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1、.jz*Section Grammar 一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进展时一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进展时在高考约占6分，考察形式主要有单项选择、语篇填空和改错，主要考察这三种时态中的谓语动词形式和时间状语。一、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某一个时刻或某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与yesterday，last week，in 1949，a few days ago等表示过去时间的时间状语连用。A terrible earthquake hit Wenchuan County，Sichuan Province.一场震袭击了省的汶川县。幻灯片 4 注意：一般过去时的时间状语可以是for时
2、间段，表示在过去某一段时间做了某事，此时间段截止到过去某个时间为止，而不是持续到现在。The rain lasted for three days.大雨下了三天。Dr Zhang studied puter Engineering in America for five years.博士在美国学了五年计算机工程。幻灯片 5 2表示过去的习惯动作，常与often，usually，seldom等频度副词连用。When I was a primary school student，my teacher always praised me.我上小学的时候，教师经常表扬我。3在时间、条件、让步、方式等状
3、语从句中，用一般过去时表过去将来。The patient would be in danger，unless she was sent to hospital at once.如果不立刻把病人送到医院，她会有生命危险。幻灯片 6 4since引导的时间状语从句一般用过去时。You have changed a lot since we last met.自从上次我们见面以来，你变化很大。注意：(1)表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时，这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the
4、 captain，and then died.那男孩把眼睛开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。幻灯片 7(2)有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。I didn t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.)幻灯片 8.jz*(3)有些动词如want，wonder，think，intend 和情态动词如could，would 等用一般过去时表示委婉的语气
5、。I wondered if you could help me.您能不能帮我个忙？Could you lend me your bike 你的自行车能借给我用一下吗？幻灯片 9 二、过去进展时1过去进展时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进展或持续进展的动作。We were having a class meeting from 7 to 9 last night.昨天晚上7 点到 9 点我们正在开班会。2与 always，constantly，continually 等连用，具有浓厚的褒贬色彩。My grandpa was always telling that old story.(厌倦
6、)我爷爷总是讲那个老故事。幻灯片 10 3go，e，start，stay，leave等动词的过去进展时可以表示过去将要发生的动作。She asked me if/whether I was starting the next day.她问我是否第二天动身。4过去进展时描述一件事发生的背景；即一个动作延续时另一个短暂性动作同时发生。I was watching TV when the bell rang.我正在看电视突然铃响了。幻灯片 11 5过去进展时表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时进展。The students were reading while the teacher was chec
7、king their homework.教师在批改作业的时候，学生们在读书。幻灯片 12 三、一般过去时和过去进展时的区别一般过去时强调某个动作在过去某个时间段或时间点上发生过；而过去进展时强调某个动作在过去某个时间段上一直持续，有时带有感情色彩。She did housework this morning.今天早上她做了家务。(家务活已做完)She was doing housework this morning.今天早上她一直在做家务。(家务活未做完)幻灯片 13 四、过去完成时1表示在过去某个动作或某个具体的时间之前已经发生、完成的动作或存在的状态，即表示“过去的过去。He had le
8、arned English for a few years before he went to the United States.去美国之前，他已学习几年英语了。2主语过去完成时by过去时间/一般过去时的从句。They had lived here for nearly twenty years by the time they left for Beijing.到他们离开去时，他们已经在这儿住了近二十年了。幻灯片 14.jz*3主语过去完成时when 从句(从句用一般过去时)。When he came back，I had studied for two hours.当他回来时，我已学习两
9、个小时了。4在 said，asked，thought，knew 等动词过去式后面的宾语从句中，用过去完成时表示某些动作在这些动作之前已发生。He asked me whether I had seen the film before.他问我以前是否看过这部电影。幻灯片 15 5过去完成时用在“no sooner.than和“hardly.when 等句型的主句中；而从句用一般过去时。no sooner，hardly 放在句首时用倒装。Hardly had we reached home from school when it began to rain.我们刚放学回到家就下起了雨。6有些动词如
10、hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本打算做而未做的事。We had hoped that you would e，but you didn t.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有。幻灯片 16 7It was时间 since 主语过去完成时。It was two years since I had swum in this river.我已有两年没在这条小河里游泳了。8It was the first(second.)time that主语过去完成时。It was the first time that I had hear
11、d her sing.这是我第一次听她唱歌。注意：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态；过去完成时表示过去的过去。幻灯片 17 幻灯片 18.用所给动词或短语的适当形式填空1All he _(consider)then was how he would deal with the big sum of money his father gave him.答案：was considering 2 Have you graduated from Zhejiang University Yes.I _(stay)in Hangzhou for four years before graduati
12、on.答案：had stayed 幻灯片 19 3.The news came as no surprise to me.I _ _(know)for some time that the primary school was closed down.答案：had known 4I _(intend)to attend the party on time，but I couldn t get up early.答案：had intended.jz*5Sorry，I _(not mean)to hurt you.Forgive me this time.答案：didnt mean 幻灯片 20
13、6Tom told the audience that this was the second time that he _(win)the gold medal in the Olympic Games.答案：had won 7Mrs Jackson _ hardly _(begin)to speak when there was a shout from the back of the hall.答案：had；begun 8 Peter _(write)his graduation paper this morning when I visited him but I don t know
14、 if he _ _(finish)it.答案：was writing；has finished 幻灯片 21.单项填空1He_a glass while he_the table yesterday.Ahas broken；was cleaning up Bwas breaking；cleaned up Chad broken；was cleaning up Dbroke；was cleaning up 解析：句意为：他昨天收拾桌子时打破了一个杯子。一个动作在进展，另一个动作突然发生，选 D。答案：D 幻灯片 22 2 What were you doing when she dropped
15、 in I_for a while and_some reading.Awas playing；was going to do Bplayed；did Chad played；was going to do Dhad played；did 解析：此题的时态考察具有一定的迷惑性。“she dropped in发生于“play与“do some reading之间，故play 用过去完成时，而do some reading用过去将来时。答案：C 幻灯片 23 3 Where have you been recently I_in Hangzhou on business for a week la
16、st month.Ahave been Bhad gone Chad been Dwas 解析：考察时态。句意为：近来你去哪里了？我上个月去出差了。由答句中的last month 可知应选 D。此题易误选A，原因是受上面问句中的recently 影响。答案：D 幻灯片 24 4 Tom，can you answer my question Er，Im very sorry，Miss Evens.I _ about something else.Ahave thought Bwas thinking.jz*Cwill think Dhad thought 解析：考察时态。根据句意和语境可知，当M
17、iss Evens 问问题的时候，Tom 正在思考别的问题，所以用过去进展时，表示过去某个时间正在做某事。答案：B 幻灯片 25 5 Did you see a man in black pass by just now No，sir，I _ a newspaper.Aread Bwas reading Cwould read D am reading 解析：此题考察真实语境中推断时态。根据句意“刚刚你看到一个穿黑衣服的男人过去了吗？没有看到，我当时正在读报纸。可知B 项为正确选项。答案：B 幻灯片 26 6 How are the team playing They are playing
18、well，but one of them_hurt.Agot Bgets Care D were 解析：由题中所设语境可知，一名队员受伤应是过去的动作，应选A。答案：A 幻灯片 27 7She _ to the office than she got down to writing the report.Ahas no sooner got Bhad hardly got Cno sooner got Dhad no sooner got 解析：考察动词时态。no sooner.than.为固定搭配，且no sooner 局部要用过去完成时，应选 D。答案：D 幻灯片 28 8The vege
19、tables didn t taste very good.They_too long.Ahad been cooked Bwere cooked Chad cooked Dcooked 解析：考察动词时态。由题意可知cook 这个动作发生在taste之前，为过去的过去，且为被动，应选A。答案：A 幻灯片 29 9 Where do you think_he_the puter Sorry.I have no idea.Ahas；bought B/；bought Cdid；buy Dhad；bought 解析：考察动词时态。由题意“你认为他在哪里买的计算机可以看出buy 在过去发生，为一般过去
20、时且句子语序应该为述语序，应选B。答案：B 幻灯片 30 10 Alice came back home the day before yesterday.jz*Really Where_？Ahas she been Bhas she gone Chad she been D had she gone 解析：考察动词时态。根据题意可知“她到哪里去应在“回家之前为过去的过去，应用过去完成时，应选C。答案：C 幻灯片 31 11 Could I use your puter for a while，Kate Sorry，it got a virus when I_download a flash.
21、Atry to Bam trying to Chad tried to D was trying to 解析：时态考察题。根据信息提示词“got，可知应用过去的时态，据答句句意“我在下载 flash 时染上病毒可知，空处用过去进展时。答案：D 幻灯片 32 12 The robber had escaped and was nowhere to be found when the police_.Aarrive Barrived Ghave arrived D had arrived 解析：考察动词时态。句意为：警察来到时，那个抢劫犯已经逃跑了且无处寻找。本句说的是过去的事情，排除A、C 两项
22、；D 项表示“过去的过去，不符合语境。答案：B 幻灯片 33 13 They became friends again that day.Until then，they _to each other for nearly two years.Adidnt speak B hadnt spoken Chavent spoken Dhavent been speaking 解析：根据语境可知“他们彼此将近两年没有说话，是发生在过去的动作“became 之前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。答案：B 幻灯片 34 14 Ouch！You hurt me!I am sorry.But I_any ha
23、rm.I_to drive a rat out.Adidnt mean；tried Bdont mean；am trying Chavent meant；tried D didnt mean；was trying 解析：考察时态。didnt mean 没打算，was trying to do 强调过去那时正在做什么，故用过去进展时。答案：D 幻灯片 35 15.He _ football regularly for many years when he was young.Awas playing Bplayed Chas played Dhad played 解析：句意为：年轻时，他经常踢足
24、球，踢了很多年。regularly经常地；过去常常，可与过去时、would动词原形或used to do sth.连用。答案：B.jz*幻灯片 36 16 Edward，you play so well.But I_you played the piano.Adidnt know B hadnt known Cdont know D havent known 解析：句意为：Edward，你弹得真好。但是我以前不知道你会弹钢琴。根据句意知是以前不知道，现在听他弹了并作了评价应该是现在知道了，故用一般过去时态。答案：A 幻灯片 37 17 Ive got to go now.Must you？I_
25、you could stay for dinner with us.Athink Bthought Chave thought D am thinking 解析：句意为：我必须得走了。必须走吗？我原以为你会留下来和我们共进晚餐呢。由句意知，我原来认为你会，时间发生在过去，故用一般过去时态。答案：B 幻灯片 38 18 She stared at the painting，wondering where she _it.Asaw B has seen Csees Dhad seen 解析：句意为：她盯着那幅画看，想着之前在什么地方见过这幅画。“曾经见过这一动作发生在过去动作stare at之前，
26、故用过去完成时。答案：D 幻灯片 39 19 Did you watch the basketball match yesterday Yes，I did.You know，my brother_in the match.Ais playing B was playing Chas played Dhad played 解析：句意为：“你看昨天那场篮球赛了吗？“是的，看了。你知道的，我弟弟也参加了比赛。比赛中“我弟弟在打篮球是过去某时正在进展的动作，故用过去进展时。答案：B 幻灯片 40 20 I called Hannah many times yesterday evening，but I couldn t get through.Her brother_on the phone all the time!Awas talking Bhas been talking Chas talked Dtalked 解析：句意为：我昨晚屡次给汉娜打，但就是打不通。她哥哥一直占用着。由句中的all the time 可以看出，句子强调的是talk 这个动作在昨晚一直不断地进展，故用过去进展时。动作并不是一直进展到现在，所以不选B 项。答案：A