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1、2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, its a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, frien
2、dships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 in the wrong place often carries a high 3. 4 , why do we trust at all Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herdi
3、ng instinct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure_8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9 : Tn a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers
4、 than were their 10 who inhaled something else. 11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us.A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic
5、container. The tester would ask, /，What，s in here before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, Wow! Each subject was then invited to look 15 .Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the chi Idren who had not been tr
6、icked, the majori ty were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19 , only five of the 30 chi Idren paired with the 20 testerparticipated in a1.A from2.A attention3.A benefitparticipated in a1.A from2.A attention3.A benefitactivity.fo
7、rClikeonconcerncfaithinterestpriceCdebthopep u TJ J u B B B 一 rL rL rLThe Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a uniuc position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it w
8、as built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.4.AAgainBInsteadCThereforeThen5.AWhenBUnlessCAl thoughUntil6.AselectsBappliesCproducesmaintains7.AconnectBcom
9、peteCconsultcompareE. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 mi les of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of w
10、ood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4, 000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.F. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive off
11、ices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the St
12、ate Department building.41.C -* 42._ 43.f F _ 44.-*45. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeares lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achie
13、vement in the drama. (46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as every
14、where else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widesp
15、read desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went o a grammar school could be ignoranl Ihat Ihe drama was a fonn of lileralure which gave glory to Greece and Rone and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old the first public playhouse was built in London.
16、 For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aimingxat literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Pauls and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court. (48) But the professional companies prospered in th
17、eir permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were uick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that cro
18、wded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage一where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been be
19、gun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mer
20、e number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, wc must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no aulhor of n
21、ole whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an email to all international experts on campus, inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email, you should include the time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write abou
22、t 100 words on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming instead. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you shoulddescribe the picture briefly,1) interpret the meaning, andgive your comments.Wr
23、ite your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题参考答案Section I Use of EnglishC1. AD4.BD6.BC7. DB8. AB9. BA10. CD11. AC12. BA13. CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ATextl21 答案 D Middle-class workers答案 C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled22 答案 A creative poten
24、tial.答案 D. preventing the income gap from widening.23 .答案 B. possible solutions to it. Text 2.答案 Dsocial media was a reliable source of news24 .答案A sharpen.答案B verify news by referring to diverse resources.25 .答案C readers? misinterpretation.26 答案A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online. T
25、ext 3.答案 B. It failed to pay due attention to patient* s rights.27 .答案 C. necessary adjustments.28 .答案 D. the value of data comes from the processing of it.答案 D the monopoly of big data by tech giants.29 答案 B cautiousText 430 .答案 B its rigid management.答案A the interference from interest groups31 .答案
26、A removing its burden of retiree health care.32 .答案C discontent.33 .答案D The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid.Part B41 .【答案】E.【答案】G42 .【答案】A.【答案】B43 .【答案】D8. A by9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.一： 一 A A rL context counterparts Odd protect over added out proved fooled forcedOn the whole i
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29、I Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the uestions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next pres
30、idential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobsDont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U. S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately sueezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or da
31、y care don，t appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations一trucking, financial advice, software engineering-have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn t to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers
32、in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn，t go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices,
33、and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workersgrammar school to college-should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving ski 1 Is and helping
34、 students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acuire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the
35、U. S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented y
36、et. The U. S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on 1 ow-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax cr
37、edit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce ineuality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this wi 11 be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.
38、Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21. Who will be most threatened by automationA Leading politicians.B Low-wage laborers.C Robot owners.D Middle-class workers.22. Which of the following best represents the aut
39、hor , s viewA Worries about automation are in fact groundless.B Optimists opinions on new tech find little support.C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.D Negative conseuences of new tech can be avoided.23. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis onA creative potent
40、ial.B job-hunting skills.C individual needs.D cooperative spirit.24. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed atA encouraging the development of automation.B increasing the return on capital investment.C easing the hostility between rich and poor.D preventing the income gap from widening.25. I
41、n this text, the author presents a problem withA opposing views on it.B possible solutions to it.C its alarming impacts.D its major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President TrumpJ s use of Twitter. The implication is th
42、at Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president ) s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. (2)Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy ski 11 s
43、. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2022 presidential campaign, nearly a uarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook user
44、s rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use distributed trust to verify stories. Th
45、ey cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives 一especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints, the survey concluded.Such active research can ha
46、ve another effect. A 2022 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement. Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately w
47、hile also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is areader error, more so
48、 than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in u mis interpretation or exaggeration of actual news via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real perso