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1、专题九 正反解读动词的时态、语态专题九专题九 考点荟萃考点荟萃考点荟萃 动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考的必考点。主要考查动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考的必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对时态和语态的理解，其中现在完成时、一般考生在特定语境下对时态和语态的理解，其中现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时的运用出现得最为频繁。此外，为了增加试过去时、过去完成时的运用出现得最为频繁。此外，为了增加试题的区分度，命题者还常常把动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致结题的区分度，命题者还常常把动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致结合在一起考查。合在一起考查。在解题时要注意以下几个问题：1 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可
2、参照的时间信息有哪些？2 这个动作处于什么状态？是进行中，还是已结束(完成)？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？3 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题，试题的答案也就水落石出了。专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读一、动词时态的基本结构和用法 专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读正面解读类别意义例句现在时态一般现在时1.主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等。作或客观事实等。2.用在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，表示将来。表示将来。3.少数表示动作起止的动词有时也可用一少数表示动作起止的动词有时
3、也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示一个按规般现在时代替一般将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。定、计划或安排要发生的动作。I play ping pong quite well,but I havent had time to play since the new year.If it rains tomorrow,will you still go？The plane for Canada leaves at 9：15.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读类别意义例句现在时态现在进行时1.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.与副词与副词always
4、，continually，constantly，never等连用时表示厌恶或等连用时表示厌恶或赞扬等的感情色彩。赞扬等的感情色彩。3.go，come，leave，start，stay等少等少数表示来、去、开始、离开等意义的瞬间数表示来、去、开始、离开等意义的瞬间动词的进行时可以表示一个按规定、计划动词的进行时可以表示一个按规定、计划或安排好的将要进行的动作。或安排好的将要进行的动作。My brother is reading an interesting novel these days.You are always forgetting the important things.Were m
5、oving to the new building next week.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读类别意义例句现在时态现在完成时1.现在完成时的两种意义：现在完成时的两种意义：表示动作发表示动作发生于过去，对现在有一定的影响或结果。生于过去，对现在有一定的影响或结果。表示动作或状态过去已经开始，持续到表示动作或状态过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去。现在而且可能继续下去。2.短暂性动词在肯定句中不可与表示时间短暂性动词在肯定句中不可与表示时间段的段的for,since等连用。等连用。3.可用在表时间、条件、让步的状语从句可用在表时间、条件、让步的状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动
6、作。中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。4.在在It is the first/second time that句型中，句型中，that从句的谓语动词用现从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。在完成时。They have cleaned the classroom.(即：The room is clean now.)He has lived in this country for 40 years.Once you have made a promise,you shouldnt break it.It is the first time that I have been here.专题九专题九 正面解读
7、正面解读类别意义例句现在时态现在完成进行时1.表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，现在可能刚刚结束，也可能仍续到现在，现在可能刚刚结束，也可能仍要继续。要继续。2.表示瞬间意义的动词不能用于现在完成表示瞬间意义的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。进行时。Ive been sitting here all day.Now that she is out of a job,Lucy has been considering going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读类别意义例句过去
8、时态一般过去时1.主要表示过去某时发生的情况或动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)。2.所表达的事件与现在无关。3.即使是刚刚发生的事情也要用过去时。If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic.But it rained all day.Sorry.I didnt know you were here.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读类别意义例句过去时态过去进行时1.表示过去某一时间正进行的动作。通常有时间状语(从句)，或有上下文提示。2.与副词always,continually,constantly,never等连用时表示厌恶或
9、赞扬等的感情色彩。3.go，come，leave，start，stay等少数表示来、去、开始、离开等意义的瞬间动词的进行时可以表示一个按规定、计划或安排好的过去某个时间将要进行的动作。As she was reading the newspaper,Granny fell asleep.My grandfather was always forgetting things.Mr.Smith said he was leaving for London soon.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读类别意义例句过去时态过去完成时1.表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或动作之前，即“过去的过去”
10、。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。2.表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。3.动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。4.用在hardlywhen，no soonerthan，It was the first(second,etc.)time(that)等固定句型中。By nine oclock last night,we had got 200 pict
11、ures from the spaceship.I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读类别意义例句将来时态will(shall)do其特殊用法：1单纯的将来。2说话时临时的打算。I will be 17 next month.Sorry,
12、I forgot to post your letter.It doesnt matter.I will go and post it myself.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读类别意义例句将来时态be going todo1.按照计划打算做(即说话时早已有的打算)。2根据客观迹象预示着。Ann is in hospital.Yes,I know.Im going to visit her tomorrow.Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读类别意义例句将来时态betodo 1.表示按计划要发生的事或表示命令、职责、义
13、务、要求等。2可以用于条件句，表示“想，想要做。”3be to do 结构有时还可以表示“注定了”。The president is to visit the school next week.You are to do your homework before you watch TV.(相当于should,ought to)If you are to pass the exams,you will have to study harder from now on.They were never to meet again.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读类别意义例句将来时态beaboutto
14、do 表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。常与when 连用，构成句型“be about to do when”(正要做这时)We are about to leave.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读类别意义例句过去时态过去将来时1.常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。2.was/were about to dowhen正要做某事这时He said he would come and help me if necessary.I was just about to explain when he interrupted me.二、几种易混时态的辨析1 一般现在时与现在进行时一般
15、现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的或状态性的行为。而现在进行时则具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。如：On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi.This is not my coat.Mine is hanging behind the door.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读如：2010重庆卷 The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building _ now.AremainsBis remainedCis rema
16、iningDhas been remained 专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读2 一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关。而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。如：I stayed in Beijing for five days.Then I went to America.(I am not in Beijing now.)I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next.(I am still in Beijing now and dont know where to go
17、 next.)专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读2010北京卷 Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry，I _myself clear.We want to return on October 20.Ahadnt made Bwouldnt makeCdont make Dhavent made【解析】D专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读3 一般过去时和过去进行时一般过去时和过去进行时一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态。过去一般过去时表示发生在过去
18、的动作或过去存在的状态。过去进行时则表示在过去某个时间点或时间段正在做某事。进行时具进行时则表示在过去某个时间点或时间段正在做某事。进行时具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读如：I read a book last month.(书已经在过去某个时间点读完)I was reading a book last month.(书未读完)Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea.He _it this morning.Adid Bhas doneCwas doing Dhad
19、done【解析】C专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读4 一般过去时和过去完成时判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示“过去”的时间点或动作，然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有另一个动作，并且判断该句是否强调发生在前。The moment I got home,I found I had left my jacket on the playground.专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读如：(1)Why does the river smell terrible?Because the water_.Ahave pollutedBis being pollutedChas been pollut
20、edDhave been polluted 专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读(2)He _ articles for our newspaper these years,and he _about 40 articles.Ahas written；has writtenBhas been writing；writesCis writing；has been writingDhas been writing；has written【解析】D专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读1 Hi,Lucy,you look tired.Im really tired.I _the living room all d
21、ay.ApaintedBhad paintedChave been paintingDhave been painted【误】学生容易分辨不清C与D的区别，而误选D。专题九专题九 反面解读反面解读反面解读2 Nancy is not coming tonight.But she _！(promise)【误】But she has promised.【正】But she promised.【解析】Nancy“答应要来”这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺，前文已告诉我们“她不来了”，因此诺言已跟现在没有关系，只是过去的一个动作。专题九专题九 反面解读反面解读3 I dont really w
22、ork here;I _until the new secretary arrives.Ajust help outBhave just helped out Cam just helping outDwill just help out【解析】一般现在时表示现在的、经常性的行为或状态，而现在进行时表示正在进行的、暂时性的动作。专题九专题九 反面解读反面解读4 很多的鸟类正被人们捕杀。【误】Many birds are killed now.【正】Many birds are being killed now.【解析】现在进行时的被动语态结构要完整，不能遗漏其中的助动词，导致时态错误。专题九专
23、题九 反面解读反面解读5 2010上海卷 The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.Ahas restored Bhas been restoredCis restoring Dis being restored 专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练实战演练6 2009天津卷 My parents _ in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.Alive Blived Cwere l
24、iving Dwill live【专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练72009江苏卷 Ann is in hospital.Oh,really?I _know.I _go and visit her.Adidnt;am going to Bdont;wouldCdont;will Ddidnt;will 专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练8He _ football regularly for many years when he was young.Awas playing BplayedChas played Dhad played 专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练9 2010全国卷 Linda，m
25、ake sure the tables _ before the guests arrive.Abe set BsetCare set Dare setting 专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练102010全国卷 Excuse me.I_ I was blocking your way.Adidnt realize Bdont realizeChavent realized Dwasnt realizing 专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练112010四川卷 When shall we restart our business?Not until we _ our plan.Awill finis
26、h Bare finishingCare to finish Dhave finished【解析】D考查动词时态。状语从句用现在时代替将来时，这里表示计划完成后，所以用现在完成时。专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练12Have you read the book called Waiting for Anya?Who _it?Awrites Bhas written Cwrote Dhad written 专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练132010安徽卷 Were you surprised by the ending of the film?No.I _ the book，so I alread
27、y knew the story.Awas reading Bhad readCam reading Dhave read【解析】B考查时态。句意为：“你对电影结果感到吃惊吗？”“不，我已经读过这本书，所以我已知道了这个故事。”“读书”是在“看电影”之前，故用过去完成时。专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练172010全国卷 Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No，I _ my homework all day yesterday.Awas doing Bwould doChad done Ddo【解析】A考查动词时态。all day yesterday是信息词
28、，暗示用过去进行时。专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练142010辽宁卷 I _ all the cooking for my family，but recently Ive been too busy to do it.Awill do Bdo Cam doing Dhad done【解析】B考查动词时态。第一句表示通常、一般性的一种状况，所以用一般现在时态。句意为：我为一家人做饭，但是最近我太忙不能做了。专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练15Unfortunately，when I got to her flat,she_，so we had only a moment for a few wor
29、ds.Ajust left Bhad just leftChas just left Dwas just leaving【解析】D考查时态。从后半句的“所以我们仅用一会儿时间说了几句话”可知，当说话人到达那位女士的公寓时，她正要离开，应该用过去进行时表示过去马上要发生的动作。专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练16Has Tom already finished his new story?I have no idea.He _it last month.Ahad written Bwas writingCwould write Dwrote【解析】B本题考查时态。过去某个动作表示未完成或者不知道有
30、没有完成时，用过去进行时态，句中是不知道有没有完成，所以本题选择B项。专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练17 Whats the problem,Sir?You _at least at a speed of about 100 miles per hour.Aare driving BdriveCwere driving Dhave been driving【答案】C专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练18 Are you still very busy?Yes，I _the report for the manager and it wont take long.Ahave just finishe
31、dBam just finishingChad just finishedDam just going to finish【解析】B考查现在进行时态表示将来的用法。根据“it wont take long”推知，报告将要写完但并没有写完。专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练19 What are you going to do this afternoon?I am going to the cinema with some friends.The film _quite early,so we _to the bookstore after that.Afinished;are going Bfi
32、nished;goCfinishes;are going Dfinishes;go【解析】C由问句和答语I am going可知，要用将来时态，排除选项A和B；电影的开始和结束是电影院在时刻表中已有的计划，用一般现在时表示，而表示最近的打算或安排，则可用现在进行时表示。专题九专题九 实战演练实战演练专题九专题九 正面解读正面解读常用被动语态 构成(以ask为例)常用被动语态 构成1一般现在时am/is/are asked 6过去进行时 was/were being asked 2一般过去时 was/were asked 7现在完成时 have/has been asked3一般将来时shall/will be asked 8过去完成时 had been asked4过去将来时would be asked 9将来完成时 will/would have been asked5现在进行时am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的被动语态can/must/may be asked