.harvestisthecropthatisgatheredin.收成例：Millions of people are threatened with starvation as a result of droughtandpoorharvests.数百万人因干旱和歉收正受到饥饿的威胁。3.Whenyouharvestacrop,yougath
23、eritin.收割例：Ricefarmersherestillplantandharvesttheircropsbyhand.这儿的稻农仍然靠双手种植和收割庄稼。Phrasebumperharvest丰收goodharvest丰收；好收成；高产harvesttime收获季节；收割期harvestmoon秋分前后的满月harvestfestival收获节（由基督教教会所举行）richharvest丰收3.Theexpression“asgoodasgold”developedfromthispracticeasitwasgenerallyacceptedthatalthoughthereceip
24、titselfwasofverylittle value it had a significant value since it was backed by thepromisetopaytheamountstatedonthereceipt.“价似黄金”这一说法，坊间普遍认为尽管收据本身价值较小，却因为它允诺支付收据上的数额而具有巨大价值。receipt1.receiptisapieceofpaperthatyougetfromsomeoneasproofthattheyhavereceivedmoneyorgoodsfromyou.收据例：Iwroteherareceiptforthemo
25、ney.我为那笔钱给她开了张收据。2.Receiptsaretheamountofmoneyreceivedduringaparticularperiod,forexamplebyashoportheatre.收入例：Hewastallyingthedaysreceipts.他正在结算当天的收入。3.Thereceiptofsomethingistheactofreceivingit.收到正式例：Goodsshouldbesuppliedwithin28daysafterthereceiptofyourorder.收到你的订单28天内供货。4.Ifyouareinreceiptofsometh
26、ing,youhavereceiveditoryoureceiveitregularly.已收到;定期收到正式例：Wearetakingaction,havingbeeninreceiptofaletterfromhim.收到他的信之后，我们正采取行动。Phraseonreceiptof在收到后officialreceipt正式收据acknowledgereceipt证实收到acknowledgereceiptof收到inreceiptof已收到state/stet/(stating,stated,states)1.You can refer to countries as states,pa
27、rticularly when you arediscussingpolitics.(政治上所指的)国家例：MexicoisasecularstateanddoesnothavediplomaticrelationswiththeVatican.墨西哥是个非宗教国家，和梵蒂冈没有外交关系。2.SomelargecountriessuchastheU.S.aredividedintosmallerareascalledstates.(美国等大国的)州例：LeadersoftheSouthernstatesaremeetinginLouisville.南部各州的领导人们正在路易斯维尔会晤。3.Th
28、eU.S.issometimesreferredtoastheStates.美国非正式例：SheboughtitlastyearintheStates.她去年在美国买了它。4.Youcanrefertothegovernmentofacountryasthestate.政府例：Thestatedoesnotcollectenoughrevenuetocoveritsexpenditure.政府没有征到足够的税来支付它的费用。5.Stateindustriesororganizationsarefinancedandorganizedbythegovernmentratherthanprivat
29、ecompanies.政府的;国家的ADJnSee:stateschool例：.reformofthestatesocial-securitysystem.国家社会保障体制的改革。6.N-COUNTWhenyoutalkaboutthestateofsomeoneorsomething,youarereferringtotheconditiontheyareinorwhattheyarelikeataparticulartime.状况;状态例：ForthefirstfewmonthsafterDanieldied,Iwasinastateofclinicaldepression.丹尼尔去世后的
30、头几个月，我一直处在临床抑郁状态。7.V.youstatesomething,yousayorwriteitinaformalordefiniteway.说明;写明例：Clearlystateyouraddressandtelephonenumber.清楚地写明你的地址和电话号码。Phrasestatecouncil国务院inastate口语不整洁(或混乱)的状态兴奋(或激动、紧张)状态instateadv.庄重地；正式地stateownership公有制；国家所有制stateofmind心理状态，思想状态；心境currentstate现行状态；初速电流状态secretaryofstaten.
31、（美）国务卿；（英）国务大臣；（美）州政府秘书长steadystate定态；恒稳态stateuniversity美州立大学statedepartmentn.（美国）国务院solidstate固态statepower国家权力；国家电力inastateof处于的状态Exercise:I.Answer the following questions according to the text:1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.Whatistheproblemwithusingperishablecommoditiessuchassalt,tea,tobaccoor
32、seedsasmoney?3.Couldyoulistthedisadvantagesofbarter?4.WhatisthedevelopmentofcoinsinChina?Theinfluenceofvariousmonetarysystemsinourlivesthroughtheages.Storageandtransportationofsuchitems.Itisnoteasytostoreandtransportandnotconvenienttobuyotherthingsontime.InChinaaround1200BCEcowryshellswereused.Astim
33、ewentby,theChinesebeganmakingmockcowryshellsoutofmetal.5.Whichcountriescoinsdevelopmenthasbeenmentioned?6.Whatdoyouknowaboutthereceipt?7.Whatisthefiatmoney?8.Whatisthestandardformofnationalcurrencyandwhenitbegins?9.Whatcanprovethatcoinshavebeenthemostimportantformofmoney?China,Turkey,Egypt,Greeceand
34、Rome.Itwasofvaluelittlevalue.It is money which is given value by a government,not based on therepresentationofanycommodityorpreciousmetalstoredinabank.Fiatmoneyhasbecomethestandardformofnationalcurrencyin1971whentheUnitedStatesdeclareditsdollarwouldnolongerbebackedbyanycommodity.InanauctionatSotheby
35、sinLondoninJuly1995,200ancientcoinssoldforovertwomillionpounds.Onecoin,mintedin460BCEwassoldforonehundredandthirstytwothousandpounds.Word PracticeFill in the blanks with appropriate words from the text.The initial letter of each word has been supplied for you.1.Energyisatradedcbutitisimportantalsoth
36、epoliticalinputweputintothisproject.2.Inwhatway?Onlytenyearsago,youcouldbforthings,butnowitsallcash.3.Mstimulusaloneisnotenough-itmustbecombinedwithfiscalstimulusifyou wantmorebangfor your buck,henoted.4.Inonepdiscipline,theysaythatincommunicationthereisnofailurebutonlyfeedback.5.Tmodity2.barter3.Mo
37、netary4.psychological5.evolve6.Auditcultureistheabilityandachievementstheauditorganizationsandpersonnelacquire,a,createandextendinauditpractice.7.Goodadvertisingdoesnotjustcinformation.Itpenetratesthepublicmindwithdesiresandbelief.8.Inbothcases,bidderscompeteagainstoneanothertowinthea.9.Ifyoucannotc
38、onfirmrofourremittancebytomorrow,pleasefaxusimmediately.10.Itsaslackseasonandweregoingtosbusiness.6.accumulate7.circulate8.auction9.receipt10.stashFill in the blanks with the appropriate words or phrases given in the box.Change the forms where necessary.becentraltofromthebeginningofconsiderasbeknown
39、asbaseonasaconsequenceofinexchangeforstashawayendupwithmakeendsmeettheoriginofsuchas1.Whatdoyouthemarrowofthisbusiness?2.Atthedinnerweusuallystartwithsoupandfruit.3.ThatisnottodenythatforeignaffairswillMr.Bushsreputation.1.consideras2.endupwith3.becentralto4.Deflationisarealpossibilityin2009globalre
40、cession.5.yourrequest,confirmationletterwouldbeissuedtoyou.6.Sosmallamountsofmoneyinanemergencyfund,andmakesureyouuseitwell,onlyforemergencies!7.theuniverseisanagelesstopic.8.Laughatworkandapositiveachiever.9.Thishasbeentime,thedivisionandtheendlessconflict.10.Youcanalsorequestsomethingyouroffer.4.a
41、saconsequenceof5.Baseon6.stashaway7.Theoriginof8.beknownas9.fromthebeginningof10.inexchangeforTranslationTranslate the following sentences into English:1.你也有自己的家庭需要考虑。2.她几乎挣不到足够的钱来维持开支。3.在那里，他存够了婚礼的费用。4.据预测，海平面升高是由于全球气候的变暖。5.有关女性和领导阶层的问题将必定成为世界新秩序的核心。1.Youhaveyourownfamilytoconsideraswell2.Shescarce
42、lyearnsenoughmoneytomakeendsmeet3.There,heearnedenoughtostashawaysavingsforhiswedding4.The rise in sea levels is predicted as a consequence of globalwarming5.Issuessurroundingwomenandleadershiparesuretobecentraltoournewworldorder.V.Reading comprehensionRead the text carefully,and choose the best ans
43、wer.Inrecentyears,moreandmorepeoplehavebeenpayingforthingswithcreditcards.Therearenow565millioncreditcardsworldwide,butitdoesntstopthere.Debitcards(电子记账卡)arebeingissuedbybanks,andstorecardsarebeing offered by many departmentstores.Billsand coins are graduallybeingreplaced by plastic money.In many co
44、untries,phone cards have beenintroducedforpeopletouseinpayphones.Inaddition,cardsmadeofpaperarebeingreplacedbyplasticonesbymanyorganizationsandclubs.Forexample,ifyoubelongtoasportsclub,yourmembershipcardmaywellbemadeofplastic.Howsafeistheplasticusedtomakethesecards,though?Untilnow,most cards have be
45、en made from a plastic called PVC.While PVC is beingproduced,harmfulchemicalsarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Oneofthemostdangerouschemicalsthatisreleasedisdioxin,whichisknowntocausecancerinhumans.Afurtherproblemisthat,whenaPVCcardisthrownaway,itisnotbiodegradable;thismeansthatitdoesnotbreakdownandcanno
46、tberecycled.Obviously,recyclingreducespollutionoftheenvironment.The executive director of the environmental organization and charityGreenpeace,PeterMelchett,says,Ifthereisasolutiontothis-andanalternativethenitwouldbemadnessnottouseit.Greenpeacehasfoundasolutionandanalternative.Theirnewcreditcardisma
47、deentirelyfromabiodegradableplasticthatusesplants.Thecardbreaksdowninaroundthreemonthsinsoil;inthisway,itisrecycled.Incontrast,aPVCcardlastsforcenturiesGreenpeacehopesthatmanyorganizationswillsoonfollowtheirexampleandissuecardsthatdonotthreatenthepublichealth.1.Fewerandfewercreditcardsaremadeofpaper
48、.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned2.Theplasticusedincreditcardsisfairlysafe.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned3.Thecardsthatarewildlyusednowarecreditcards.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned4.Mostcreditcardsarebiodegradable.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned5.ThenewcreditcardthatisbeingintroducedbyGreenpeaceisnotmadeofplas
49、tic.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned1.A2.B3.C4.B5.BWritingRsumYourrsumintroducesyoutopotentialemployers.Findouthowtowriteonethatwillmakeagoodimpression.Intodayscompetitivejobmarket,awell-writtenrsumisthesinglemostimportantfactoringettingyourfootinthedoorandonyourwaytolandingtheperfectpositionInthispart,
50、wewilllearnaboutHOWTOWRITEAPROPERRESUME.I.TheelementsoftheproperresumeAny resume should include the following basic elements,which can show yourdifferentaspectstoyourpotentialemployers.1.Identifyinginformation2.TheobjectiveMost employers want an objective on a rsum.It acts as a heading,a guidingstat