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1、初中英语语法被动语态用法考点分析讲义一、简单句的主动语态变被动语态(1)通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changs
2、ha. 这些机器是长沙造的。(2)将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。
3、如：I saw him go into the teachersoffice. He was seen to go into the teachersoffice. 看见他进入了教师办公室。(3)带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我
4、的。【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。(4)动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：He was said to get hurt in the car ac
5、cident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。(5)短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。二、复合句的主动语态变被动语态复合句的主动语态变被动语态时，复合句中的主句和从
6、句都须同时变为被动语态。如：Li Lei told us that the teacher praised him today. We were told that Li Lei was praised by the teacher today. 有人告诉我们说今天李蕾受到了老师的表扬。将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为的短语(在被动向中用作状语):He stole our money.-Our money was stolen by himn.注(1)若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略:The house wa
7、s built in 1978.这座房子是1978年建的。(2)在转变语态时，要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性:The students will study the problem.The problem will be studied by the students.A friend of ours is repairing the roofThe roof is being repaired by a friend of ours.2.双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形值得注意:I)有些双宾动词(如award,buy, give,leave,
8、 lend,offer, pay, show,teach,tel等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)度为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词t或ior引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)。比较:He gave her some money 他给她一些钱。 She was given some money. / Somne money was given to herHe bought her a watch.他给她买了一快表。A watch was bought for her.
9、 / She was bought a watch(2)有些双宾动词(如bring,domakepas,sel,send,sing,write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for):Father made me a doll. -+ A doll was made for mne.He wrote her a letter. -+ A letter was written to her.(3)有些双宾动词(如answer,deny;envy,refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接
10、宾语用作保留宾语:He answered me that question. -+ I was answered that question by himn.3含有情态动词的被动形式若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be(或be的适当时态形式+过去分词”:Everyone must know this. -This must be known by everyone.请看以下带情态动词被动句实例:This cant be done in a short time.这不是短期内可以完成的She may have been sent to w
11、ork elsewhere.她可能被派到别处工作去了The door must have been locked by my wife.门一定是我妻子锁的。The environment should be improved.环境当改善。The second point neednt be discussed today 第二点今天不必讨论。不用于被动语态的情形1.不及物动词没有被动语态因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的，很容易出错，这类动词如：take place(发生)，hap
12、pen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，arise(出现，发生)等：A fire broke out during the night.夜间发生了火灾。Influenza usually breaks out in winter.流感通常发生在冬季。Use this money when the need arises.有需要时就使用这笔钱。2.某些静态动词不用于被动语态英语有些静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等)通常不用于被动语态，如以下
13、各句均不能变为被动语态：My shoes dont fit me.我的鞋不合适。The young man lacks experience.这个年轻人缺乏经验。The hall holds 1000 people.大厅可容纳1000人。3.宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作主语，所以当它们用作动词宾语时，句子不能转换成被动语态：We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助。He could see himself in the mirror.他在镜子中可以看到自己。英语不用被动语态几种的情形1.谓语为连系动词时，不用被动语态。如
14、：He looked fine. 他气色好。The food tastes delicious. 这食物味道很好。2.谓语为不及物动词(短语)时，不用被动语态。如：The war broke out in the end. 战争终于爆发了。I happened to meet him there. 我碰巧在哪儿见到了他。3.宾语为不定式、动词的-ing 形式或从句，表示主语的一些想法、爱好或愿望时，一般不用被动语态。如：He decided to go with us. 他决定跟我们一起去。I want to buy a computer. 我想买一台电脑。4.宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同源宾
15、语等时，一般不用被动语态。如：We should help each other. 我们应该相互帮助。We live a happy life here. 我们在这儿过着幸福的生活。He thinks of himself too much. 他对自己想得太多。5.宾语是处所、地点时，一般不用被动语态。如：We will reach the station in two hours. 我们再过两个小时就会到站了。He has gone to London now. 他去伦敦了。6.谓语部分(动词与宾语) 是一个不可分割的动词短语时，一般不用被动语态。如：The ship set sail this morning. 这艘轮船今天早晨起航了。He saw the doctor yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上看了医生。学科网（北京）股份有限公司