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1、十四、并列句和复合句一、并列句一、并列句 由由并并列列连连词词把把两两个个或或两两个个以以上上的的简简单单句句连连接接起起来来的的句句子子叫叫作并列句。常作并列句。常见见分分类类：1.表表示示同同等等、平平行行或或承承接接关关系系，常常用用连连词词and，both.and，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，as well as等。等。2.表表示示转转折折关关系系，常常用用连连词词but，yet(然然而而),however(然然而而),while(而而)等。等。3.表表示示选选择择关关系系，常常见见连连词词or，not.but(不不是是而而是是),either.or
2、.(要么要么要么要么)等。等。4.表示因果关系，常表示因果关系，常见连词见连词because,as，for(因因为为),so等。等。二、复合句二、复合句 由由一一个个主主句句和和一一个个或或一一个个以以上上的的从从句句构构成成的的句句子子叫叫作作复复合合句句。从从句句需需由由关关联联词词引引导导。初初中中英英语语教教材材主主要要涉涉及及的的复复合合句句有有状状语语从句、从句、宾语宾语从句和定从句和定语语从句。从句。考点一考点一 状状语语从句从句 状状语语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中起起状状语语的的作作用用，修修饰饰主主句句中中的的谓谓语语、形形容容词词或或副副词词。状状语语从从句句由由从从属属
3、连连词词引引导导，从从属属连连词词不不充充当当句句子子成成分分，只只起起连连接接作作用用。根根据据意意义义上上的的不不同同，状状语语从从句句可可分分为为：时时间间状状语语从从句句、条条件件状状语语从从句句、目目的的状状语语从从句句、让让步步状状语语从从句句、原原因因状状语语从从句句、结结果果状状语语从从句句、比比较较状状语语从从句句、地地点点状状语语从从句句等。等。从句从句类类型型从句引从句引导词导词例句例句时间时间状状语语从句从句when,while,before,after,until,since,as soon asHe didnt get home until 9 p.m.last n
4、ight.他直到昨天晚上九点才到家。他直到昨天晚上九点才到家。Ill call you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我我一一到到北北京京就就给给你打你打电话电话。条件条件状状语语从句从句if,unless,as long asYoull be kept out of the party unless you have an invitation.如果没有如果没有请请柬，您是无法参加柬，您是无法参加这这个聚会的。个聚会的。从句从句类类型型从句引从句引导词导词例句例句目的目的状状语语从句从句so that,in order thatThe new compa
5、ny gave away lots of ads in order that people can get to know it.这这家家新新公公司司散散发发了了大大量量广广告告以以加加强强人人们们对对它的了解。它的了解。让让步步状状语语从句从句though/although,even if,whatever,wherever,wheneverThe whole library was in silence,although there were nearly 500 people reading in it.尽尽管管有有将将近近500人人在在看看书书，但但整座整座图书馆图书馆却寂静无声。却寂
6、静无声。从句从句类类型型从句引从句引导词导词例句例句原因原因状状语语从句从句because,since,as,forSince everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.既既然然大大家家都都到到齐齐了，我了，我们们开始开会吧。开始开会吧。结结果果状状语语从句从句so.that,such.thatYao Ming plays basketball so well that many Americans have also become his fans.姚姚明明篮篮球球打打得得如如此此好好以以至至于于很很多美国人也成了他的粉多美国人也成了他的粉丝丝。从句从句
7、类类型型从句引从句引导词导词例句例句比比较较状状语语从句从句than,as.as.,not as/so.as.Im as old as Bob.我和我和鲍鲍勃年勃年龄龄一一样样大。大。地点地点状状语语从句从句where,whereverWhere there is a will,there is a way.哪哪里里有有希希望望，哪哪里里就就有有出出路。（有志者，事竟成）路。（有志者，事竟成）状状语语从句的注意事从句的注意事项项1.条件状条件状语语从句和从句和时间时间状状语语从句中的从句中的时态时态(1)如如果果主主句句使使用用一一般般将将来来时时，条条件件状状语语从从句句和和时时间间状状语语
8、从从句句中中使使用用一一般般现现在在时时表示将来的表示将来的动动作作Your dream must come true if you work hard.如果努力，你的梦想一定会如果努力，你的梦想一定会实现实现。Im going to be an engineer when I grow up.长长大后我想成大后我想成为为一名工程一名工程师师。(2)如如果果主主句句使使用用过过去去进进行行时时，时时间间状状语语从从句句中中一一般般使用使用过过去去时态时态We were watching TV when my father got back.爸爸回来爸爸回来时时我我们们在看在看电视电视。2.时时
9、间间状状语语从从句句中中not.until.（直直到到才才）与与before/after引引导导的从句的的从句的转换转换。I went to bed after I finished my homework.=I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.直到做完作直到做完作业业我才去睡我才去睡觉觉。3.结结果状果状语语从句中的特殊句式从句中的特殊句式(1)祈祈使使句句+and+简简单单句句：祈祈使使句句表表示示条条件件，and引引导导的的简简单单句句表表示示在在条条件件的的基基础础上上产产生生的的良良好好结结果果，前前后后句句意意统统一一Eat
10、 more vegetables and less meat,and youll keep in good health.多多吃吃菜菜少少吃吃肉肉，你你会会保保持持健康的。健康的。(2)祈祈使使句句+or+简简单单句句：祈祈使使句句表表示示条条件件，or引引导导的的简简单单句句表表示示在在违违背背条条件件的的基基础础上上可可能能产产生生的的不不良良后后果果，前前后后句句意意对对立立。or在在句句中中表表示示“否否则则”，可可与与if引引导导的的从从句句进进行替行替换换Keep quiet,or you wont hear what the teacher says.=Keep quiet,an
11、d you will hear what the teacher says.=If you dont keep quiet,you wont hear what the teacher says.保保持持安安静静，否否则则你你听听不不见见老老师师在在说说什么。什么。(3)so.that.（如如此此以以至至于于）与与too.to.（太太而而不不能能）和和not.enough to.（不不足足以以）句式的）句式的转换转换He is so young that he cant look after himself.=He is too young to look after himself.=He
12、is not old enough to look after himself.他他如如此此年年轻轻以以至至于于他他不不能能照照顾顾自自己。己。考点二考点二 宾语宾语从句从句 一、在主从复合句中作一、在主从复合句中作宾语宾语的句子叫作的句子叫作宾语宾语从句。从句。二、二、宾语宾语从句的四个考点：从句的四个考点：时态时态主句是主句是现现在在时时，从句根据，从句根据实际实际情况使用相情况使用相应时态应时态主句是主句是过过去去时时，从句使用，从句使用过过去去时时的某种形式的某种形式从从句句表表示示的的是是客客观观事事实实、真真理理、自自然然现现象象等等时时，不不管主句使用什么管主句使用什么时态时态，
13、从句都用一般，从句都用一般现现在在时时语语序序从句一律用从句一律用陈陈述述语语序，即主序，即主语语+谓语谓语连连接接词词that在在从从句句中中作作宾宾语语时时可可以以省省略略；作作主主语语时时不不能能省省略略what,when,where,how,whatever,whenever,wherever,who,whom,whose等特殊疑等特殊疑问词问词作作连连接接词词当当宾宾语语从从句句由由一一般般疑疑问问句句变变化化而而来来时时，连连接接词词用用whether或或if，表示是否，表示是否人称人称一随主，二随一随主，二随宾宾，三不，三不变变【温馨提示温馨提示】当当主主句句谓谓语语动动词词为为
14、think，suppose，guess,believe等等词词，主主语语为为第一人称，从句表达否定意第一人称，从句表达否定意义时义时，形式上，形式上应应否定主句。例如：否定主句。例如：I dont think that he is right.我我认为认为他不他不对对。考点三考点三 定定语语从句从句 一、基本构成一、基本构成1.定定义义：在在复复合合句句中中作作定定语语，修修饰饰主主句句中中某某一一名名词词或或代代词词的的从从句句叫叫作作定定语语从从句句。被被定定语语从从句句修修饰饰的的词词叫叫先先行行词词，通通常常位位于于定定语语从句之前。从句之前。2.句句式式：含含有有定定语语从从句句的的
15、复复合合句句基基本本结结构构：先先行行词词+关关系系词词+定定语语从句。从句。二、关系代二、关系代词词的基本用法的基本用法作主作主语语作作宾语宾语作定作定语语指人指人who/thatwho/whom/that/省略省略whose指物指物which/thatwhich/that/省略省略whose Do you know the girl who/that has won the first prize in the singing competition?你你认识认识歌咏比歌咏比赛赛中中获获得一等得一等奖奖的那个女孩的那个女孩吗吗？Many laugh-making stars whose m
16、aster is Zhao Benshan have become famous these years.近年来很多近年来很多师师承承赵赵本山的笑星成名了。本山的笑星成名了。【温馨提示温馨提示】1.以下情况只用以下情况只用that：(1)先先行行词词前前有有最最高高级级或序数或序数词词修修饰饰The Transformers is the greatest movie that I have ever seen.变变形形金金钢钢是是我我看看过过的的最最棒棒的的一一部部电电影。影。The first gift that I got from Uncle Liu was a toy panda.我
17、我从从刘刘叔叔叔叔那那里里得得到到的的第一件礼物是一只玩具熊猫。第一件礼物是一只玩具熊猫。(2)先先行行词词前前有有only，all,any，no，last，just，very等等词词修修饰饰Miss Yu seems to be the only teacher that can help us now.现现在在可可以以帮帮助助我我们们的的老老师师好像只有于老好像只有于老师师了。了。(3)先先行行词词是是something，anything，nothing，everything，little，few，many，all，no，none等等Is there anything that I can
18、 do for you?我可以我可以为为你做点什么？你做点什么？(4)先行先行词词既有人又有物既有人又有物I love the schools and teachers that give me happiness.我我喜喜爱爱给给我我带带来来欢乐欢乐的学校和老的学校和老师师。2.以下情况只用以下情况只用who/whom:(1)先行先行词词是是anyone,anybody,one,ones,those等等Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任任何何违违法法之之人人都都将将受到受到处罚处罚。(2)在在there be结结构构中中，先先行行词词指指
19、人人时时，关关系系代代词词用用whoThere are some boys who are playing basketball on the playground.操操场场上上有有些些男男孩孩在在打打篮篮球。球。3.以下情况只用以下情况只用which：(1)引引导导词词前前有有介介词词且且先先行行词词指物指物This is the house in which Im living.这这就是我住的房子。就是我住的房子。(2)非限制性定非限制性定语语从句中从句中He bought a new computer,which can work faster and better.他他买买了了台台新新
20、电电脑脑，这这台台电电脑脑可可以以工工作作得得更快更好。更快更好。三、关系副三、关系副词词的基本用法的基本用法用用 法法例句例句when表表示示时时间间，在在定定语语从从句句中中作作时时间间状状语语，其其先先行行词词是是表表示示时时间间的的名名词词（year，season，day等）等）I still remember the days when we worked together.我我仍仍然然记记得得我我们们在在一一起起工工作作的的日日子。子。where表表示示地地点点，在在定定语语从从句句中中作作地地点点状状语语，其其先先行行词词是是表表示示地地点点的的名名词词（place，school
21、，room等）等）This is the school where we once studied.这这就就是是我我们们曾曾经经学学习习过过的学校。的学校。why表表示示原原因因，在在定定语语从从句句中中作作原原因因状状语语，其其先先行行词词只只有表示原因的有表示原因的reason一一词词Can you tell me the reason why he hasnt come here?你你能能告告诉诉我我他他不不来来这这儿儿的的原原因因吗吗？【巧学妙巧学妙记记】定定语语从句的用法从句的用法主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句从句紧紧跟先行跟先行词词，关系，关系
22、词词引引导导要弄清。要弄清。定人要用定人要用who或或whom，定物，定物which当先用。当先用。关系代关系代词词用用that，定人定物有本，定人定物有本领领。when用来定用来定时间时间，where用来定地点。用来定地点。关系代关系代词词作成分，唯作作成分，唯作宾语宾语可省略。可省略。单项选择单项选择1.Do you enjoy My heart will go on?No,I prefer songs _ loud.A.that is B.which isC.that are D.what are【解解析析】选选C。由由先先行行词词songs指指物物且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语
23、语可可知知关关系系代代词词为为that/which，再再由由先先行行词词为为复复数数形形式式可可知知定定语语从从句句的谓语为的谓语为are。2.Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday?I think we will if we _ any classes.A.wont have B.didnt haveC.dont have D.arent having【解析解析】选选C。在。在if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。3.I dont know when _ tomorrow?I wi
24、ll call you as soon as he _.A.will he come;arrivesB.he will come;arrivesC.he will come;will arrive【解解析析】选选B。when引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句用用陈陈述述语语序序；as soon as 引引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，故选导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，故选B。4.That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing.Do you know _?For 5 years.A.how soon he will com
25、e backB.how long he has stayed thereC.how long has he stayed thereD.how often does he go there【解解析析】选选B。由由宾宾语语从从句句的的语语序序为为陈陈述述语语序序可可排排除除C、D；再再由由答答语语是是for引引导导的的时时间间状状语语可可知知宾宾语语从从句句是是how long引引导导的的，故选故选B。5.The first thing _ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.A.which B.that C
26、.why D.who【解解析析】选选B。在在定定语语从从句句中中若若先先行行词词是是物物且且被被序序数数词词修修饰饰时时关系代词用关系代词用that，故选，故选B。6.Julie,do you know _ yesterday afternoon?By bus.I guess.A.when Mr.Green will get to Quancheng SquareB.when will Mr.Green get to Quancheng SquareC.how Mr.Green got to Quancheng SquareD.how did Mr.Green get to Quancheng
27、 Square【解解析析】选选C。考考查查宾宾语语从从句句的的用用法法。根根据据回回答答中中的的By bus我我们们可可以以判判断断是是对对交交通通方方式式的的提提问问。A和和B选选项项中中when不不符符合合句句意意；又宾语从句须用陈述语序，而又宾语从句须用陈述语序，而D选项为疑问语序。故选选项为疑问语序。故选C。7.Jane is one of the students in the class _ have ever been to China.A.who B.whose C.which D.whom【解解析析】选选A。由由先先行行词词是是students，且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作
28、作主主语语，因此用关系词因此用关系词who。故选。故选A。8.Mr.Li,I found a watch on the playground.You should try to find out _.A.whose is the watchB.who is the owner of the watchC.whom does the watch belong to【解析解析】选选B。宾语从句应该用陈述语序，故选宾语从句应该用陈述语序，故选B。9.What a new computer!Can you tell me _?Just the day before yesterday.A.how mu
29、ch you paid for itB.how much did you pay for itC.when you bought itD.when did you buy it【解解析析】选选C。从从句句应应用用陈陈述述语语序序，故故排排除除B项项和和D项项；由由答答语语“前前天天”知知问问的的是是时时间间：“你你能能告告诉诉我我什什么么时时候候买买的的吗吗?”，故选故选C。10.Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend.But nobody knows if it _.A.is fine;will rain B.will be fine;rainsC.will
30、 be fine;will rain D.is fine;rains【解解析析】选选A。第第一一个个if作作“如如果果”讲讲，引引导导条条件件状状语语从从句句，从从句句用用一一般般现现在在时时表表将将来来。第第二二个个if作作“是是否否”讲讲引引导导宾宾语语从从句句，可以用将来时。故选可以用将来时。故选A。11.Is there anyone here _ name is Betty?Sorry,I dont know.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose【解解析析】选选D。在在定定语语从从句句中中先先行行词词anyone是是人人且且与与name之之间间存在所属关系，故用存
31、在所属关系，故用whose。12.The policeman asked the small girl _.A.why she was crying B.why was she crying C.why she is crying D.why is she crying【解解析析】选选A。宾宾语语从从句句用用陈陈述述语语序序，再再由由主主句句是是一一般般过过去去时时可确定从句时态为过去时，故答案为可确定从句时态为过去时，故答案为A项。项。13.Do you know the man _ is reading the book over there?Yes,hes Mr.Green,our PE
32、 teacher.A.which B.what C.whom D.who【解解析析】选选D。先先行行词词the man 是是人人，且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语，应用关系代词应用关系代词who。14.Jack,could you tell me _?Sure.In the post office on Green Road.A.where you bought the stampsB.where did you buy the stampsC.when you bought the stampsD.when did you buy the stamps【解解析析】选选A。由由答答语语
33、In the post office on Green Road可可知知问问句句中中的的宾宾语语从从句句的的引引导导词词应应当当是是对对地地点点进进行行提提问问的的，由由宾宾语语从从句要用陈述语序可知选句要用陈述语序可知选A。15.Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.Yes.But if it _,well play chess instead.A.will rain B.rained C.is raining D.rains【解析解析】选选D。在。在if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。