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1、 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 一 一般现在时的考点分析 1 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时间限制)The English teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.Water boils at 100C.2 表示现状，性质，状态时多用系动词或 状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动词，多用动作动词，且常与表频度的时间状语连用。Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.3 表示知觉，态度，感情，某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:see,hear,sm
2、ell,taste,feel,notice,agree,like believe,hate want think,belong,seem等.如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.4 在表时间，条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用will或shall表“意愿”，但不表时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to my party,my f
3、amily will be pleased.5 有些表示起止的动词如come,go,leave,arrive fly,return,start,begin,close,end,stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定，计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。The shop closes at 11:00p.m.every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.二 一般过去时 1 表示过去的事情，动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有语境）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到，想到或希望的事情通常用过去式。
4、如：I met her in the street yesterday.I once saw the famous star here.I thought that the film would be interesting,but it isnt 2 如果从句有过去的时间状语，尽管主动先于从动，但从句仍用过去时。He told me he read an interesting novel last night.3 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常有以下词语连接，用一般过去时如:but,and,when,as soon as,immediately,the moment,the minute,t
5、he first time.The moment she came in,she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.4 常用一般过去时的句型，暗示着过去的动作。Why didnt you/I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.三 一般将来时 1 表示未来的动作或状态用will/shall+动词（常与表示将来的时间状语如 t
6、omorrow,next week等连用)2 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.3表示趋向行为的动词如 come go,start,begin,leave等词常用进行时表示将来时。4 be going to与 will/shall;be to do,be about to do：用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往是经过事先思考，甚至已做了某种准备；而will/shall do表示未事先思考过，是临时做出的决定。be going to 表示将来，但不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则可以，表意
7、愿。如：If it is fine,well go fishing.If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.（错误）be to do sth.表示计划，安排既将发生的动作，还可表吩咐，命令禁止，可能性等.A meeting is to be hold at 3:00 oclock today.be about to do sth.表示即可，就要之意，后面 Autumn harvest is about to start.四 现在进行时 1 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作：表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go,come等起止动作
8、可用进行时代替将来时。如：It is raining now.He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.At six I am bathing the baby.The girl is always talking loud in public.（与等频度副词连用，表示经常，反复的动作或某种感情色彩如厌恶，欣赏，表扬等 2 下列四类动词不可用进行时。表示心理状态，情感的动词：like,love，hate,care,remember,belie
9、ve,want,mind,wish,agree,need,mean.表示存在的状态的词：appear,exist,lie,remainSeem,belong to,depend on.表一时性动作的词：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete.表感官的动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,Sound,taste,look,watch.五过去完成时六 1 表过去的过去发生的动作。在by,by the 七end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过去某八一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：九 By
10、 the end of the last year,we had produced 十 20,000 cars.十一 The train had left before we reached the station.十二 2 表示未曾实现的希望，打算，意图，诺言十三等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended十四/thought/wanted/expected等或上述动词过去不定十五式的完成式表示即：hoped/-+to have done.十六 3 “时间名词+before”在句中做状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。
11、如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.4 表示“一-就”的几个句型：Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.=No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.5 在before或 after引导的时间状语从句中
12、用一般过去时代替完成时。After he(had)left the room,the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.六过去将来时七 参照一般将来时对比：用would do,was/were 八Goingto do sth.表过去将来；come,go,leave等过九去进行时表过去将来时；was/were to do sth.和十was/were about to do sth.表过去将来。七过去进行时八 1 表过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或某一阶 内发生或频繁发生。2 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个由when或while引导
13、的时间状语从句。八 现在完成时 1 现在完成时除了和for,since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks),in recent years等.2 下列句型常用现在完成时。It is(has been)+一段时间+since从句 This(That/It)is the first(second-)time that+完成时 This(That/it)is the only-+that+完成时 This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesti
14、ng-+that从句+完成时 3 在时间或条件从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment,you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.九 被动语态考查要点简述 其构成方式：be+过去分词，口语get/become+过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被
15、动语态（短语可省去）。用被动语态要注意几个问题。1 主动到被动的双宾语的变化。I was given an interesting book.An interesting book was given to me.2 主动到被动时，宾补成主补。作宾补的不定式前加出。The boss made him work all day=He was made to work all day(by the boss).3 短语动词变被动时，勿甩掉“尾巴。The children were taken good of(by her).Your pronunciation and spelling shoul
16、d be paid attention to.4 情态动词和be going to,be to,be sure to,used to,have to,had bette等结构变被动 语态，只需将它们后的不定式变为“be+过去分词”.5 当句子的谓语为：say,believe，expect,think,know,write,consider,report 等时，被动语态有两种形式：谓语动词用 被动语态，动词不定式为主补。也可用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面，用主语从句表示出来。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smar
17、t boy.He is said to be a smart boy.People know that paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.类似的句型有:It is said/known/suggested/Believed/hoped/thought that-.不用被动语态的几种句型：1 所有不及物动词或不及物动词词组不用被动式。2 表示状态的谓语动词，如last,hold,benefit,Contain,equal,fit,jion,mean,look like,consist t
18、o等。3 表示归属的动词，如：,own,have,belong to等 4 表“希望，意图”的动词，如wish,want,hope,Like,love,hate等 5 有些动词式表被动意义。特别主语为物时。常见的动词有sell,write,wash,open,lock等 The cloth sells well.(不强掉动作）这样的动词还有feel,look,smell,taste sound等后面接形容词时；当cut,read,sell,wear,write等词带状语修饰时；当动词 表示“开始，结束，关，停，转，启动”等意义时.This kind of cloth washes easily
19、.The door wont lock.The fish smells good.These novels wont sell well.6 当break out,take place,shut off,turn off,work out等动词表示“发生，关闭，指定”意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.7 want,need,require+动名词用主动表被动。8 be worth doing用主动表被动。9 在“be+形容词+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。如：Th
20、is kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.The place is hard to find.This question is very difficult to work out.另外，be to blame（受谴责），be to rent（出租）也用主动式表被动。被动表主动的几种情况:1 be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)2 be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)3 be lost迷路 4 be drunk喝醉 5 be dresse穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.