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1、大学英语公众演讲Chapter 9 Skills of delivery电子课件Skills of delivery Content Opening discussion Appreciating the speech Practice Building a deeper understanding The goals of this lecture Critical thinkingOpening DiscussionWIn what ways do you think delivery is important for a speaker?What do ytou think is goo
2、d delivery?Which part of delivery do you feel that you need to improve most?After successfully completing this unit,you should be able to:understand different parts relating to understand different parts relating to understand different parts relating to understand different parts relating to verbal
3、 deliveryverbal deliveryverbal deliveryverbal delivery understand how non-verbal elements affect understand how non-verbal elements affect understand how non-verbal elements affect understand how non-verbal elements affect deliverydeliverydeliverydelivery understand practice leads to improved unders
4、tand practice leads to improved understand practice leads to improved understand practice leads to improved deliverydeliverydeliverydelivery identify four methods of speech deliveryidentify four methods of speech deliveryidentify four methods of speech deliveryidentify four methods of speech deliver
5、y understand the suggested steps to improve understand the suggested steps to improve understand the suggested steps to improve understand the suggested steps to improve extemporaneous deliveryextemporaneous deliveryextemporaneous deliveryextemporaneous deliveryVerbal communication Speech deliveryNo
6、n-verbal communication Effective delivery conveys clear message,Effective delivery conveys clear message,Effective delivery conveys clear message,Effective delivery conveys clear message,feels natural,and affects the audience in feels natural,and affects the audience in feels natural,and affects the
7、 audience in feels natural,and affects the audience in a positive way.a positive way.a positive way.a positive way.It projects the speakerss competence and It projects the speakerss competence and It projects the speakerss competence and It projects the speakerss competence and boosts the speakers c
8、redibility.boosts the speakers credibility.boosts the speakers credibility.boosts the speakers credibility.Verbal communicationVoice qualityVoice qualityVoice qualityVoice qualityVolumeVolumeVolumeVolumeRateRateRateRatePitch and inflectionPitch and inflectionPitch and inflectionPitch and inflectionP
9、ausePausePausePausePronunciation and articulationPronunciation and articulationPronunciation and articulationPronunciation and articulation Voice qualityVoice quality is unique to everyone.Voice quality is unique to everyone.Voice quality is unique to everyone.Voice quality is unique to everyone.We
10、must make sure we speak in ways to We must make sure we speak in ways to We must make sure we speak in ways to We must make sure we speak in ways to enhance clarity and effectiveness.enhance clarity and effectiveness.enhance clarity and effectiveness.enhance clarity and effectiveness.VolumeA speaker
11、 should make sure her voice is A speaker should make sure her voice is A speaker should make sure her voice is A speaker should make sure her voice is loud enough to be heard by everyone in the loud enough to be heard by everyone in the loud enough to be heard by everyone in the loud enough to be he
12、ard by everyone in the audience,even those in the back-row.audience,even those in the back-row.audience,even those in the back-row.audience,even those in the back-row.In general,being louder is better than In general,being louder is better than In general,being louder is better than In general,being
13、 louder is better than being too soft.being too soft.being too soft.being too soft.The best policy is to use a naturasl vocal The best policy is to use a naturasl vocal The best policy is to use a naturasl vocal The best policy is to use a naturasl vocal range and adapt your voice to the response ra
14、nge and adapt your voice to the response range and adapt your voice to the response range and adapt your voice to the response from the audience so that everyone can hear from the audience so that everyone can hear from the audience so that everyone can hear from the audience so that everyone can he
15、ar you comfortably.you comfortably.you comfortably.you comfortably.RateRate is the speed at which you deliver your Rate is the speed at which you deliver your Rate is the speed at which you deliver your Rate is the speed at which you deliver your speech.Speakers should avoid speaking too speech.Spea
16、kers should avoid speaking too speech.Speakers should avoid speaking too speech.Speakers should avoid speaking too fast or too slow.fast or too slow.fast or too slow.fast or too slow.The best policy is speaking at a speed The best policy is speaking at a speed The best policy is speaking at a speed
17、The best policy is speaking at a speed comfortable to the audience,varying the comfortable to the audience,varying the comfortable to the audience,varying the comfortable to the audience,varying the speed to achieve the desired effects.speed to achieve the desired effects.speed to achieve the desire
18、d effects.speed to achieve the desired effects.Pitch and inflectionPitch is the degree of the height or depth Pitch is the degree of the height or depth Pitch is the degree of the height or depth Pitch is the degree of the height or depth of a sound.of a sound.of a sound.of a sound.The changes in pi
19、tch are called inflections.The changes in pitch are called inflections.The changes in pitch are called inflections.The changes in pitch are called inflections.Speakers should be aware of pitch Speakers should be aware of pitch Speakers should be aware of pitch Speakers should be aware of pitch varia
20、tions.variations.variations.variations.During practice,speakers can intentionally During practice,speakers can intentionally During practice,speakers can intentionally During practice,speakers can intentionally add inflections in delivery and change the add inflections in delivery and change the add
21、 inflections in delivery and change the add inflections in delivery and change the pitch to emphasize particular words.pitch to emphasize particular words.pitch to emphasize particular words.pitch to emphasize particular words.PauseA pause is a temporary sotp that is A pause is a temporary sotp that
22、 is A pause is a temporary sotp that is A pause is a temporary sotp that is intentional or unintentional.intentional or unintentional.intentional or unintentional.intentional or unintentional.A well-timed pause could achive a desired A well-timed pause could achive a desired A well-timed pause could
23、 achive a desired A well-timed pause could achive a desired effect where no words could accomplish it.effect where no words could accomplish it.effect where no words could accomplish it.effect where no words could accomplish it.It gives the audience time to briefly It gives the audience time to brie
24、fly process the information while varying the process the information while varying the speed to gain audience attention.speed to gain audience attention.Pronunciation and articulationPronunciation is the correct way of making Pronunciation is the correct way of making Pronunciation is the correct w
25、ay of making Pronunciation is the correct way of making the sound of a word,including correct the sound of a word,including correct the sound of a word,including correct the sound of a word,including correct rhythm and stress.rhythm and stress.rhythm and stress.rhythm and stress.Articulation is the
26、formation of clear and Articulation is the formation of clear and Articulation is the formation of clear and Articulation is the formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech.distinct sounds in speech.distinct sounds in speech.distinct sounds in speech.Foreign language speakers should learn the F
27、oreign language speakers should learn the correct pronunciation and enhance correct pronunciation and enhance articulation in their speecharticulation in their speech Non-verbal communicationClothingClothingClothingClothingPosture and movementsPosture and movementsPosture and movementsPosture and mo
28、vementsGesturesGesturesGesturesGesturesFacial expressionFacial expressionFacial expressionFacial expressionEye contactEye contactEye contactEye contact ClothingAppropriate dress and grooming will help Appropriate dress and grooming will help Appropriate dress and grooming will help Appropriate dress
29、 and grooming will help establish the speakers image.establish the speakers image.establish the speakers image.establish the speakers image.It can send out signals of respect,It can send out signals of respect,It can send out signals of respect,It can send out signals of respect,authority,or eleganc
30、eauthority,or eleganceauthority,or eleganceauthority,or elegance Posture and movementsPosture implictly illustrates if a speaker Posture implictly illustrates if a speaker Posture implictly illustrates if a speaker Posture implictly illustrates if a speaker is confident,graceful,or nervous.is confid
31、ent,graceful,or nervous.is confident,graceful,or nervous.is confident,graceful,or nervous.Good posture conveys confidence.Good posture conveys confidence.Good posture conveys confidence.Good posture conveys confidence.GesturesGestures are about the movements of the Gestures are about the movements o
32、f the Gestures are about the movements of the Gestures are about the movements of the hands or arms.hands or arms.hands or arms.hands or arms.Natural gestures are the most appropriate Natural gestures are the most appropriate Natural gestures are the most appropriate Natural gestures are the most ap
33、propriate ones,and they help heighten the speech ones,and they help heighten the speech ones,and they help heighten the speech ones,and they help heighten the speech performance.performance.performance.performance.Facial expressionAppropriate facial expression convey Appropriate facial expression co
34、nvey Appropriate facial expression convey Appropriate facial expression convey feelings towards either the topic or the feelings towards either the topic or the feelings towards either the topic or the feelings towards either the topic or the audience.audience.audience.audience.Eye contactEye-contac
35、t is an effective way to involve Eye-contact is an effective way to involve Eye-contact is an effective way to involve Eye-contact is an effective way to involve the audience and establish trust.the audience and establish trust.the audience and establish trust.the audience and establish trust.The fo
36、llowing tips can improve eye contact:The following tips can improve eye contact:The following tips can improve eye contact:The following tips can improve eye contact:1.Look at one person until you finish one Look at one person until you finish one sentence and thenmake eye contact with sentence and
37、thenmake eye contact with another person or section of the another person or section of the audience.audience.2.Direct your eyes to the back-row Direct your eyes to the back-row occasionallyoccasionally3.Practice eye contact in front of a Practice eye contact in front of a mirror,on you cell phone,o
38、r in front mirror,on you cell phone,or in front of friends who would give you some of friends who would give you some honest feedback.honest feedback.Methods of deliverySpeaking impromptu01Speaking from a full munscript02Speaking from memory03Speaking extemporaneously04Speaking impromptuSpeaking imp
39、romptu is speaking with little Speaking impromptu is speaking with little Speaking impromptu is speaking with little Speaking impromptu is speaking with little or no preparation,which is a test and or no preparation,which is a test and or no preparation,which is a test and or no preparation,which is
40、 a test and challenge of the speakers instant challenge of the speakers instant challenge of the speakers instant challenge of the speakers instant analysis of questions and the ability to analysis of questions and the ability to analysis of questions and the ability to analysis of questions and the
41、 ability to structure ideas strategicallystructure ideas strategicallystructure ideas strategicallystructure ideas strategicallySpeaking from a manuscriptSpeaking from afull manuscript refers to Speaking from afull manuscript refers to Speaking from afull manuscript refers to Speaking from afull man
42、uscript refers to delivering a speech from a fully prepared delivering a speech from a fully prepared delivering a speech from a fully prepared delivering a speech from a fully prepared and carefully scripted text.and carefully scripted text.and carefully scripted text.and carefully scripted text.It
43、 requires exactness reading and allows It requires exactness reading and allows It requires exactness reading and allows It requires exactness reading and allows little or no changeslittle or no changeslittle or no changeslittle or no changesThe advantage of a manuscript delivery is The advantage of
44、 a manuscript delivery is The advantage of a manuscript delivery is The advantage of a manuscript delivery is that it guarantees time management and that it guarantees time management and that it guarantees time management and that it guarantees time management and focuses on the message.focuses on
45、the message.focuses on the message.focuses on the message.Speaking from MemorySpeaking from memory refers to delivering a Speaking from memory refers to delivering a Speaking from memory refers to delivering a Speaking from memory refers to delivering a speech by memorizing the content that has spee
46、ch by memorizing the content that has speech by memorizing the content that has speech by memorizing the content that has been prepared in advance.been prepared in advance.been prepared in advance.been prepared in advance.Speaking from memory is more than just a Speaking from memory is more than jus
47、t a Speaking from memory is more than just a Speaking from memory is more than just a recital.It is not simply giving a message.recital.It is not simply giving a message.recital.It is not simply giving a message.recital.It is not simply giving a message.A speaker still has a responsibility of A spea
48、ker still has a responsibility of A speaker still has a responsibility of A speaker still has a responsibility of impacting her audience.impacting her audience.impacting her audience.impacting her audience.Speaking extemporaneouslySpeaking extemporaneously means speaking Speaking extemporaneously me
49、ans speaking Speaking extemporaneously means speaking Speaking extemporaneously means speaking based from an outline or notes prepared based from an outline or notes prepared based from an outline or notes prepared based from an outline or notes prepared beforehand.beforehand.beforehand.beforehand.I
50、n the preparation stages,speakers outline In the preparation stages,speakers outline In the preparation stages,speakers outline In the preparation stages,speakers outline the speech and practice it.the speech and practice it.the speech and practice it.the speech and practice it.It is a good way to t