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1、 必修必修 5 5Unit 1 Great scientistsUsing languagePast ParticipleReviewReviewA broken heartpolluted wateran injured personcrowded peoplebusesFeelingShout out your feelingsclubpleased/delightedexcitedterrified/frightenedpuzzledsurprised astonished satisfied worried-disappointed discouraged神舟神舟10号号 神舟神舟10
2、号号 神舟神舟10号飞行员号飞行员 Pre-listeningWhat job do they do?They are astronauts.What personality is needed?patientpersonalitypositivestrictperseverantconfidentpleasantunselfishenergetic co-operativeintelligentbravecreativedeterminedpolitepassionatecarefulhard-workingCan they make such great achievements just
3、 on their own?There are a lot of great scientists behind them.One of the best-known is Qian Xuesen.It was Qian Xuesen who sent the first Chinese rocket up into space.Father of the Chinese space programmeListening1.What do you know about Qian Xuesen?Before you listen to the tape,look at the picture a
4、nd the exercises and predict the content of the listening.rocketsatelliteastronomyastronomerastronautspace programmespace industryspace institutespace flightspace shipKEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONSastronomer Marsinstitute I have no idea.astronaut admire Right you are!天文学家天文学家火星火星学会学会;协会协会;研究院研究院=I dont k
5、now.宇航员宇航员欣赏欣赏;钦佩钦佩Answer key for Exercise 2:Main Idea:It is about the role of Qian Xuesen in the development of space technology in China.2.Listen to Parts 1 and 2 of the tape for the first time and write down the main idea.1.What did Qian Xuesen study first?2.What experience did he get in America
6、that was very useful for China?3.What was Qian Xuesens main achievement when he returned to China?3 QuestionsHe first studied at university to be an engineer.Work on rocketHe began his institute in China to designand build rockets to go into space.4 Fill in the chart.Chinas achievements in spaceStev
7、e Smiths ambitions1.Chinese astronauts in space2.Chinese satellites in space1.become a rocket scientist2.be the first to land on mars and put Qian Xuesens picture there A GREAT CHINESE SCIENTIST Father of the Chinese space programme Yu Ping is talking to her friend Steve Smith about Qian Xuesen and
8、his work as a rocket scientist.Part 1Listening textYP:What do you want to be when you grow up,Steve?SS:I want to be an astronomer and visit stars.I wish to visit Mars one day.YP:I think Id like to work in the space industry too.Id like to be a rocket scientist like Qian Xuesen.SS:What did he have to
9、 do to become a rocket scientist?YP:Well,he first studied at university to be an engineer.Later he went to America to study for his doctors degree.It was then he began to work on rockets there.SS:So it was lucky for our space programme that he came back to China.YP:Very much so.There was no work on
10、space rockets in China before he began his institute to design and build rockets to go into space.Part 2SS:Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of his rockets?YP:I have no idea but I believe he looked forward to the first space flight by a Chinese astronaut.SS:Yes.Now that China has se
11、nt satellites into space.I hope well be the first to land on Mars.That would really be something special and if I were that astronaut I would put Qian Xuesens picture on Mars to show how much we admire his work.YP:Indeed.He is rightfully called the father of the Chinese space programme.He is my hero
12、 and he is why I want to be a rocket scientist.SS:Well,wed better get on with our homework.We need good grades to get into university.YP:Right you are.See you,then.SS:See you.5.SpeakingIn groups discuss a scientific job you might choose in the future.These questions may help you:What kind of scienti
13、fic job do you want to do?What personality will be needed?What work experience would be useful?Why are you so interested in this job?What education will you need?How long will the training take?How will you prepare for this career?Theses expressions may help you:I always wanted tobecauseThe experien
14、ce I will need is I need to practise I think Im good at so I will need some training in I might find it difficult to My greatest problem will be to I will need to be/becomepatient,creative,hard-working,co-operative,confident,brave,positive,pleasant,polite,determined,energetic,strict with,MIKE:What d
15、o you want to do when you grow up?LI RU:I want to build robots.I will have to do a physics and mathematics degree in China.Sample conversation:After that I hope to go abroad to Reading University in England where you can study all about robots.There is a special cybernetics(控制论控制论)department there.M
16、IKE:What personality will be needed for that job?LI RU:They have a lot of uses:for example,in making cars on a production line or doing other repetitive jobs.MIKE:What personality will be needed for that job?LI RU:I think I need to be patient.For my ideas will take a long time to develop.I also need
17、 to be creative enough to have good ideas.MIKE:What experience will be most useful to you?LI RU:I think technology and engineering projects.I hope to work in a factory in my holidays.MIKE:What kind of person makes a good inventor?LI RU:I think someone who is happy to persevere at something and learn
18、s from his mistakes.MIKE:Thank you.I think designing robots sounds fun.Reading and Writing Nicolaus Copernicus born:in Poland in 1473 died:May 24,1543 He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information.He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the
19、earth and other planets went around it.Nine Planets in the Solar System Mercury MarsVenusEarthJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoor？Copernicus Showing Copernicus theory A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centre Before Co
20、pernicus theory Birth:February 19,1473 Death:May 24,1543 Place of Birth:Toru,Poland Career:1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Krakw Academy 1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna Brief Introduction of Copernicus1514 Wrote Commentariolus,an outline of his astronomica
21、l ideas,but did not circulate it widely 1543 Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium(On the Revolutions of the Celestial)Mind map of the textParagraph 1:the background of Copernicus studyParagraph 2:the cause of Copernicus studyParagraph 3:the procedure of Copernicus studyParagraph 4:the resul
22、t of Copernicus studyParagraph 5:Copernicus theory replaced the Christian idea and proved correct.1.At Copernicus time,Christian Church was in charge of many western countries.2.Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth,some planets appear in front of or behind the earth.3.Copernicus didnt sho
23、w his new theory to his friends until he completed it.TFTTrue or False?4.His friends were not interested in his ideas.5.Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church,Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it.6.Newton,Einstein,and Hawking are all scientists who made
24、 contribution to the study of the universe.FFTCareful readingRead the text carefully,then answer these questions.Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.2.What was his theory about?(Para 1)All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclu
25、sion:that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.1.Why would he not tell about his theory?(Para 1)3.What had the astronomers noticed in the sky?(Para 2)They had noticed that some planets in the sky s
26、eemed to stop,move backward and then go forward in a loop.Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.4.When did Copernicus complete his theory?(Para 3)Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it,gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.5.How did he explain changes in t
27、he movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars?When did he publish his idea?(Para 4)He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round it a
28、nd this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.He published it as he lay dying in 1543.6.Why do people think that there is a direct link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton,Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking?Because his theory is now the base on
29、 which all our ideas of the universe are built.His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the Universe.He showed this was obviously wrong.Summary Copernicus was _ because he found theearth was not the centre of the
30、 solar _,only if you put the sun there did the _ of the other planets in the sky _.He kept improving his new theory until he felt it was _ in 1514.He suggested that the earth was _ as it went round the sun.confused systemmovementsmake pletedspinningHis friends were _ and encouraged him to publish hi
31、s ideas,but Copernicus was _ he didnt want to be_ by Christian Church.In fact,he was right.The Church _ his theory,saying it was against Gods idea.enthusiasticcautiousattackedrejectedBruno was born five years after Copernicusdied.He stuck to the Sun-centered Theory,which was against the Churchs will
32、.In 1600,he was burnt to death.1.Although he had tried to ignore them,all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion:that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出同样一个结论：他所有的数学计算都得出同样一个结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。地球不是太阳系的中心。Language Points lead
33、to 引起引起;造成造成;导致导致This will probably lead to trouble in the future.This led to his conclusion that she was guilty.Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.All roads lead to Rome.条条大道通罗马。条条大道通罗马。The discovery of new evidence led to _.A.the thief having caught B.catch the thief C.the thi
34、ef being caught D.the thief to be caughtClead to+ndoing2.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。“only+副词副词/介词短语介词短语/状语从句状语从句”位于句首位于句首,句子要倒装。句子要倒装。=The movements of the other planets in t
35、he sky make sense only if you put the sun there.Only if your identity has been checked,_.A.you are allowed in B.you will be allowed in C.will you allow in D.will you be allowed inDOnly then did I realize the importance of knowledge.Only in this way can we work out themaths problem.Only when _ the tr
36、uth,_ to realize that she was wrong.A.did Mary hear;did she begin B.Mary hear;she began C.did Mary hear;she began D.Mary heard;did she beginDonly if 只有只有;只要只要The company will succeed only if it have sufficient backing.If only he comes early.如果如果就好了就好了Only if the teacher gives a permission can I ente
37、r the lab.make sense 有意义有意义,有道理有道理,说得通说得通1)What you say makes no sense.2)It would make sense to leave early.3)Can you make sense of this poem?你说的话没有道理。你说的话没有道理。还是早点走好。还是早点走好。(明智的明智的,合理的合理的)你看得懂这首诗吗？你看得懂这首诗吗？(理解或弄懂理解或弄懂)1)表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测，或表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测，或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成，通常本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成，通常用来说明某一情况，但不
38、象用来说明某一情况，但不象should或或ought to 那样含有责备之意。如：那样含有责备之意。如：would have done3.Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.I guess the poet would have been about 20 when she wrote the poem.Another worker wouldnt have a
39、cted like that.2)相关知识总结：相关知识总结：neednt have+过去分词，表示做了不必过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，译为做的事，译为“其实没必要其实没必要”should have+过去分词过去分词,表示应该做某事表示应该做某事但实际上未做但实际上未做,译为译为“本应该本应该”should not have+过去分词过去分词,表示本不应该表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了做某事但实际上做了,译为译为“本不应该本不应该”4.work on 1)从事从事She is working on a new novel.(=She is writing a new novel.)2)继续工
40、作继续工作Theyll work on till sunset.他们将继续工作，直到日落。他们将继续工作，直到日落。3)致力于致力于He has been working on a new novel for over a year now.近一年多来，他一直在写一部新小说。近一年多来，他一直在写一部新小说。6.enthusiastic:having or demonstrating enthusiasm adj.热心的，满腔热情的热心的，满腔热情的enthusiastic support 热情的支持热情的支持 be enthusiastic about 对某事充满热情对某事充满热情plete
41、 vt.&adj.完成；完整的，完成的完成；完整的，完成的 The workers havent completed the house yet.(vt.)When will the work be complete?(adj.)7.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星而行星则围绕着太阳转则围绕
42、着太阳转,只有月球仍然绕着地球转。只有月球仍然绕着地球转。with the planets going round it是是with+宾语宾语+宾语补足语的结构宾语补足语的结构,在句中作状语。这一在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语结构在句中常作定语或状语,作宾补的可以作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：动词不定式等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：(1)With+n./pron.+介词短语介词短语 He sat there with a smile on his face.(2)With+n./pron.+副
43、词副词 With Mr.Smith away,weve got more room.(3)With+n./pron.+不定式不定式 With so much work to do,he could not go home.(4)With+n./pron.+现在分词现在分词 The street was quiet with no buses running.(5)With+n./pron.+过去分词过去分词 In came a man with his hands tied back.(6)With+n./pron.+形容词形容词 He wore a shirt,with the neck o
44、pen,showing his bare chest.If you were Nicolaus Copernicus,would you have hidden your theory for so many years?As a scientist,one should be brave.But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church.So he had hidden his theory for so many years.What do you think of this?Agree:1.He was
45、 cautious.If he had published his ideas,he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burned to death because his theory was against the Christian Church.2.Every time when a new idea appears,there are always rejections.Its normal.Scientists should have patience to spread their truth.3.It made no s
46、ense for him to publish his theory in a hurry.He was just cautious not a coward.He should protect himself first.Disagree:1.Copernicus was very coward.He should speak out his discovery and let the world know the truth earlier.2.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs
47、.3.As a scientist,you must have the courage to publish your findings.No matter how people oppose them,time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.Write a short letter asking Copernicusto publish his ideas so everyone can read them.Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,Beginning:Tell Copernicus who you are an
48、d why you want him to publish his ideas.Paragraph 1:Reason 1 and evidenceParagraph 2:Reason 2 and evidenceSumming up:Ask him to think again about publishing his ideasOne possible version:Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory abo
49、ut the solar system.I hope you will publish it for several reasons.I understand the problems with the present theory.The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the center of the universe.It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change.So I agree with you
50、that we need a new theory.Yours sincerely,Lin QiI know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years.Now you must have the courage to publish them.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs.I know you worry about what will happen if you publish