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1、 必修必修 5 5Unit 3 Life in the futureLearning about languageSentences from this unit:1.Worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.2.Well-known for their expertise,his parents company,called“Future Tours”,transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.3.Hit by a lack of fr
2、esh air,my head ached.4.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.3.The _ morning,the father came into the lonely house,_ by his naughty boy.A.following;following B.followed;followed C.following;followed D.followed;following4.When _ into the warm room,ice soon changes into water.A.heating and t
3、aking B.heated,and taking C.heating or taken D.heated or taken1.作状语作状语2.作定语作定语4.作表语作表语3.作宾补作宾补过过去去分分词词Grammar过去分词过去分词 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。中可以充当状语、定语等成分。观察下列的句子观察下列的句子:Once published,his works(=Once his works was published,)became famous for the
4、absence of rhyme at the end of each line.PP作时间状语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句。有时过去分词前可加连词从句。有时过去分词前可加连词when或或while来强调时间概念。来强调时间概念。1.When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.When heated,ice will be changed into water.2.Because it was done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.Done in a hu
5、rry,his homework was full of mistakes.3.If they had been given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.Given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.作作方式或伴随情况状语方式或伴随情况状语1.The hunter left his house,followed by his dog.The hunter left his house,and he was followed by his dog.1)
6、过去分词在句子中可以作过去分词在句子中可以作时间时间状语、状语、原因原因状语、状语、伴随伴随状语、状语、条件条件状语和状语和让步让步状语等。状语等。2)过去分词作状语时过去分词作状语时,过去分词的过去分词的逻辑逻辑主语与句子主语一致主语与句子主语一致。Summary过去分词作状语过去分词作状语:过去分词有两大特点：过去分词有两大特点：1.表示表示被动被动的动作；的动作；2.表示已经表示已经完成完成的动作，因此，当过去的动作，因此，当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系被动，例如：与主语的逻辑关系被动，例如：用过去分词作状语来改写句子。用过去分词作
7、状语来改写句子。1.As I was worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days._,I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey2.If he is given time,hell make a first-class tennis player._,hell make a first-class tennis player.3)As I was confused by the new surroundings,I was
8、hit by the lack of fresh air._,I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Given timeConfused by the new surroundings4)When he was questioned by the police about the fire,he became tense._ _ _,he became tense.Questioned by the police about the fireFind out the sentences with the same meaning.1.As I was worri
9、ed about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.2.While I was confused by the new surroundings,I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Confused by the new surrounding,I was hit by the lack of fresh air.3.As I was exhausted,I sli
10、d into bed and fell fast asleep.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.Compare1.Following the old man,we went upstairs.we followed (跟着那个老人跟着那个老人,我们上去了我们上去了)2.Followed by the old man,we went upstairs.(we were followed)(被那个老人跟着被那个老人跟着,我们上去了我们上去了)3.从上面看，体育场好像一个鸟巢。从上面看，体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top,t
11、he stadium looks like a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen4.从太空看，宇航员看不到长城。从太空看，宇航员看不到长城。_ from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.SeenB A Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle_for a long time,the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧._ t
12、he book,I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用._ at her,he jumped with joy._at by her,he jumped with joy.UsedUsingLookingLooked注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。词，反之就用过去分词。Complete each sentence using the Past Part
13、iciple of the right verb.1)_ by noises in the night,the girl no longer dare to sleep in her room.2)The lady returned home,_ by two policemen.frighten trap follow shootFrightenedfollowed3)If _ in a burning building,you should send for help.4)Although _in the leg,he continued firing at the police.trap
14、ped shot过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的在着逻辑上的被动关系被动关系，且表示该动作，且表示该动作已经完成。已经完成。单个的过去分词单个的过去分词作定语，通作定语，通常置于被修饰的词的常置于被修饰的词的前面前面，而，而分词短语分词短语作定语，则须置于被修饰词的作定语，则须置于被修饰词的后面后面。1.Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest.上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。2.A letter posted today will reach
15、 him the day after tomorrow.今天发出的信后天他就能收到。今天发出的信后天他就能收到。分词作分词作定语定语可以转换成定语从句可以转换成定语从句:He worked as a worker building roads.(主动主动)=He worked as a worker who/that built roads.This is a picture painted by my father.(被动被动)=This is a picture which was painted by my father.I know the young man sleeping on
16、the bench.(在进行在进行)=I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.(已完成已完成)=The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。定语，前后常有逗号。Some of them,born and brought up in country villages,h
17、ad never seen a train.他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。见过火车。过去分词作定语有过去分词作定语有前置和后置前置和后置两种情况：两种情况：单个的过去分词单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在作定语，通常放在被被修饰的名词之前修饰的名词之前，表示，表示被动和完成被动和完成意义。意义。1.前置定语前置定语A.被动意义：被动意义：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人一位受尊敬的客人 (受伤的工人受伤的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B.完成意义完成意义a r
18、etired teacher 一位退休的教师一位退休的教师They are cleaning _ (落叶落叶)in the yard.The injured workersthe fallen leaves2.后置定语后置定语 过去分词短语过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在作定语时，通常放在被修被修饰的名词之后饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个，它的作用相当于一个定定语从句语从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called guests invited(=)to your part last
19、 night?that has ever been writtenwho had been invited如果被修饰的词是由如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示所构成的复合代词或指示代词代词those等时，等时，即使一个单一的分词作即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如如:Is there anything unsolved?There is noting changed here since I left this town.注意注意:1.从时间上从时间上：表动作已经完成：表
20、动作已经完成come,go,fall,change(表位移表位移,变化的不及物动词变化的不及物动词)I found the countryside changed a lot.2.从语态上从语态上:表被动表被动I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补1.表表“希望，要求希望，要求”的动词：的动词：want,wish,expect,like,order +(to be)doneI want the work(to be)finished by Sunday.Jim ordered the room(to be)cleaned.2.表表“感
21、觉，心理状态感觉，心理状态”的动词：的动词：see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find,think+object+p.p.We saw the thief caught by the police.People found the water polluted.3.使役动词：使役动词：make,get,have,keep I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.=I want to get the barber to cut my hair.=I want to let the barber cut my hair.4.介词短语作宾补介词短语作
22、宾补 with,without+n.+p.p.Do you know the man with his hands tied back?They left without a dish touched.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tiedD1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱,主要表示主要表示 动作的完成和状态动作的完成和状态,此时相当于一个形容词。此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分
23、词动词意味很强，句子主被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强，句子主 语为动作的承受者，后面常跟语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。短语。The glass is broken.The glass was broken by Tom.The windows are closed.The windows are closed by Jack.3.表示表示“感觉流露感觉流露”的一些过去分词的一些过去分词(如如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些过去分词和一些过去分词(如如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常
24、用作表语，表示状态，常用作表语，表示状态，其中有些其中有些仅表示状态，毫无被动意味。如仅表示状态，毫无被动意味。如:She was very disappointed to hear the result.Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners.How did the audience receive the new play?They got very excited.How did Bob do in the exams this time?Well,his father seems pleased with his results.Clea
25、ning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语C解析解析:该题考查分词作表语的用法。该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb.by the hour”计时给某人报酬。计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有此题被动结构作表语。类似的有:get burnt,get hurt,get woundedA.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay1)The rooms are _,so you cant move in.A.painted B.painting C.being painted
26、D.to be painted2)As soon as he entered the city,he _.A.was losing B.got losing C.grew lost D.got lost 3)What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him.A.disappointing;disappointed at B.disappointing;disappointed about C.disappointing;disappointed with D.disappointed;disappointing by CDC1.The
27、 Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt include women until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be playing考点点拨考点点拨C 简析简析:首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部分是待选部分是一个作定语、修饰一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后的后置分词短语置分词短语;再根据再根据 The Olympic Games 对对于动词于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受来说只能是被动承受,且已完成且已完成(in 776 B.C
28、.)。因此。因此,该题应选该题应选C。2.Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 简析：测试过去分词作后置定语表示简析：测试过去分词作后置定语表示被动，等于定语从句被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken。B 3.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 简析简析:测试过去分词作后置定语表示
29、测试过去分词作后置定语表示被动被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句who were invited。A 4.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened 简析简析:测试过去分词短语作定语放在所测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语可以用非限制性定语从句从句“which was opened last year”代替。代替。D 5.The first textbooks
30、 _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 简析简析:测试过去分词作后置定语表示测试过去分词作后置定语表示被动被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句which were written。D 另外另外,分词作状语时分词作状语时,如果其如果其逻辑主语逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致与整个句子的主语不一致时时,需要需要独独立主格结构或立主格结构或 with 复合结构复合结构来替代。来替代。
31、(此时此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语补足语)例例:The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied简析简析:很显然很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands,而不是句子的主语而不是句子的主语 The murderer,而而 his hands 对于动词对于动词 tie来说来说,只能是被动承受。因此只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选该题应选D。D 6.When _ if she
32、 would request a rise,the actress said that money was not important.A.asked B.asking C.having asked D.being askedA 7.Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it.A.advertises B.advertising C.advertised D.to advertiseC 8._ time,hell make
33、 a first-class tennis player A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given D9.Mr.Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring A10.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invi
34、ted 11.When _,the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completedAA12.If _ the same treatment again,he is sure to get well.A.giving B.give C.given D.being given 13._ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A
35、.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding CC1.I like reading the novels _(write)by Zhang Ailing.2.The girl _(write)a letter in the study is my cousin.3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _(repair).writtenwritingrepairedFilling in the blanks.4.I want the doors of my
36、new house _(paint)white.5.There was a _(surprise)look on his face.6.He was _(excite)at the good news.7.The story was so _(move)that he was _(move)to tears.paintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmoved用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1._(use)in this way,the word shouldnt be taken as a verb.2._(arm)with special g
37、uns,knives and brushes,two space walking astronauts practiced fixing the spacecraft.3.Though _(catch)in a traffic jam,we managed to arrive at the airport.UsedArmedcaught4.Susan is not easy to get along with.But once _(gain),her friendship will last forever.5.Henry didnt attend the party _(hold)at To
38、ms house last night,for he was busy preparing for his exam.gainedheld1.Though _ to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010全国全国II)A.surprising B.was surprised C.surprised D.being surprised2._ an important role in a new movie,Andy has a chance to become famous.(2011四川四川)A.Offer B.Offering C.
39、Offered D.To offer Multiple choice 3._ into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.(2011天津天津)A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated4.Film has a much shorter history,especially when _ such art forms as music and painting.(2012全国全国)A.having compa
40、red to B.comparing to C.compare to D.compared to5._ with care,one tin will last for six weeks.(2012北京北京)A.Use B.Using C.Used D.To use 用过去分词作状语来改写句子。用过去分词作状语来改写句子。1.As I was worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days._,I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the jou
41、rney2.When he was questioned by the police about the fire,he became tense._ _,he became tense.Questioned by the police about the fire3.If he is given time,hell make a first-class tennis player._,hell make a first-class tennis player.4.Because it was done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.
42、_,his homework was full of mistakes.Given timeDone in a hurry5.When it is seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape._,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.Seen under a microscope6.If I am compared with you,we still have a long way to go.The hunter left
43、his house,_._,we still have a long way to go.7.The hunter left his house,and he was followed by his dog.Compared with youfollowed by his dogTranslation1.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听 到那个声音。到那个声音。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.2.由于被老师批评了，那个女孩低着由于被老师批评了，那个女孩低着 头坐在那儿。头坐在那儿。Scold
44、ed(As she was scolded)by the teacher,the girl sat there without lifting her head.3.再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.4.被问到发生了什么的时候，他低下了头。被问到发生了什么的时候，他低下了头。Asked(When he was asked)what had happened,he lowered his head.5.虽然虽然John被单独留在房间里，他一点被单独留在房间里，他一
45、点 都不害怕。都不害怕。Left(Although he was left)alone at home,John didnt feel afraid at all._(move)by what I said,she stood there for a moment.感我此言良久立感我此言良久立 (白居易白居易 琵琶行琵琶行)_(give)the talent by the heaven,I will employ it!天生我材必有用天生我材必有用(李白李白 将进酒将进酒)Enjoy some beautiful sentencesEnjoy some beautiful sentencesM
46、ovedGiven_(wake)at dawn from a misty dream,I read,a year later,news from home.远梦归侵晓远梦归侵晓,家书到隔年家书到隔年(杜牧杜牧 旅宿旅宿)When _(question)under a pine tree,“My teacher,”the pupil answered,“went for herbs”.松下问童子松下问童子,言师采药去。言师采药去。(贾岛贾岛 寻隐者不遇寻隐者不遇)WakenquestionedHomeworkSummarize the rules of past participles used as attributives and adverbials.