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1、 必修必修 5 5Unit 1 Great scientistsReadingRead the explanation and speak out the word it explains.vt.打败打败;战胜战胜;使受挫使受挫n.失败失败defeatto win a victory over someone in a fight,war or competition;to cause someone or sth.to fail when someone loses against someone else in a fight or competition,or when someone
2、or sth.is made to fail to take care of sb./sth.;to be present at an event n.专家专家;行家行家vt.照顾照顾;护理护理;出席出席;参加参加attenda person with a high level of knowledge or skill;a specialist expertn.医生医生;内科医生内科医生a medical doctor,esp.one who has general skill and is not a surgeonphysicianhaving or showing a lot of k
3、nowledge or skill adj.熟练的熟练的;经验或知识丰富的经验或知识丰富的to make someone with an illness healthy again vt.暴露暴露;揭露揭露;使曝光使曝光n.治愈治愈;痊愈痊愈exposecureto remove what is covering sth.so that it can be seen;to make public sth.bad or dishonest vt.治愈治愈;治疗治疗sth.that makes someone with an illness healthy again(the situation
4、of being faced with)sth.needing great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and which therefore tests a persons ability n.挑战挑战n.受害者受害者victimchallengevt.向向挑战挑战to invite someone to compete or take part,esp.in a game or argument someone or sth.which has been hurt,damaged or killed
5、or has suffered,either because of the actions of someone or sth.else,or because of illness or chance vt.认为认为;怀疑怀疑suspectn.被怀疑者被怀疑者;嫌疑犯嫌疑犯absorbvt.吸收吸收;吸引吸引;使专心使专心to take sth.in,esp.gradually;If someones work,or a book,film,etc.absorbs them,or they are absorbed in it,their attention is given complete
6、ly to it to think or believe sth.to be true or probable;to not trust;to doubt a person believed to have committed a crime or done sth.wrong,or sth.believed to have caused sth.bad the area of a town that surrounds someones home,or the people who live in this area adj.严重的严重的;剧烈的剧烈的;严厉的严厉的severeneighbo
7、urhood n.附近附近;邻近邻近n.询问询问enquiry(the process of asking)a question extremely serious;punishing sb.in an extreme way when they break a particular set of rules;not kind or sympathetic and showing disapproval of sb./sth.a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid,air or gas to move from one place
8、to anothern.泵泵;抽水机抽水机pump foreseevt.预见预见;预知预知vt.(用泵用泵)抽抽(水水)to force liquid or gas to move somewhere to know about sth.before it happens to say or think that someone or sth.did sth.wrong or is responsible for sth.bad happening vt.责备责备;谴责谴责blamewhen people say or think that someone or sth.did sth.wro
9、ng or is responsible for sth.bad happening to make an area or substance,usually air,water or earth,dirty or harmful to people,animals and plants,esp.by adding harmful chemicals vt.污染污染;弄脏弄脏 polluteblamen.柄柄;把手把手n.过失过失;责备责备a part of an object designed for holding,moving or carrying the object easily
10、handlea connection between two people,things or ideas to make a connection between two or more people,things or ideas vt.连接连接;联系联系vt.宣布宣布;通告通告announceinstructlinkvt.命令命令;指示指示;教导教导n.连接连接;联系联系to deal with,have responsibility for,or be in charge of;to operate or control sth.which could be difficult or
11、dangerous handlevt.处理处理;操纵操纵to state or make known,esp.publicly to order or tell someone to do sth.,esp.in a formal way;to teach someone how to do sth.expose to link to 将将和和联系联系或连接起来或连接起来由由组成组成使显露使显露;暴露暴露Matchdraw a conclusionthink of a methodcollect resultsmake a questionfind a problemanalyse the r
12、esultsfind supporting evidencefind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsdraw a conclusionHow to prove a new idea in scientific research?find supporting evidencePre-reading 1.What impresses you most in 2003?Infectious diseases can be spread to other people.They h
13、ave an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.People may be exposed to infectious diseases,so may animals.Bird flu,AIDS and SARS are infectious diseases.Infectious diseases are difficult to cure.What do you know about infectious diseases?Which person impresses you most during the SA
14、RS?What other infectious diseases do you know?For example:When you eat some food that is not freshYou may feelMaybe you have got _.CholeraWhat is Cholera?Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.It infects peoples intestines(肠肠),causing diarrhea(腹泻腹泻),vomiting and leg cram
15、ps.The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been infected with the bacteria.After a disaster,this is a very real danger,since regular,clean water and food supplies are often unavailable.The disease can be spread even further by infected people using alrea
16、dy dirtied water sources to clean themselves or dispose of waste.Great BritainGermanyDeath of first cholera case in London during the 1848-49 epidemic LondonPrevious cholera epidemic in Great Britain in 1831-32The spread of choleraJohn Snow defeats“King cholera”1.To summarize and remember the main i
17、dea of the passage.2.To speak out the detailed information of the passage.3.To know more about John Snow and his achievements.4.To learn some useful words and expressions in the passage.ObjectivesWords:defeat,attend,cure,challenge,suspect,blame,pollute,handle,link,announceExpressions:expose to,link
18、to neither nor be/become interested inbe determined to John Snow defeats“king cholera”What can you learn from the title?人物：人物：事件：事件：defeats cholera Who is John Snow?What happened to them?attended her as her personal physicianQueen VictoriaJohn Snow 约翰约翰.斯诺斯诺(1813 1858),英国麻醉学家、英国麻醉学家、流行病专家。他首次提出了流行病专
19、家。他首次提出了预防霍乱的措施。预防霍乱的措施。1854年年,伦敦霍乱流行伦敦霍乱流行,斯诺通过研究斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况霍乱病死者的日常生活情况,寻找到他们的共同行为模式寻找到他们的共同行为模式,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的关系关系,由于及时切断了二者由于及时切断了二者的联系的联系,有效制止了霍乱的有效制止了霍乱的流行。流行。Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England.In 1854,“the most terrible outbreak of
20、cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom”began.It was so violent and sudden that 127 people died in the first three days.The terrible choleraBacteria/germs of cholera Name of illness cholera(霍乱霍乱)Symptom(症状症状)severe vomiting(呕吐呕吐)and diarrhoea(腹泻腹泻)Aftereffect(后果后果)die quickly from a loss of liqui
21、dWhat was the cause of this illness?How did John Snow find it out?Skim the text and find the main idea of the text.The passage is mainly about:_ How John Snow found the cause of the cholera and defeated it.Fastreading:Read the passage quickly and find the number below and the relevant happenings in
22、the passage.Two theoriesIn 1854500；10The first suggested thatmultiplied in the air;The second suggestedabsorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.Another outbreak hit London.More than 500 people had died in 10 days.16,37,38 and 4020,21;8,97These numbers in Broad Street near the water p
23、ump had many of the deaths20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street had no deaths.They didnt drink the water from the Broad Street pump.These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.16372089pump3840BROAD STREETCAMBRIDGE STREET21John Snows Cholera Map7PubWhat is the problem?The cho
24、lera was the most deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause,nor its cure was understood.What caused cholera?Make a question:Which theory to believe in?Cholera multiplied in the air without reason.A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.People absorbed it with their m
25、eals.Which one do you believe more?What about John Snow?A map of Broad StreetWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.It seemed the water from the pump was to blame.What did he do next?Public house(Para 6)What was another supporting evidence?(Para 5)He look
26、ed into the source of the waterJohn Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.John Snow began to test two theories.An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.He announced that the water carri
27、ed the disease.John Snow marked the deaths on a map.2147Carefulreading:King Cholera was defeated.He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.He had the handle removed from the water pump.John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.3856Para-graphStages in an expe
28、rimentExample in this investigation1Find a problem2Make a question3Think of a methodWhat caused cholera?Which theory is correct?Collect data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water.Fill in the blanks.4Collect results5Analyse results6find supporting evidence7Draw a conclusionPlot
29、 information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness.Find other evidence to support the analysis.The water is to blame.The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe.draw a conclusionfind a problemmake
30、 a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsrepeat if necessaryMatch themPara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Para 7Prevention of Cholera1.1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right.How did he finally prove it?John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearl
31、y related to cholera,collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.Read and answer the questions.2.Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?Give a reason.No.The map helped John Snow organize his ideas.He was able to identify those
32、 households that had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits.He identified those houses that had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits.The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3.Cholera was a 19th century disease.What disease do you think is similar to chol
33、era today?Four diseases,which are similar today,are SARS,AIDS,TB(肺结核肺结核)and bird-flu,because they are both very serious,have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.1.The passage mainly tells us that _.A.the cause of cholera was polluted water B.John Snow was a well-known doctor i
34、n LondonC.the source of all drinking water should be examinedD.John Snow did some research and helped to solve“King Cholera”Choose the best answer.D 2.What was the key help for John Snows discovery?A.The government.B.The woman moving away from Broad Street.C.The water company.D.The map made by himse
35、lf.D John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century.He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it.In 1854 when a cholera _ out,he began to gather information.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokeHe _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dir
36、ty water from the _ died.So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera.He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.markedpumpsourceexamineddealingWhat should we pay attention to in our daily life in ord
37、er not to get infected with cholera?Heat the food left overnightCook raw food thoroughlyWash hands oftenKeep away from flieschoose fresh sea foodKeep the kitchen cleanDispose rubbish properly.Drink boiled waterDiscussion1.know about 了解有关了解有关的情况的情况know of 听说过听说过1)有些事我想了解一下。有些事我想了解一下。There is somethin
38、g I want to know about.2)我听说过那件事我听说过那件事,但不很清楚。但不很清楚。I know of it,but I didnt know it well.Language points2.conclude:v.作结论作结论,断定断定 The jury concluded that he was guilty.陪审团认定他有罪。陪审团认定他有罪。to conclude:总而言之总而言之,总之总之 To conclude,I want to thank you for your help.conclusion:n.结论结论得出结论得出结论arrive atdraw/rea
39、ch come toa conclusion1)那些都是事实那些都是事实,你能从中得出什么结论你能从中得出什么结论?Those are the facts;what do you conclude from them?2)我得出结论你在说谎。我得出结论你在说谎。I came to/drew/reached the conclusion that you were lying.3)根据这些事实根据这些事实,我们能对金字塔是如何我们能对金字塔是如何建成的得出一些结论。建成的得出一些结论。From these facts,we can draw some conclusions about how
40、the pyramids were built.3.defeat v./n.He defeated the champion in three sets.His words completely defeated me.The Party faces defeat in the election.击败击败,战胜战胜使困惑使困惑win/beat/defeat win“赢得赢得,获胜获胜”,后接奖品后接奖品,奖金奖金,名誉名誉,财产财产beat“击败击败,战胜战胜”,后接竞争队伍或者对手后接竞争队伍或者对手,敌人敌人defeat “击败，战胜击败，战胜”,后接竞争队伍或者后接竞争队伍或者对手对手,
41、敌人敌人,(此用法同此用法同beat),疾病等。疾病等。1)Mary _ the first place in the competition.2)Our school _ their school at football.3)I _ John at chess yesterday.wonbeat/defeatedbeat/defeated4.John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰约翰.斯诺曾经是一位
42、著名的医生斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生-他的确他的确医术精湛医术精湛,因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。1)expert n.专家专家;高手高手;权威权威an agricultural expert 农业专家农业专家an expert with the computer 电脑高手电脑高手expert 也可以作形容词也可以作形容词,“熟练的熟练的;老练的老练的;经验经验(或知识或知识)丰富的丰富的”an expert rider 熟练的骑手熟练的骑手 an expert opinion 内行的意见内行的意见照看照看,照料照料 如如:医生照看病人。医生照看病人。The d
43、octor attended (on/upon)the patients.出席，到场出席，到场 如如:attend school 上学上学attend a lecture 听讲座听讲座attend church 去教堂去教堂attend(at)a wedding 出席婚礼出席婚礼2)attend v.注意注意,留意留意 如如:Well attend to the solution of that problem later.attend to 处理处理,办理办理 我有许多事情要处理。我有许多事情要处理。照顾照顾,照料照料先生先生,有人接待你吗？有人接待你吗？Are you being atte
44、nded to?If you go out,Ill attend to the baby.专心专心,注意注意If you dont attend to the teacher,youll never learn anything.attendance n.照顾照顾,出席出席I have some important things to attend to.5.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.exposed to cholera 在句子中是过去分词用作后
45、在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语置定语,表示被动表示被动,意为意为“患霍乱的患霍乱的”。如。如:The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生。昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生。The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.发散思维：发散思维：exposed adj.暴露的暴露的,暴露于风雨中的暴露于风雨中的,无掩无掩蔽的蔽的 exposedness n.暴露暴露,显露显露开放思维开放思维:expose to 使暴露，揭穿使暴露
46、，揭穿expose sth to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿骗局揭穿骗局1)Miles of sand are exposed at low tide.2)The people of some Asian countries were exposed to the tsunami in 2004.3)He exposed the crime to the police.4)He exposed the plan to the newspaper.to uncoverto make suffer to mak
47、e knownto make known 5)The wolf opened its mouth to _ a row of sharp teeth.6)Dont _ your skin to the sun or your skin will be hurt.exposeexpose6.This was the deadly disease of its day.die(v.)dead(adj.)death(n.)deadly adj.(1)dangerous;likely to cause death 危险的危险的;致命的致命的 a deadly disease/weapon (2)hig
48、hly effective against sth.or someone 强有力的强有力的;致命的致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论击中要害的评论(3)aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的意在杀死的;不共戴天的不共戴天的:a deadly enemy 不共戴天的敌人不共戴天的敌人deadly adv.(1)very 极度极度;非常非常;十分十分 deadly serious 十分认真十分认真 (2)like death 死一般地死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍白死一般苍白7.So many thousands of terrified pe
49、ople died every time there was an outbreak.every time 在这里是连词在这里是连词,引导时间状语引导时间状语从句从句,意为意为“每次每次,每当每当”。e.g.Every time I meet him,I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。事情。注意注意:immediately,the moment,directly,instantly 等与等与 every time一样一样,都可以都可以用作连词引导时间状语从
50、句用作连词引导时间状语从句,意为意为“一一就就”。如：。如：I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他。我一见到他就把这封信给他。I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了。我一接到你的信就来了。8.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.absorbinto 吸收吸收 如：如：e.g.The big company has