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1、GrammarI have an apple.The apple is red.I have an applethat/which is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple I like some friends.Some friends like sports.I like frineds who/that like sports.修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends 先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词事，物：事，物：which/that/whose/as 人：人：who/wh
2、om/whose/that/as地点：地点：where时间：时间：when原因：原因：why the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语状语whowhomwhichthatwhose表语定语asThe man who helped you is Mr White.This is the person(who)you want to see.The person(whom)Tom is talking to is my father.A dictionary is a useful book which tel
3、ls us the meaning of words.The film which we just talked about is very interesting.Tom is late again,which makes his teacher very angry.They stayed with me for two weeks,during which time they drank all the beer I had.Eric received training in computer for one year,after which he found a job in a bi
4、g company.Im not the fool(that)you thought me to be.The man that helped you is Mr White.This is the person(that)you want to see.A dictionary is a useful book that tells us the meaning of words.The film that we just talked about is very interesting.We are talking about the way in which he speaks Engl
5、ish.We are talking about the way that he speaks English.We are talking about the way he speaks English.Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.Id like a room the window of which looks out over the sea.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.He has a friend the father of whom is a doctor.
6、We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.Some people have no doubt that their cat understands as/so many words as a dog does.We hope to get such a tool as he is using.Hes such a good student as everyone likes.Hes such a good student that everyone likes him.He married the girl，as(which)was
7、 natural.He seemed a foreigner,as(which)in fact he was.As was natural,he married the girl.Tom is late again,which makes his teacher very angry.The earth travels around the sun,as is well known to us all.the usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语
8、Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?They still remember the happy days(which/that)they spent in Beidaihe.In a sports team each player has a clear role，and there are few occasions when members are confused or uncertain of their rolesThe house where they live is not very large.Well visit
9、the factory which/that makes radios.While public speaking focuses on an individual,debate is an activity where two or more speakers present their opinions in support and against a given issue.Chinas new food law provides for a food recall(召召回回)system where producers have to stop production if their
10、food isnt up to standards.This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.We are not satisfied with the reason that/which he gave us.at which he works.which he works at.That is the college where he works.that he works at.he works at.on which he was born which he was born onThe day when he was
11、born was 2nd Mar.that he was born on he was born onThis is the reason why/for which he did not came to the meeting.“介词关系代词”用法1.介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands2.介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.3.The train on
12、 which I went to Beijing is an express.类别类别意义意义功能功能形式形式关系代词关系代词限定性限定性定语从定语从句句非限定非限定性定语性定语从句从句起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意义不完整意义不完整。起补充说明作起补充说明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意义不受原句意义不受影响。影响。修饰修饰先行先行词词修饰先修饰先行词行词/整个句整个句子子无逗无逗号隔号隔开开有逗有逗号与号与主句主句隔开隔开1.有有that 无无that 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别2.作作宾宾语语时可时可以省略以省略不可以
13、不可以省略省略当关系代词指代整个当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。主句内容时。He was late again,which made his teacher very angry.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：只用非限制性定语从句的情况：当先行词指的是世界上当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物时。独一无二的事物时。The moon,which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth,goes around the earth.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：只用非限制性定语从句的情况：先行词是人名、地名、先行词是人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有国名、建筑物等专有
14、名词时。名词时。Yesterday he left America,where he had stayed for two years.I have a son who is a doctor.I have a son,who is a docotor.只用that引导 1.当先行词既包括人又包括物时：2.He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.2.指物的先行词被any,every,only,very,all,no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me.Thats
15、the only watch that I like most.3.指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step(that)we are to take is very difficult.This is the second card(that)he gave me.4.先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it.Have you got everything(that)you need?5.先行词
16、是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?不用that的场合如下：1.非限制性定语从句中 Last night,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March.2.介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news3.句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.Anyone who breaks the law is punished.Thos
17、e who break the law are punished.He who breaks the law is punished.定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。的先行词保持一致。I am not one who _afraid of difficultyDont choose me,who _not fit for this job isam This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that h
18、as ever been written C.that has written D.that have writtenShe is not the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈
19、解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situation,case,scene，一，一般用般用where14.This is the same pen _I lost yesterday.A.as B.that C.the one D.A&B D比较：比较：.the same pen as I lost.the same pen that I lost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it.A.as B.that C.which D.the onesABso.that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句后面跟的是一个结果状语从句