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1、一、英语语音语调的重要性一、英语语音语调的重要性二、简要回顾音标及语调基础知识二、简要回顾音标及语调基础知识三、英式英语和美式英语的主要区别三、英式英语和美式英语的主要区别四、口语表达的误区四、口语表达的误区五、语音语调模仿技巧五、语音语调模仿技巧一、英语语音语调的重要性一、英语语音语调的重要性How are you?Who are you?dirty or thirtyHe slips on the stairs.He sleeps on the stairs.l语音是最基本的语言要素l提高英语听力水平l帮助记忆词汇一、英语语音语调的重要性一、英语语音语调的重要性一、英语语音语调的重要性一、
2、英语语音语调的重要性l节奏和语调比音素更重要节奏和语调比音素更重要 l英语的语调像一条丝带英语的语调像一条丝带 l汉语的语调则像锯齿汉语的语调则像锯齿二、简要回顾音标及语调基础知识二、简要回顾音标及语调基础知识 1.国际音标概述 英语语音,按音素的划分共有44个音素。在这44个音素中,有28个辅音,12个单元音和8个双元音,英语共有48个音位,国际音标是记录这些音位的符号。元音vowels:发音时气流不受发音器官阻碍,声带振动辅音consonants:受到发音器官阻碍,声带有的振动,有的不振动 音标按照发音时的特点不同,可分为:元音:元音:单元音(前元音、中元音、后元音)双元音(合口双元音、集
3、中双元音)辅辅音音:爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻音、舌侧音、半元音辅音又可分为清辅音和浊辅音。元音元音12个个/i:/I/e/Q/A:/V/O:/X/u:/:/E/双元音双元音8个个/eI/aI/OI/a/E/IE/eE/E/清浊成对的辅音10对(20个)/b/b/g/g/v/v/z/z/D/D/S/S/Z/Z/S/S/Z/Z/r/r/r/r/z/z/单个辅音8个:/m/m/l/l/r/r/h/h/2.语音语调知识l听读结合l重在模仿l贵在领悟l及时纠正语音语调知识语音语调知识1失去爆破失去爆破 当一个爆破音后面紧接着另一个爆破音当一个爆破音后面紧接着另一个爆破音或摩擦音,或破擦音、或鼻音、或舌
4、侧音时,或摩擦音,或破擦音、或鼻音、或舌侧音时,前一个爆破音不发生爆破或不完全发生爆破,前一个爆破音不发生爆破或不完全发生爆破,这种现象叫失去爆破。在读后一个辅音之前,这种现象叫失去爆破。在读后一个辅音之前,要用相关的发音器官摆好前一个爆破音的发要用相关的发音器官摆好前一个爆破音的发音姿势,作发音准备,稍作停顿后再直接摆音姿势,作发音准备,稍作停顿后再直接摆发下面的爆破音。发下面的爆破音。1)完全失去爆破完全失去爆破爆破音爆破音+爆破音爆破音a flat tire/cupboard/blackboard/Red cross2)不完全失去爆破不完全失去爆破爆破音爆破音+摩擦音摩擦音或破擦音或破擦
5、音a sad story/a nonstop flight/recite the poem/a good chance3)不完全失去爆破不完全失去爆破爆破音爆破音+鼻辅音鼻辅音good morning/garden/pardon4)不完全失去爆破不完全失去爆破爆破音爆破音+舌侧音舌侧音little/at last/hard life朗读下列短语,注意失去爆破朗读下列短语,注意失去爆破a red chair/an old jeep/a big tree/a good driver/an old city/an old sheep/a gold fish/a big spoon/sit down/
6、a good girl/last term/a big garden/a quick term/a white coat/next doorlast dinner 最后的晚餐最后的晚餐 hard ware 硬件硬件software 软件软件 first visit第一次访问第一次访问 restroom休息室休息室 landscape 风景风景 postpone 推迟推迟 postmark 邮戳邮戳 friendship友谊友谊 sandwich三明治三明治 handbag 手提包手提包 handsome英俊的英俊的 postcard 明信片明信片 old friends 老朋友老朋友Last
7、week 上周上周 last month 上个月上个月First come,first serve.先到先招待先到先招待1.He is the best person for the job.2.They ask me to go.3.Do you mind my smoking?4.How long will it take me to get there?5.Dont let me down.6.I would like a cup of tea.语音语调知识语音语调知识2句子重音句子重音 一句话里的单词并非随便重读,这一句话里的单词并非随便重读,这是大多数语言共有的一个规律,英语尤其是大
8、多数语言共有的一个规律,英语尤其如此。仅以英语中如此。仅以英语中“I like that”一句为一句为例,把重音分别放在三个单词上会产生三例,把重音分别放在三个单词上会产生三个不同的意思:如放在个不同的意思:如放在I上,强调的是上,强调的是“我我”;如果放在;如果放在“like”上,强调的是喜上,强调的是喜欢;放在欢;放在“that”上,强调的是那个;而上,强调的是那个;而把三个单词都重读,其意思就成了把三个单词都重读,其意思就成了“亏你亏你说得出口!说得出口!”一个句子中,有的词重读,有的一个句子中,有的词重读,有的词不重读:词不重读:名词,动词、形容词、副名词,动词、形容词、副词、数词、指
9、示代词一般都词、数词、指示代词一般都重读重读;冠词、介词、连词一般都冠词、介词、连词一般都不重读不重读;有少数动词和许多代词也不重读。有少数动词和许多代词也不重读。This is an English book.Benjing and Nanjing are both very big cities.The pen on the desk is mine.I went to see two doctors yesterday.句子中的单词有的重读、有的弱读、句子中的单词有的重读、有的弱读、有的音长、有的因短,构成了句子的节有的音长、有的因短,构成了句子的节奏美。奏美。请将下列句子的第一个音和第
10、四个音重读:请将下列句子的第一个音和第四个音重读:?语音语调知识3句子的语调 英语语调主要有降调、升调、平调三大类,更复杂的语调如降升调或升降调之类无非是升调和降调的某种搭配组合。不同的语调可以表示说话人不同的态度和不同的隐含意思。英语中同一句话采用不同的语调会产生不同的态度和不同的隐含意思。如:“Yes”若用降调,表示说话人对于所回答的问题十分确定;若用升调,表示对问题有疑问;若用低升调,则示意对方继续说下去。语调具有强烈的感情色彩,它使语言更富有表现力。降调:一般用于陈述句,特殊疑问句,祈降调:一般用于陈述句,特殊疑问句,祈使句,感叹句和选择疑问句使句,感叹句和选择疑问句or后的部分:后的
11、部分:I have already read that book.That street is two miles long.What has happened to him?Which direction is the post office?(注:特殊疑问句用升调表示请别人重复注:特殊疑问句用升调表示请别人重复刚说过的话。刚说过的话。)Go back to your seat.Please do not hesitate to contact me.What a small world!Do you want to ride or walk?Would you like coffee or
12、 tea?(一般疑问句用降调表示不耐烦或命令:一般疑问句用降调表示不耐烦或命令:Are you satisfied?Will you take off your hat,please?)升调:一般用于一般疑问句、称呼语、并列升调:一般用于一般疑问句、称呼语、并列句的第一个分句和至于句首的状语短语或从句的第一个分句和至于句首的状语短语或从句,陈述句用升调表示疑问、怀疑、未定、句,陈述句用升调表示疑问、怀疑、未定、猜测或期待等:猜测或期待等:Do you mind if I sit here?We study Chinese,History,Geography,and English.You re
13、ally want to do it?She might have gone?After dinner,I read a magazine.While you were writing letters,I was reading a book.Mrs.Smith,This is Tom Jones.升调也可由于委婉祈使句中:升调也可由于委婉祈使句中:Excuse me,sir.Can you help me?语音语调知识4连读 作为拼音文字,英语口语中的词与词之间会发生连读,这与汉语讲究的“字正腔圆”每个字都独立发音不同。连读一般发生在同一意群(即意思密切的一组词)中。了解、熟悉连读是我们提高
14、听力和口语的关键。连读主要有下列几种:一、辅音一、辅音+元音。元音。前一个词以辅音结尾,前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个词以元音开头时,两个音可连读。后一个词以元音开头时,两个音可连读。如:如:come out keep off brush up take it off put it off请正确朗读下列句子或词组:请正确朗读下列句子或词组:first of all Im afraid Thank you.a bunch of flowersNot at all.Good evening.Good afternoon.Im on a diet.The story sounds interesting
15、.You should keep off sugar.I came out well in that photograph.I must brush up my English.I enjoyed it very much.Please turn off the light.Mary is at lunch.Im afraid I cant come at nine.If it is nine,Ill start.I lost my bag in the office and I must go back for it.I feel as if I were twenty years youn
16、ger when I stay with young men.二、元音二、元音+元音。为使说话流畅,词元音。为使说话流畅,词末元音可以和词首元音连读,而不停末元音可以和词首元音连读,而不停顿。顿。如:如:my uncle读为读为maikl而不而不是是mai kl。请正确朗读下列词句:请正确朗读下列词句:the end the accident my uncle my ears three hours we all how often how old go on Hurry up!We agree.Im sorry about the accident.Dont worry about it!I
17、 have waited for you for three hours.We all agree with the plan.I had lunch in the inn.Ill run a company at the end of the year.Dont shout in my ear.I can hear you.I swim twice a week.三、辅音三、辅音+辅音。当两个词首尾有辅音。当两个词首尾有两个或两个以上的辅音时,为使说两个或两个以上的辅音时,为使说话流畅,可以将这些辅音连在一起话流畅,可以将这些辅音连在一起连读,而不停顿。连读,而不停顿。如:如:help yo
18、urself朗读下列词句:朗读下列词句:I live in a two-bedroom flat with my parents.Which floor do you live on?Mary is a beautiful girl.You look sad.四、连接音四、连接音r.英语中,如果单词以英语中,如果单词以r或或re结尾(如结尾(如fire,hear),),r一般不一般不发音,但当后面街有一个元音开头发音,但当后面街有一个元音开头的单词时,的单词时,r发音,读发音,读r,并于后,并于后面的元音连读。面的元音连读。如:如:for ever,hearing请正确朗读下列词句:请正确朗读
19、下列词句:answer it a pair of socks after all on your own father and son Cheer up!as far asThe beer is good!The author is my brother.Please wait for me for a moment.语音语调知识语音语调知识5辅音连缀辅音连缀 辅音连缀:英语单词中常有两个辅音连缀:英语单词中常有两个或更多的辅音连在一起,这种组合叫或更多的辅音连在一起,这种组合叫辅音连缀。如辅音连缀。如blackboard,speak,sleep,desks。读辅音连缀时要注意:第一个。读辅音
20、连缀时要注意:第一个辅音要念得轻而短,很快滑向后面的辅音要念得轻而短,很快滑向后面的辅音,不要在辅音之间夹入元音。辅音,不要在辅音之间夹入元音。flamingo plane blame slide spider clare 语音语调知识语音语调知识辅音同化辅音同化 辅音的同化就是一个辅音因为受辅音的同化就是一个辅音因为受了另一个相邻的辅音的影响而发成了了另一个相邻的辅音的影响而发成了这两个音之外的第三个音。两次相连,这两个音之外的第三个音。两次相连,第一个词的词尾辅音与第二个词的词第一个词的词尾辅音与第二个词的词首辅音同化,这是日常口语中相当普首辅音同化,这是日常口语中相当普遍的现象。遍的现象
21、。s this shop z those shops +Wont you?w+Could you?+this year?z+It was your fault.这种现象我们不一定仿效,但应该了解,这种现象我们不一定仿效,但应该了解,以便听懂别人,尤其是以英语为母语的人讲以便听懂别人,尤其是以英语为母语的人讲话。话。语音语调知识语音语调知识6句子的节奏句子的节奏读下列英语小诗,体会英语的节奏:读下列英语小诗,体会英语的节奏:Good,/better,best.Never/let it/rest.Till/good is/better,And/better best.whaleIf you eve
22、r,ever,ever meet a whale,You must never,never,never touch its tail.For if you ever touch its tail.You will never,never,never meet another whale.WeatherWhether the weather be fine.Or whether the weather be not.Whether the weather be cold.Or whether the weather be hot.Whatever the weather,Whether we l
23、ike it or not.Yellow Bird,FlyYellow bird,yellow bird,Blink your eye.Yellow bird,yellow bird,Fly,fly,flyDip your wing,Yellow bird,yellow bird,Sing,sing,sing.The owlThere was an old owl who lived in an oak.The more he heard,the less he spoke.The less he spoke,the more he heard.Why arent we like that w
24、ise old bird?英语句子中的一个重读音节与其后面的若英语句子中的一个重读音节与其后面的若干非重读音节组成一个节奏组干非重读音节组成一个节奏组,即一拍。一,即一拍。一句话中可以有多个节奏组。句话中可以有多个节奏组。读英语句子从一个重读音节到下一个重读英语句子从一个重读音节到下一个重读音节所用的时间大致相等读音节所用的时间大致相等,因此若两个重,因此若两个重读音节间所包含的非重读音节少,则重读音读音节间所包含的非重读音节少,则重读音节的元音就读的比较慢,若包含的非重读音节的元音就读的比较慢,若包含的非重读音节多,则重读音节的元音读得会相对短些,节多,则重读音节的元音读得会相对短些,同时非
25、重读音节读得更快。我们前面所讲到同时非重读音节读得更快。我们前面所讲到的连读、弱读、同化就是为提高语速,使语的连读、弱读、同化就是为提高语速,使语言更加流畅服务的。言更加流畅服务的。例例1:Jack,/Mark,/Joan Jack and/Mark and/Joan.Jack and then/Mark and then/Joan.三个短语的重读音节都是三个,所用时间也大致相等,而听起来一句比一句快,因为非重读音节越多读得越快。重读音节的元音也会相对加快。例(例(2):):I/went into the/room and/saw/Joan.句首非重读词句首非重读词I读得比较快,相当于读得比较
26、快,相当于空拍。空拍。“saw”和和“Joan”分别为两个不分别为两个不包含非重读音节的节奏组,读得相对比包含非重读音节的节奏组,读得相对比较慢。较慢。“went into the”“与与room and”为为两个包含非重读音节的节奏组,读的较两个包含非重读音节的节奏组,读的较快,并有连读和弱读。快,并有连读和弱读。许多学生觉得外国人语速比较快,许多学生觉得外国人语速比较快,听不懂。了解英语节奏的特点就知道听不懂。了解英语节奏的特点就知道听听力是要学会听听力是要学会抓住关键词抓住关键词,也就是,也就是重读的词,它们基本体现了句子的意重读的词,它们基本体现了句子的意思;我们在读句子时也要注意应用
27、连思;我们在读句子时也要注意应用连读、弱读,不要把非重读词读得和重读、弱读,不要把非重读词读得和重读词一样重,破坏了节奏,外国人也读词一样重,破坏了节奏,外国人也会听不懂。会听不懂。句子的重音1.This is a beautiful dress.2.She is a driver.3.We often go to work at 8 oclock.4.Somebody will come to help us.5.I made the model plane myself.6.I like the first shirt.7.On his way he met an old friend.8
28、.The book is on the table.9.He lives beside the lake.10.What did you do it for?11.My mother works in a nursery which lies in the West District.12.The house opposite ours is Mr Greens.13.Did you graduate from the university?Yes,I did.14.He is always losing things,which makes his wife very angry.词的重音词
29、的重音:1.单音节词重读,不标重音符号单音节词重读,不标重音符号2.双音节词一般重读第一个音节双音节词一般重读第一个音节matter carry happy clever daily3.多音节词一般重读倒数第三个音节。多音节词一般重读倒数第三个音节。而次重音多数在第一个或第二个音节上而次重音多数在第一个或第二个音节上 satisfy magnificent immediately intelligent continuous4.复合词的重音通常在第一音节。复合词的重音通常在第一音节。headache day-dream baby-sit 总之,记住如下的歌诀可助您总之,记住如下的歌诀可助您掌握
30、好英语的节奏掌握好英语的节奏:重读音节重而慢,非重读音节快而弱,轻重相间成节奏。语音语调知识语音语调知识7意群和停顿意群和停顿 一个句子可以按照意思和结构分一个句子可以按照意思和结构分为若干小段,每段成为一个意群。再为若干小段,每段成为一个意群。再说话和朗读时,各意群之间可以有一说话和朗读时,各意群之间可以有一定的停顿。而在同一意群中,各词之定的停顿。而在同一意群中,各词之间不能停顿,要一口气说完,使意思间不能停顿,要一口气说完,使意思不受影响不受影响。如:如:1.Millions of other stars/are bigger and brighter/than the sun.2.On
31、e of our teachers/is going to speak/at the meeting.朗读下列句子,注意意群和停顿朗读下列句子,注意意群和停顿She was in a hurry because she was late.She lit a candle and then took the lid off the box and laid it on the table.She took out the cake but failed to see the pin and pricked herself.The pain made her cry.语音语调知识语音语调知识8快速
32、口语中的省音快速口语中的省音 快速口语中为了说话省力,提高速快速口语中为了说话省力,提高速度,在一些单词内部和意义紧密相联的度,在一些单词内部和意义紧密相联的前后两个词之间会省略一些因素。对于前后两个词之间会省略一些因素。对于快速口语中的省音,了解即可,它助于快速口语中的省音,了解即可,它助于我们提高听力水平。我们提高听力水平。1.元音的省略元音的省略 主要是弱元音主要是弱元音/的省略,有时非重读音的省略,有时非重读音节中的节中的/也会省略。也会省略。如:如:suffering There is so much suffering in the world.difficult Its a di
33、fficult question.easily Now people can reach the village easily by train.believe I dont believe you.2.辅音的省略:辅音的省略:a.单词内部:单词内部:/t/在辅音连缀的中间时常在辅音连缀的中间时常被省略:被省略:mostly exactlyb.词界上辅音的省略:词界上辅音的省略:前一个词以辅音前一个词以辅音+/t/+/t/或或/d/d/结尾,而结尾,而后一个词以辅音开头时后一个词以辅音开头时/t/或或/d/常被省常被省略:略:first class just so the next day读音
34、规则读音规则1.1.规则动词规则动词+ed+ed的读音规则的读音规则a.在清辅音后面读在清辅音后面读/t/work askb.在浊辅音后读在浊辅音后读/d/listen lovec.在在/t/音后面读音后面读/id/visit wantd.在在/d/后面读后面读/id/need decide读音规则读音规则2.2.动词动词+s+s和和eses的读音规则的读音规则=名词复数名词复数形式的读音形式的读音a.在清辅音后面读在清辅音后面读/s/work askb.在浊辅音及元音后读在浊辅音及元音后读/z/listen lovec.在在/t/音后面读音后面读/ts/visit wantd.在在/d/后面
35、读后面读/dz/need decidee.在在s,ss,ch,sh,x后读后读/iz/wash discuss teach三、三、英式英语和美式英语英式英语和美式英语的主要区别的主要区别l(一)读音的区别:(一)读音的区别:1./r/儿化音是最大区别:儿化音是最大区别:2.元音的差别:元音的差别:/X/V/ju:/u:/a:/Q/3.字母读音的不同:字母读音的不同:R和和 Z三、英式英语和美式英语的主要区别三、英式英语和美式英语的主要区别l(二)语调的区别:(二)语调的区别:美音起伏小美音起伏小 英音起伏大英音起伏大三、英式英语和美式英语的主要区别三、英式英语和美式英语的主要区别l(三)词汇的
36、区别:(三)词汇的区别:(三)词汇不同(三)词汇不同英英美美ground floor,first floorfirst floor,second floorrubbereraserliftelevatorautumnfallfilmmoviestafffacultypostmailtoiletrestroomfortnighttwo weeksholidayvacationcentredown townrubbishtrash/gabbageflatapartmentsweetscandy四、口语表达的误区四、口语表达的误区l1.越快越好越快越好假流利假流利l2.词尾勿加音词尾勿加音 cat
37、could cook speak readl3.几组容易读错的音几组容易读错的音 /v/与与/w/与与/l/在单词末尾在单词末尾 辅音辅音、的感受与练习的感受与练习舌尖轻抵上齿背或放在上下齿间,让舌尖轻抵上齿背或放在上下齿间,让气流从舌齿间的缝隙中挤出时摩擦成音。气流从舌齿间的缝隙中挤出时摩擦成音。是清辅音,发音时声带不振动;是清辅音,发音时声带不振动;是浊辅音,发音时声带振动。是浊辅音,发音时声带振动。朗读下列单词,注意朗读下列单词,注意th的读音:的读音:thought think thumb thirsty three throat health breath death fifth t
38、eeth north monththan this those the these though father brother other leather then with clothe breathe语音对比语音对比 s sing thin sir third sort thought sank thank sin thin语音对比:语音对比:z close clothebreeze breathezebra that朗读下列句子:朗读下列句子:Both of them felt bothered.His father took a deep breath.The leather is t
39、hin.Hes thinking about that.His mother goes together with his father.Both of them go to the north monthly.There is a path in front of the theater.音标音标、的比较与练习的比较与练习 feel/fill peak/pick sheep/ship seat/sit lead/lid heat/hit beat/bit read/rid 的感受与练习的感受与练习 He is a bad guy.He is a black sheep.in the fami
40、lya glad hand driving like madgo to gambledogs and catstraffic accidentsJack is very glad that you are back.音标音标、的比较与练习的比较与练习red/rat bed/badset/sat get/gap net/napa red flag/the bag on the bed/the lamp on the desk/met a fat catThe red rat is getting mad.She sat on the bed and felt very sad.Jenny wan
41、ts to marry a fat cat.Sad things are hard to forget.音标音标ei、i的比较与练习的比较与练习cake/kick wage/wigfake/fickle(易变的易变的)lake/lick(舔舔)1.Take it easy and live long are brothers.心宽寿长心宽寿长2.A place for everything,and everything in its place.各居其位,各司其职各居其位,各司其职音标音标ei、i的比较与练习的比较与练习I will give you a cake.It is rainy se
42、ason now.The coat fits.Ill take it.Do you like baked chicken?Dont take a candy from a baby.不要贪得无厌。不要贪得无厌。ai e 的比较与练习的比较与练习light let latterbride bread bradmight met matpine pen pansight set sat音标音标、的比较与练习的比较与练习duck/dark,must/mask,hut/hard,just/lasthurry to the farmutterly in the darka hard nut to cra
43、ckducks and larks(云雀云雀)pass the truckthe last bus音标音标v、w的比较与练习的比较与练习very,well,voice,where,live,variety,invite,vividview,native,wheel,worlda variety of livesthe native flowers of ChinaThey are very worried.Never waste your time!The nurse visits the wards four times a day.whaleIf you ever,ever,ever me
44、et a whale,You must never,never,never touch its tail.For if you ever touch its tail.You will never,never,never meet another whale.WeatherWhether the weather be fine.Or whether the weather be not.Whether the weather be cold.Or whether the weather be hot.Whatever the weather,Whether we like it or not.
45、五、语音、语调模仿技巧五、语音、语调模仿技巧(一)口语突破关键:模仿(一)口语突破关键:模仿+复述复述 衡量口语水平四大要点衡量口语水平四大要点 1.语音、语调是否正确,口齿是否清楚;2.流利程度;3.语法是否正确,用词是否恰当,是否符合英语表达习惯;4.内容是否充实,逻辑是否清楚。五、语音、语调模仿技巧五、语音、语调模仿技巧lCopy the expertslListen to yourselflSlow downlFind a language buddylPicture itlGet physicallWatch yourselflBe poeticlSing a songlPracti
46、ce makes perfect六、如何培养学生的语音语调六、如何培养学生的语音语调(一)充分重视、坚持始终(二)充分利用好录音磁带 1.录音作业 2.课上用录音 3.课下坚持听音 4.趣配音多听多看多模仿多听多看多模仿音准慢说再流畅音准慢说再流畅 A private conversationLast week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind
47、 me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They did not pay any attention.In the end,I could not bear it.I turned round again.I cant hear a word!I said angrily.Its none of your business,the young man said rudely.This is a private conversation!.