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1、潼潼南南上上和和中中学学校校李李熊熊Review宾宾语语从从句句引导词引导词语序：语序：时态：时态：thatif/whether疑问词陈述语序主句为现在时态，从句可以是需要的任何时态主句为过去时态，从句应使用相应的过去的时态。从句如果描述的是客观真理、科学理论等则永远用一般现在时态。陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句直接引语：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话直接引述别人的原话.直直接引语的前后必须加引号接引语的前后必须加引号。间接引语：间接引语：转述别人的话。转述别人的话。间接引间接引语前后不加引号。语前后不加引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句直接引语与间接引语的定义直
2、接引语变间接引语可分为三大类：直接引语变间接引语可分为三大类：1 1）直接引语为陈述句）直接引语为陈述句2 2）直接引语为直接引语为疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）疑问句）3 3）直接引语为直接引语为祈使句祈使句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say,也可用tell来代替，注意，可以说say that,tell sb.that，不可直接说tell that 陈述句e.g.He often says,“China is great.”He often says(that)China is gr
3、eat.Tom says,“I am a student.”Tom says(that)he is a student.He says,“I leave my book in your room”He said(that)he left his book in your room.一般疑问句一般疑问句 He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“You are intereste
4、d in English,arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English.间接引语用连词间接引语用连词whether或或if引导，原主句中谓引导，原主句中谓语动词语动词say要改为要改为ask，语序要变为，语序要变为陈述语序陈述语序 He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked,“Will you take bus or take train?”I asked him whether h
5、e would take bus or take train.“Is he all right?”They cried out.They cried out whether he was all right.注意：大多数情况下，if,whether 可以互换，但句中出现or(not),或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?”He asked me what my name was.He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your coun
6、try?”He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改来表达，语序改为为陈述句语序陈述句语序 直接引语是祈使句，则改为直接引语是祈使句，则改为tell/order/ask sb.(not)to do sth.其他变化同上。其他变化同上。祈使句祈使句He said,“Please come here tomorrow.”The teacher said,“Dont talk any mo
7、re.”He asked me to go there the next day.The teacher told us not to talk any more.）人称的变化）人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一一随随主主二二随随宾宾三三不不变变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称在变间引后去人称不变称不变She said,“I like Tennis.”She said that she l
8、iked tennisHe said to Lily,“you must get up early”He told Lily that she must get up earlyShe said to me,“They want tohelp him”She told me that That they wanted help him一随主，二随宾，三不变一随主，二随宾，三不变Practice:1)He said,“My brother failed in the exam.”He said _brother had failed in the exam.2)He said to Mary,“
9、How is your mother now?”he asked Mary how _mother was then.3)My teacher said,she is a good student.My teacher said _was a good student4)He said to me,“Ive left her book in your room”He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.hishershehehermy1.We want you to take a message for her.said the Greens.The
10、 Greens told me that wanted to take a message for .theyme her2.Are you willing to lend us a hand?she said to him.She asked him whether was willing to lend a hand.hethemHe says,“Is Tom a student or a teacher？”He asks whether Tom is a student or a teacher.He asked me,Do you like playing football?“He a
11、sked me if/whether I liked playing football.My sister asked me:“What is your friend?”My sister asked me what my friend was.Jack asked me,How do you like the film?Jack asked me how I liked the film.The solider ordered,“Be quiet.”The solider ordered us to be quiet.He said to her,“Open the door,please.
12、”He asked her to open the door.She says,“I will go to Beijing next month.”She says(that)she will go to Beijing the next month.He often says“I shall tell you about them.”He often tells me that he will tell me about them.2)2)时态的变化时态的变化He says,I will do it tomorrow”He says that he will do it tomorrow.如
13、果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是现在时现在时，直接引语，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时一般过去时，直，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变做出相应的改变直接引语时态直接引语时态直接引语时态直接引语时态间接引语时态间接引语时态间接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变一般将来时一般
14、将来时过去将来时过去将来时1.“I am ill today.”said my mother.My mother said that she ill that day.2.“We work hard at English.”he said.wasHe said that they hard at English.worked1.They said to me,“We are working hard at a company.”They told me that they at a company.were working2.“I am writing a letter now.”she sa
15、id.She said that she a letter then.was writingPractice:.John said,“I like reading adventure stories.”John said that he _ reading adventure stories.She said to me,“I broke your CD player.”She told me that she _ my CD player.He said,“Ill come here this morning.”He said he_ go there that morning.He say
16、s,“I have finished my homework.”He says that he _ his homework.He said,“they are playing games over there?”He said that they_ playing games over there.likedhad brokenwouldhad finishedwere直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变.直接引语若表示的是直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理客观事实或真理时，时，变间接引语时时态不变变间接引语时时态不变.当引语中的时间状语表示当引
17、语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间过去某一具体时间时，谓语动词时态不需改变时，谓语动词时态不需改变1.Our teacher said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”Our teacher said that light _ much faster than sound.travels2.“2.“I I graduated in 1966in 1966.”My brother.”My brother saidsaid.My brother said that he in 1966.graduated1.The teacher said to th
18、e students,“The earth is round.”2.My father said to me,“I was born in 1961.”The teacher told the students that the earth is round.My father told me that he was born in 1961.nowthentodayThat daytonightThat nightagoBefore/earlieryesterdayThe day beforelast nightThe night beforetomorrowThe next/followi
19、ng daynext The next/following 直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：直接引语中动词直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用在间接引语中用go:直接引语中副词直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用在间接引语中用there：直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：this变为变为that;these变为变为those本来就是本来就是that/those则不变。则不变。1.“What does this word mean?”she asked me.She asked me what word meant.that2.“Can yo
20、u see that map on the wall?”he asked me.He asked me if I could see map on the wall.that3.“Do you like these toys?”Jane asked us.Jane asked us if we liked toys.those4.“Bring those balls to me.”said my sister.My sister asked us to bring balls to her.those1.“I like reading adventure stories,”said John.
21、John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2.“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friend.Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.Exercise IExercise I3.“Ann,have you seen my blue notebook?”Peter asked.Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4.“How can you do that?”M
22、ary said to Ann.Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5.“What difference does it make?”Peter asked Jim.Peter asked Jim what difference it made.1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _.A.he lookstoday B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat dayExercise IIExer
23、cise II2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow 3.3.MrMr Black said,“I have walked a long way this Black said,“I have walked a long way this week.”week.”MrMr B
24、lack said that _ a long way _.Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had I had walkedthatwalkedthat week week B.hehe had walkedthat week had walkedthat week C.I I walkedlast week walkedlast week D.hehe has walkedthis week has walkedthis week4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thoug
25、ht that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he shouldtomorrow D.he would the next day 5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were wethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethat6.Jane said,“What did he
26、 hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A.that he hearda week ago B.what he had heardthe week before C.what he had herd a week ago D.if he heardthe week ago7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he
27、 wouldthe next time D.he willnext time 8.Jack said to her,“Where do you spend your 8.Jack said to her,“Where do you spend your holidays?”holidays?”JackJack asked her where _ holidays.asked her where _ holidays.A.she spent her she spent her B B.you spend your .you spend your C C.she spend her .she sp
28、end her D D.you spent your.you spent your9.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”9.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt left there I hadnt left there B B.I havent left here .I havent left here C C.hadnt I left there .hadnt I left there D D.havent I left here .havent I left here 10.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did rise